Course syllabus

Introduction

Welcome to the Microsoft PL-300 Exam Preparation and Practice course, created to support you in
mastering the essential Microsoft Power BI features and concepts needed to excel in the PL-300
exam. This course focuses on revising the knowledge and skills required to confidently tackle the
exam, including working through a mock exam. By the end of this course, you'll be well-prepared to
take the PL-300 exam and have access to valuable study resources to enhance your readiness further.
You'll also explore your next steps toward a career as a Power BI Data Analyst.

Let's explore the final stretch of the learning journey in this program designed to help you achieve
your PL-300 certification and cultivate new opportunities in data analytics and Power BI.

Module 1: Preparing data

The course starts with an introductory overview of the PL-300 exam course, highlighting key concepts
and details related to exam registration. You'll learn about the importance of practice assessments
and mock exams.

Next, you'll delve into getting data in Power BI, emphasizing the significance of choosing the right
data sources and understanding shared and local datasets. You'll also cover dataset setup, query
parameters, and dataflows.

The first module also focuses on data profiling and cleaning, which is crucial for maintaining data
accuracy. You'll gain hands-on experience with Power BI's capabilities to address anomalies and
inconsistencies.

You'll then explore data transformation and loading, learning to effectively create and transform
columns with various data types. You'll cover query steps in Power Query, such as reducing rows and
pivoting columns. The module also addresses reference queries, joins, and table relationships, which
are essential for efficient data management.

Module 2: Modeling data

The second module revises key concepts related to data modeling in Power BI, covering fact and
dimension tables, designing schemas, and configuring table and column properties. You'll work on
implementing role-playing dimensions, using the USERELATIONSHIP function, and master
manipulating filters through the CALCULATE function. The module explores cardinality, cross-filter
direction, and the role of the CROSSFILTER function.

You'll then move on to creating model calculations with DAX, focusing on calculated columns,
aggregation measures, time intelligence measures, and the difference between additive, semi-
additive, and non-additive measures. Practical activities involve SUM aggregation measures,
replacing implicit measures with explicit ones, and creating a semi-additive measure.

Implementing a data model is the next step, where you'll work with calculated tables, data
hierarchies, and the Q&A feature for answering data queries in your reports.

Lastly, you'll focus on optimizing the model performance using the Performance Analyzer, practicing
changing data types and reducing data to improve the performance of a Power BI project, and
recapping how to improve performance using cardinality and summarization.

Module 3: Visualize and analyze data

In this module, you'll focus on effective data visualization and analysis in Power BI.

You'll start with vital concepts related to creating reports. You'll review the different applications of
the visuals available in Power BI and explore how to configure and format visualizations to customize
their appearance, including using conditional formatting for data trends. Slicing and filtering
techniques will be explored, as well as report page configuration. You'll discover the power of custom
visuals for deeper customization. Additionally, you'll learn about data exporting and report
formatting.

You'll then advance your report-building skills, enhancing usability and storytelling. Report
navigation, sorting, and interactions between visuals will be covered. You'll also understand the
importance of syncing slicers across report pages, utilizing the Selection pane for efficient
management, and designing reports for mobile devices. Practical activities will involve bookmark
configuration, creating custom tooltips, applying sorting to visualizations, and working with the Q&A
feature.

The module concludes with a focus on identifying data patterns and trends, using scatter charts to
detect outliers and anomalies, grouping and binning techniques, AI visuals and the Analyze feature,
reference lines, and error bars. You'll learn to create scorecards and metrics for concise performance
indicators in your reports.

Module 4: Deploy and maintain assets

The next module in the course is dedicated to deploying and maintaining assets in Power BI.

You'll start by focusing on creating and managing workspaces and assets within Power BI. You'll gain
a comprehensive understanding of workspaces and their associated roles. In a practical exercise,
you'll create a workspace, exploring the nuances of workspace setup and configuration. You'll
navigate workspace apps, cover how to publish, import, or update assets within a workspace, and
work through creating dashboards. Additionally, you'll explore how to apply sensitivity labels to
ensure data security and compliance, subscription and data alerting features, differentiating between
promoting and certifying Power BI content, and global file configuration in Power BI Desktop.

In the module's second half, you'll cover topics related to managing datasets. You'll gain a
comprehensive understanding of data gateways, explore how to configure dataset refresh schedules
to keep your data up-to-date and recap different types of row-level security and roles and their
configuration. Lastly, you'll differentiate between providing access to datasets by sharing via
workspaces and workspace apps, highlighting their effects on dataset permissions, along with a
review of the impact analysis feature.

Module 5: Practice exam

In the final module, you'll prepare for the PL-300 exam through an introduction to the exam and a
mock exam, which serves as a comprehensive review of all the material covered in the Microsoft
Power BI Analyst Professional Certificate program that this course forms part of. This mock exam
simulates the conditions of the PL-300 exam, allowing you to assess your readiness and identify areas
for further improvement. You'll also receive additional study resources and guidance on the next
steps toward a career as a Power BI Data Analyst. By the end of this course, you'll be well-equipped
to take on the Microsoft PL-300 exam and make significant strides toward your professional journey
in Power BI.

About the Microsoft Power BI Analyst Professional Certificate

This course is part of a program that will help you build the foundational knowledge and skills you
need to succeed as a Microsoft Power BI analyst. Upon completing all the courses in this program,
you'll receive a Coursera certificate that serves as proof of your job readiness and that you can share
with your professional network. Through videos, assessments, and hands-on activities in the
program, you'll engage with the critical concepts of using Power BI to transform data into meaningful
insights. This is a great way to prepare for the Microsoft PL-300 exam. By completing the PL-300
exam, you'll earn the Microsoft Certified Power BI Data Analyst Associate qualification.

Why get certified?

Earning a Microsoft certification is globally recognized evidence of real-world skills. A Microsoft

Certification showcases your commitment to keeping pace with rapidly changing technology and
positions you for increased skills, efficiency, and earning potential in your professional roles. A
Microsoft Certification is also a great way to break into the tech industry. A Microsoft Certification
conveys expertise, which is especially helpful for someone new to the industry.

Prerequisites

Whether you're new to data analytics or hoping to move into the data analytics field, this learning
journey may be just what you need to achieve your goals. Previous experience in data analysis or IT-
related areas is unnecessary to pursue this certification. All you need is familiarity with using
computers. It'll also help if you enjoy questioning information and using the answers to inform others
or plan actions!

You must install Power BI Desktop and Power BI service, both available for free online. This course
will guide you through setting up your Power BI online account and environment in preparation for
the hands-on exercises. Familiarity with Microsoft apps is not a requirement but would be beneficial.

Power BI Desktop User Interface

In this course, you'll use Microsoft Power BI Desktop. Power BI Desktop is updated and released
monthly, incorporating customer feedback and new features. You might experience changes in the
Power BI Desktop User Interface (UI) that have taken place after the development of this training
content. As a result, the screenshots in the videos, readings, or exercises might not align exactly with
how you experience the UI. However, please note that these changes do not impact the
functionalities of the UI. Hence, you can still perform all the steps in that video, reading, or exercise.

Conclusion

This course is your path toward achieving the Microsoft Power BI Professional Certificate. Upon
successful completion, you'll have the opportunity to share your certificate within your professional
network. This program equips you with job-ready skills and prepares you for the Microsoft Certified
Exam PL-300: Power BI Analyst. This globally recognized certification validates your technical
expertise. You're ready to take the next exciting step to becoming a Microsoft Power BI Analyst! Best
of luck.
How to be successful in this course

Introduction

Taking an online course can be a substantial commitment. What’s the best way to learn at your own
pace and successfully achieve your goals? Here are some general tips that can help you stay focused
and succeed.

1: Set daily study goals

Ask yourself what you hope to accomplish in your course each day. Setting a clear goal can help you
stay motivated and prevent procrastination. The goal should be specific and easy to measure, such as
“I’ll watch all the videos in Module 2 and complete the first assignment.” Don’t forget to reward
yourself when you make progress toward your goal!

2: Create a dedicated study space

It’s easier to recall information if you’re in the same place where you first learned it, so having a
dedicated space at home to take online courses can make your learning more effective. Remove any
distractions from the space and, if possible, make it separate from your sleeping or leisure areas. A
clear distinction between where you study and where you take breaks can help you focus.

3: Schedule study time on your calendar

Open your calendar and select the dates, times, and durations that you can realistically dedicate to
watching videos, reading content, and completing practical assignments. This helps ensure that your
courses don’t become the last thing on your to-do list.

Tip: You can add deadlines for a Coursera course to your Google Calendar, Apple Calendar, or
another calendar app.

4: Keep yourself accountable

Tell your friends about the courses you’re taking, post achievements to your social media accounts,
or blog about your practical assignments. Having a community and support network of friends and
family to encourage you makes all the difference!

5: Take notes

Taking notes can promote active thinking, boost comprehension, and extend your attention span.
Use notes to internalize knowledge. Grab your favorite notebook or find a digital app that works best
for you and start recording key points and core concepts.

Tip: While watching a lecture on Coursera, you can select the Save Note button below the video to
save a screenshot to your course notes and add your own comments.

6: Join discussions

Course discussion forums are a great place to ask questions about assignments, discuss topics, share
resources, and make friends. Our research shows that learners who actively participate in discussion
forums are more likely to complete a course. To get started, make a post today or contribute to a
post today!

7: Do one thing at a time

Learning researchers have demonstrated that multitasking is less productive than focusing on a
single task at a time. Stay focused on one thing at a time. You’ll absorb more information and
complete assignments with greater productivity and ease than if you were trying to do many things
at once.

8: Take breaks

Resting your brain after learning is critical to high performance. If you find yourself working on a
challenging problem without much progress for an hour, take a break. Walking outside, taking a
shower, or talking with a friend are different break types that can re-energize you and even give you
new ideas on how to tackle a project.

9: Further preparation for your Microsoft Power BI learning journey

While working toward the PL-300 exam or toward your other learning goals, we encourage you to:

 Begin by reviewing the exam guidelines and skills measured.

 Work through each lesson in the learning pathway. Try not to skip any activities or lessons
unless you are certain that you already know this information well enough to move ahead.

 Take the opportunity to go back and watch a video or read the further information provided
before moving on.

 Complete all the quizzes, exam practice questions, and exercises.

 Read the feedback carefully when answering quizzes or practice exams as this will help you
to reinforce what you are learning.

 Make use of the practical learning environment provided by the step-by-step practical
exercises. Your learning is reinforced through the application of skills.

Conclusion

Everyone has their own way of learning. Remember any of our tips that connect with your way of
learning and use them to help achieve your study goals.

Best of luck on your learning journey!

How do you prepare for the PL-300 Exam?

This discussion is an opportunity to share your insights on how you plan to prepare for the PL-300
exam. You can use the following guiding questions to help you formulate your discussion board post.

 How do you plan to structure your study schedule for the PL-300 exam? Are there particular
time management techniques you'll employ?
  Share your favorite resources for studying security, compliance, and identity concepts. Are
there specific study resources you recommend?

 Have you identified any challenging areas within the PL-300 exam topics? How do you intend
to tackle these challenges and deepen your understanding?

 Are there any hands-on experiences that would complement your exam preparation? How
do you plan to gain practical exposure to the concepts covered?

 Collaborative learning can be beneficial. Do you have plans to form or join study groups to
exchange insights, discuss difficult topics, and quiz each other?

 How will you measure your progress as you prepare for the exam? Are you considering
taking practice tests or self-assessment quizzes?

 Motivation can fluctuate during exam preparation. What strategies do you have in mind to
stay motivated and overcome any study-related challenges?

Feel free to use any of these questions or come up with your own to facilitate an engaging discussion
with other learners preparing for the Microsoft PL-300 exam.

Participation is optional

How to open an image in a new tab

Introduction

Opening an image in a new tab can be a simple yet powerful technique when you want to view an
image in detail without navigating away from the reading you have opened. This method allows you
to enlarge and focus on an image while keeping your document open. This reading will walk you
through opening an image in a new tab.

Why open an image in a new tab?

Opening an image in a new tab offers several benefits:

 Preserves context: When you open an image in a new tab, the original reading remains
accessible. This is particularly useful when you are browsing content where context matters.

 Detailed examination: Some images contain intricate details that might be difficult to
appreciate when displayed in a smaller size. Opening an image in a new tab allows you to
zoom in and examine these details more closely.

 Ease of navigation: If you are looking at a collection of images, opening them in new tabs can
help you navigate them without losing your place on the main page.

How to open an image in a new tab

1. Move your cursor over the image you want to open in a new tab.

2. Right-click (or two-finger tap on a trackpad) the image.

3. Select Open image in new tab from the dropdown.

Once you open the image in a new tab, you can view the details more closely, zooming the image if
necessary. When you are ready to return to the reading, close the image tab or select the tab that
holds your reading.

Conclusion

You can quickly open images in new tabs by following these steps. This empowers you to have a
more focused and uninterrupted engagement with the images you view.

Setting up your Power BI environment

Introduction

So far, you've learned that Power BI is a powerful tool for data analysis. It's time to explore how to
set up your Power BI Desktop environment and kick-start your data analysis journey with Power BI. In
this reading, you'll explore different methods for installing Power BI Desktop and how to navigate the
installation process to set up your Power BI environment for optimal performance. Setting up your
Power BI environment is crucial because it ensures you can access, analyze, and share data
efficiently. With a well-configured environment, you can create powerful reports and dashboards
that help drive business decisions.

Power BI Desktop system requirements

Power BI Desktop is a free download compatible with Windows 7 and later versions. It has minimum
and recommended system requirements. Meeting or exceeding these requirements ensures that
your Power BI environment runs smoothly and can enhance the application's performance and user
experience, especially when working with large or complex datasets.
The minimum requirements include:

 A 1.4 GHz processor

 1 GB RAM

 1280x720 screen resolution

However, it's highly recommended to have a system with at least:

 A 2 GHz processor (to enable Power BI to perform more operations per second, resulting in
quicker data processing and analysis).

 4 GB RAM (to allow Power BI to process larger datasets at once without slowing down, which
can significantly improve the software's performance).

 1440x900 screen resolution (to provide more workspace on your screen, allowing you to
view more data at once without scrolling).

Power BI Desktop installation methods

You can use one of two approaches to access Power BI:

1. Install it as an app from the Microsoft Store.

2. Download it directly as an executable file and install it on your computer.

Although you can install the latest version of Power BI Desktop onto your computer with either
approach, there are some advantages to installing it as an app from the Microsoft Store, which will
be discussed in the following section.

Let's explore each installation method.

Approach 1: Install Power BI Desktop as an app from the Microsoft Store

If you're using Windows 10, you can install Power BI Desktop directly from the Microsoft Store. This
method is convenient because it ensures that your Power BI environment is always up to date with
the latest features and security updates.

Advantages

Installing Power BI Desktop as an app from the Microsoft Store provides the following advantages:

1. Automatic updates: Windows downloads the latest version automatically in the background
as soon as it's available, so your version is always up to date.

2. Smaller downloads: Microsoft Store ensures only components that changed in each update
are downloaded to your computer, resulting in smaller downloads for each update.

3. Admin privilege isn't required: You do not need to be an administrator for the installation to
complete successfully (which is required if you download and install the package directly).

4. IT roll-out enabled: Through the Microsoft Store for Business, you can more easily deploy
or roll out Power BI Desktop to everyone in your organization.

5. Language detection: The Microsoft Store version includes all supported languages and
checks the language used on your computer each time it's launched. When you create a
 Power BI report file (with a .pbix extension), it uses the default language you have set on
your computer to make the report more understandable and relevant to you.

Installation instructions

1. Access the Power BI download page.

1. Navigate to Microsoft Power BI Desktop and select the Download option.

1. A popup appears onscreen, redirecting you to the Microsoft Store. Select Open Microsoft
Store. The Microsoft Store opens in your system. Select Get to download Power BI Desktop
as an application.
 1. The download process begins.

Approach 2: Download Power BI Desktop directly

This method is suitable if you're using an older version of Windows or prefer manual installation.
Remember to manually update your Power BI environment if you choose this method.

Power BI Desktop is available in a single .exe installation package that contains all supported
languages, with separate .exe files for the 32-bit and 64-bit versions.

As .msi installation packages are no longer available, you must install Power BI Desktop using the
executable file. This approach makes distribution, updates, and installation easier and more
convenient for administrators.

Installation instructions

1. Access the Power BI download page.

1. Navigate to Microsoft Power BI Desktop and select Advanced download options.

1. Your browser redirects you to the Microsoft Download Center's page for Power BI Desktop.
Select your preferred language from the options in the Select language drop-down list. Then
select Download to download Microsoft Power BI directly.
1. A dialog box onscreen offers 32-bit and 64-bit versions of the Microsoft Power BI Desktop
setup .exe file. Download the version that matches the architecture of your Windows
operating system.

1. Access your downloads folder and select the PBIDesktopSetup file for installation.
 1. Select the appropriate language from the Setup Wizard welcome screen, then select Next to
begin the installation process.

1. Complete the installation process as instructed by the Setup Wizard.

Launching Power BI Desktop

After installing Power BI, you can launch it via the Start menu. You can also select the search icon and
search for Power BI to find and launch the application quickly.
Power BI Desktop user interface

Power BI Desktop is updated and released every month, incorporating customer feedback and new
features.

You might experience changes in the Power BI Desktop user interface (UI) that have taken place after
developing this training content. As a result, the screenshots in the videos, readings, or exercises
might not align exactly with how you experience the UI.

However, please note that these changes do not impact the functionalities of the UI. This means you
can still perform all the steps shown in that video, reading, or exercise.

Conclusion

In this reading, you explored the system requirements for Power BI Desktop, two methods of
installation and setup (using the Microsoft Store or direct download), and the advantages of
installing Power BI Desktop as an app from the Microsoft Store.

New name for Power BI datasets

Introduction

Microsoft has renamed the Power BI dataset content type to semantic model.

The rename was necessary for two main reasons.

 The term dataset is considered too generic. It has different meanings in the context of other
data-related activities, especially now that Power BI is one of many experiences in Microsoft
Fabric.
  The term semantic model better reflects the rich functionality of Analysis Services data
models, upon which Power BI reports are based.

Datasets are being renamed to semantic models in Power BI and Fabric

Microsoft Fabric is transforming how analytics projects are delivered. In the age of Fabric, the term
“dataset” is too generic, and doesn’t do justice to the rich functionality provided. The scope of
personas, workloads, and services that create artifacts that could be labeled as “datasets” is far
broader than when the term was originally introduced.

You will see this in the most prominent UI elements in the product, and the documentation is being
updated.

Conclusion

The change to the name reflects the immense progress that Power BI datasets have made in
becoming an enterprise-grade semantic modeling technology. The semantic model name will help
drive awareness of the unparalleled capabilities provided.
Additional resources: Microsoft PL-300 Exam resources

Introduction

As you move through this course, you'll encounter an additional resources reading list like this one in
each lesson. These resources offer more information about the topics covered in a lesson and may
give you some extra insights. You can learn more about Exam PL-300: Microsoft Power BI Data
Analyst in this reading.

Exam PL-300 preparation

The most important resource to consult is the PL-300 study guide. Here, you will learn all about the
skills that the exam measures. You can also learn more about the requirements for the exam, such as
which topics you need to be well-versed in. In addition, this resource includes an exam sandbox that
will allow you to complete ten exam questions and one case study to ensure your readiness to take
the exam. As part of your preparation for the PL-300 exam, you can work through the videos in the
Microsoft Exam Readiness Zone.

Conclusion

Be sure to explore these resources if you want to learn more about the Microsoft Exam PL-300.
Wishing you all the best with your preparation!

How to prepare for the proctored examination

Introduction

Congratulations on your significant progress toward taking the Microsoft PL-300 exam. In this
reading, you'll embark on an important phase in your journey—discovering the steps and
requirements for registering and scheduling your online exam and what you can expect. More
specifically, this reading gives you an overview of the general preparation requirements to take the
Microsoft PL-300 exam using Pearson VUE's OnVUE platform.

OnVUE online test delivery platform

Once you are ready to schedule your exam, you can do so with Pearson VUE using their OnVue online
delivery platform. Pearson VUE is a global leader in computer-based testing and assessment services,
offering a wide range of certification and licensing exams across various industries. One of their
innovative solutions is the OnVUE online delivery platform, which allows candidates to take
invigilated or proctored exams remotely from the comfort of their own homes or offices. The
platform leverages advanced technology to provide a secure and reliable remote testing experience.

Before the exam

Registration and scheduling

To register for the PL-300 exam, visit the Pearson VUE website and register for the PL-300 exam.
Select a date and time slot that suits your schedule.

System requirements

Ensure that your computer meets the technical requirements for the OnVUE platform. This includes
having a compatible operating system, webcam, microphone, and a reliable internet connection.

System check
Before taking the exam, you are required to perform a system check to ensure your computer,
webcam, microphone, and internet connection meet the technical requirements for a smooth testing
experience.

Testing environment

Set up a clean and quiet testing environment free from distractions. Ensure there are no materials
within reach that could be used for cheating.

Identification

Prepare a valid government-issued photo ID (for example, a driver's license or passport) for the
identification process during the exam check-in.

On the exam day

Check-in process

On the day of the exam, log in to the OnVUE platform and complete a secure check-in process. This
usually involves verifying your identity, taking a picture of your photo ID, and testing your
environment.

Security measures

The OnVUE platform employs several security measures to prevent cheating and maintain the
integrity of the exam. These measures include facial recognition, ID verification, browser lockdown,
and monitoring tools. The PL-300 is a proctored exam.

Proctored exam

During the exam, you are monitored by a live proctor through your webcam. The proctor ensures
that you follow the exam guidelines and don’t engage in any prohibited activities. Follow the
proctor's instructions, maintain focus, and adhere to the exam guidelines. Any prohibited behavior
may lead to disqualification.

After the exam

Once you’ve completed your exam and submitted your answers, the results are usually available
shortly afterward. For the full list of requirements and exam policy, please review the PearsonVue
official webpage.
Conclusion

By adhering to these preparation requirements and guidelines, you can successfully take the PL-300
exam using Pearson VUE's OnVUE online delivery platform and work towards achieving your
Microsoft certification goals. Good luck with your preparation!

How the exam is administered

Introduction

At this point, you know how to prepare for Exam PL-300 and what topics it covers. But what about
the practical aspect of taking the exam? Can you take it from anywhere in the world? Can you do it in
a shared office space? And what about drinking coffee while taking the exam? In this reading, you
will learn about the practical requirements and guidelines for taking the exam.

Where can I take the exam?

You can take any Microsoft Certification role-based or fundamentals exam as a proctored online
exam through Pearson VUE online at your home or office. You can also take your exam with
PearsonVUEat one of their worldwide test centers.

Pearson VUE test centers

Pearson VUE test centers (PVTC) provide a quiet testing environment with all the necessary facilities,
such as parking, secure storage, check-in, a waiting area, disability access, and so on. From the
technical side, you will have access to a secure, supervised workstation with all the necessary
hardware and software. This document provides more details about the Pearson VUE PVTC facility
requirements.

Online testing session protocol

You may choose to take the exam online. Specific policies, practices, and procedures are enforced to
maintain the integrity of proctored exams in an online or webcam setting. Some of these will be
outlined in the sections that follow.

Office or home setting

Your office or home setting must meet the following requirements:

 The office or conference room must be walled and have a closed door.

 Whether you are taking the exam at your office or at home, the room should be free from
disruptions.

 No one else can be in or enter the room during your testing session.

Communicating with the greeter and proctor

 Phone: During check-in, the greeter will ask for your phone number to communicate with
you while you check in for your exam. After you have completed the check-in process, you
will be asked to place your phone out of reach but close enough to be heard.

 Chat window: Most communication with the greeter and proctor occurs via the chat
window.
  Microphone: During the check-in process and, if necessary, while taking your exam, you can
communicate with the greeter and proctor via microphone.

 Language: All communication with the greeter and proctor is conducted in a limited number
of languages that may differ from the language in which you are taking the exam.

Identity verification

You are required to present a current government-issued form of ID, such as one of the following:

 Driver's license

 Military ID

 Passport

 Identification card (national, state, or province identity card)

 Alien registration card (green card, permanent resident, visa)

 Government-issued local language ID (not in Roman characters) Note: this is accepted only if
issued from the country where the candidate is testing.

A webcam photo will be taken of you and your photo ID. The name on the government-issued ID you
present to enter the exam must exactly match the name on your Microsoft Certification profile. If
you need to change the name of your Microsoft Certification profile, contact Certification Support
before the day of the exam to get assistance from a forum moderator.

Minors who are under the age of 18 are permitted to present a valid student ID as a form of
identification. The candidate's guardian must also present a valid ID and provide verbal consent
during check-in.

Work area scan

With your webcam, phone, or laptop, you will be asked to scan slowly from left to right to show the
surrounding walls and up and down to show the floor and ceiling. If you cannot complete a work
area scan, you are not permitted to proceed further or take the exam. You will then scan your entire
work area. The proctor is looking for security risks, including but not limited to:

 Additional monitors (must be unplugged and turned away from you)

 Additional computers (must be turned off, and monitors must be dark)

 The work area should be clear of all materials, including the following items that are not
allowed within arm's reach: books, notepads, post-it notes, typed notes/papers, or writing
instruments such as pens, markers, whiteboards, or pencils.

Personal belongings and appearance check

Personal belongings

During the exam, you may not access the following types of personal items: hand-held computers or
other electronic devices, pagers, watches, wallets, purses, hats (or other head coverings), bags,
coats, books, notes, or any other materials not specifically approved.

Mobile phone
In the event of a support issue, the proctor may try to contact you on your mobile phone at the
number you provide during exam check-in. Please ensure your mobile phone number includes the
country code. It is acceptable to keep the cell phone nearby but not in arm's reach.

Personal appearance

The proctor might give you some of these instructions to make sure you do not have any means to
access information during the exam:

 You may be asked to turn out all your pockets (pants pockets and blazer or sweater pockets)
so the greeter can see they are empty.

 If you wear long sleeves, you may be asked to roll up your sleeves to show no writing is on
your arms.

 If you are wearing a tie, you may be asked to lift the tie to show the greeter that nothing is
hidden under the tie.

 If you have long hair covering your ears, you may be asked to pull your hair back to show the
greeter that nothing is attached to your ear (such as a Bluetooth earpiece).

Breaks, eating, and drinking

 Breaks are not allowed during the exam for any reason. You understand and agree that if you
take a break, your exam score will be invalidated, and you will not be allowed to resume the
exam later.

 Eating, drinking, smoking, and chewing gum are prohibited during the exam.

Rules about exam assistance

 No one can enter the room during your testing session. If this occurs, your exam will be
terminated.

 You may not receive assistance or coaching from other individuals while taking the exam,
and you may not allow others to see the computer screen during the exam.

 You cannot use books or other resources, scratch paper, erasable whiteboards, or any other
writing object during the exam. You are also not permitted to use any writing instruments,
such as a pen, marker, or pencil, during exam delivery.

 The proctor cannot answer questions related to exam content. If you have questions about
exam content, please contact Microsoft after completing the exam.

Facial comparison policy

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Topics covered in the Exam PL-300: Microsoft Power BI Data Analyst

Introduction

Microsoft has certification paths for many technical job roles. Earning these certifications consists of
requires passing a series of exams. Microsoft Power BI Analyst professional certificate, including this
course, is designed to help you prepare for Exam PL-300: Microsoft Power BI Data Analyst.

In this reading, you’ll review a summary of the topics the exam might cover and an updated list of
skills measured. Note: The exams are updated at least periodically. The information covered in this
reading refers to the English version updated on August 22, 2023.

Audience profile

Candidates for this exam are aspiring Power BI data analysts. You should be interested in delivering
actionable insights by working with available data and applying domain expertise. The knowledge
and skills obtained are designed to prepare you to:

 Provide meaningful business value through easy-to-comprehend data visualizations.

 Enable others to perform self-service analytics.

 Deploy and configure solutions for consumption.

Power BI data analysts work closely with business stakeholders to identify business requirements.
They collaborate with enterprise data analysts and data engineers to identify and acquire data. In
particular, they use Microsoft Power BI to:

 Clean and transform data

 Create data models

  Visualize data

 Share assets

Knowledge requirements

To succeed in Exam PL-300, you should be proficient at using Power Query and writing expressions
using Data Analysis Expressions (DAX). You should also understand data security, including row-level
security and data sensitivity.

Exam categories

This exam measures your ability to accomplish the following technical tasks:

 Prepare data

 Model data

 Visualize and analyze data

 Deploy and maintain assets

When you have completed the Microsoft Power BI Analyst professional certificate, you will have
covered all these topics. The table below provides a breakdown of the percentage of exam questions
relating to each category.

Category Percentage of exam questions

Prepare the data 25–30%

Model the data 25–30%

Visualize and analyze the data 25–30%

Deploy and maintain assets 15–20%

The higher the percentage, the more questions that specific section of the exam will contain. For
example, Prepare the data will account for 25-30% of the questions you might encounter on the
exam.

Note: Most questions cover features that are general availability (GA). The exam may contain
questions on preview features if those features are commonly used. Preview features are features
that aren't complete but are made available on a preview basis so that customers can get early
access and provide feedback. You can explore the following Microsoft Learn resources to discover
more about opting into preview features and what preview features are available.

Now that you know the main categories the exam will cover, let’s outline the specific skills in each
category and how they will be assessed. Related topics to the bulleted lists may also be covered in
the exam.

Prepare data

Get data from data sources

 Identify and connect to a data source.

 Change data source settings, including credentials, privacy levels, and data source locations.
  Select a shared dataset or create a local dataset.

 Choose between DirectQuery, Import, and Dual mode.

 Change the value in a parameter.

Clean data

 Evaluate data, including data statistics and column properties.

 Resolve inconsistencies, unexpected or null values, and data quality issues.

 Resolve data import errors.

Transform and load data

 Select appropriate column data types.

 Create and transform columns.

 Transform a query.

 Design a star schema that contains facts and dimensions.

 Identify when to use reference or duplicate queries and the resulting impact.

 Merge and append queries.

 Identify and create appropriate keys for relationships.

 Configure data loading for queries.

Model data

Design and implement a data model

 Configure table and column properties.

 Implement role-playing dimensions.

 Define a relationship's cardinality and cross-filter direction.

 Create a common date table.

 Implement row-level security roles.

Create model calculations by using DAX

 Create single aggregation measures.

 Use CALCULATE to manipulate filters.

 Implement time intelligence measures.

 Identify implicit measures and replace them with explicit measures.

 Use basic statistical functions.

 Create semi-additive measures.

 Create a measure by using quick measures.

  Create calculated tables.

Optimize model performance

 Improve performance by identifying and removing unnecessary rows and columns.

 Identify poorly performing measures, relationships, and visuals by using Performance

Analyzer.

 Improve performance by choosing optimal data types.

 Improve performance by summarizing data.

Visualize and analyze data

Create reports

 Identify and implement appropriate visualizations.

 Format and configure visualizations.

 Use a custom visual.

 Apply and customize a theme.

 Configure conditional formatting.

 Apply slicing and filtering.

 Configure the report page.

 Use the Analyze in Excel feature.

 Choose when to use a paginated report.

Enhance reports for usability and storytelling

 Configure bookmarks.

 Create custom tooltips.

 Edit and configure interactions between visuals.

 Configure navigation for a report.

 Apply sorting.

 Configure sync slicers.

 Group and layer visuals by using the Selection pane.

 Drill down into data using interactive visuals.

 Configure export of report content and perform an export.

 Design reports for mobile devices

 Incorporate the Q&A feature in a report.

Identify patterns and trends

  Use the Analyze feature in Power BI.

 Use grouping, binning, and clustering.

 Use AI visuals.

 Use reference lines, error bars, and forecasting.

 Detect outliers and anomalies.

 Create and share scorecards and metrics.

Deploy and maintain assets

Create and manage workspaces and assets

 Create and configure a workspace.

 Assign workspace roles.

 Configure and update a workspace app.

 Publish, import, or update assets in a workspace.

 Create dashboards.

 Choose a distribution method.

 Apply sensitivity labels to workspace content.

 Configure subscriptions and data alerts.

 Promote or certify Power BI content.

 Manage global options for files.

Manage datasets

 Identify when a gateway is required.

 Configure a dataset scheduled refresh.

 Configure row-level security group membership.

 Provide access to datasets.

Study guide

The study guide for Exam PL-300: Microsoft Power BI Data Analyst provides additional guidance with
a summary of the exam topics, along with links to resources. The information and materials in this
document should help you focus your studies as you prepare for the exam.

Conclusion

This reading allowed you to take stock of the knowledge you’ve gained during this program and how
it helps you prepare for certification. By working through the categories and skills listed in this
reading, you should now have a clear picture of what to expect from Exam PL-300.

Good luck with your preparation!

Testing strategy

Introduction

A successful exam with a good grade is achievable if you are well-prepared and practice some basic
strategies. As with all exams, different assessments may require different strategies. In this reading,
you will review key strategies to maximize your chances of passing Exam PL-300: Microsoft Power BI
Data Analyst. The PL-300 exam is a crucial step for individuals looking to establish their foundational
knowledge of Microsoft Power BI. As with any certification exam, a solid test-taking strategy can
significantly enhance your chances of success.

Review the Microsoft PL-300 exam objectives

After completing this course's content, test your knowledge to determine whether you have fully
understood the exam objectives. This will give you a clear idea of what topics and skills are covered
in the exam. Microsoft provides a detailed exam skills outline highlighting the key areas of knowledge
the exam will assess. Break down these objectives into smaller sections and allocate your study time
accordingly.

Allocating study time

Once you've broken down the objectives into smaller sections, it's time to allocate your study time
wisely. Here's a suggested approach:

Initial assessment

Spend a few hours assessing your familiarity with each section. Identify your strengths and
weaknesses to prioritize your study efforts.

Time allocation

Divide your study time proportionally based on the weighting of each section. Allocate more time to
sections with higher percentages and less to sections with lower percentages.

Study sessions

Organize your study sessions into focused blocks, such as 60-90 minutes, followed by a short break.
Rotate between different sections to maintain variety and prevent burnout.

Practice

For technical topics, hands-on practice is invaluable. Allocate time for experimenting with Power BI
and working through the scenarios.

Review and reassess

Regularly review your progress and adjust your study plan as needed. Focus more on areas where
you're struggling and revisit sections you've already covered to reinforce your understanding.

Mock exams

Towards the end of your study period, take practice exams to evaluate your readiness. Use these
exams to identify areas that still need improvement.

Example study schedule

Let's review an example of a study schedule for allocating time to each objective based on the
provided weightings. The example is based on four weeks of study time.

Days Study Goal Not

Week 1 Prepare the data 25-3

Days 1-2 Get data from data sources

Days 3-4 Clean the data

Days 5-6 Transform and load the data

Week 2 Model the data 25-3

Days 7-9 Design and implement a data model

Days 10-12 Create model calculations by using DAX

Days 13-14 Optimize model performance

Week 3 Visualize and analyze the data 25-3

Days 15-17 Create reports

Days 18-20 Enhance reports for usability and storytelling

Days 21-22 Identify patterns and trends

Week 4 Deploy and maintain assets 15-2

Days 23-25 Create and manage workspaces and assets

Days 26-28 Manage datasets

By following this example study schedule, you can effectively allocate time to each objective while
ensuring you have ample time for review, practice, and simulated exams. Remember that the time
allocation can vary based on your existing knowledge, learning pace, and study preferences. The key
is to maintain consistency and adjust the schedule as needed to make the most of your study time.

Review the study guide for the PL-300 Exam

The PL-300 study guide will help you understand what to expect on the exam and include a summary
of the topics the exam covers, with links to additional resources. It also includes study resources as
well as links to documentation, community sites, and exam prep videos. The information and
materials in the study guide will help you focus your studies as you prepare for the exam.

Practice exams

You have taken practice, ungraded, and graded quizzes throughout this program. These are
specifically designed to help you monitor your progress while preparing you for the real exam. Later
in this course, you will take two mock exams; each focusing on the topics and key concepts covered
in the previous courses and the skills measured in the PL-300 proctored exam. Remember that you
can review any lesson at any time for revision. One of the best preparations you can make is taking a
practice test before the exam. This way, you can monitor your progress and identify the areas
requiring more study or attention.
You've worked hard to prepare for your Microsoft Certification exam. Build on that solid foundation
and help boost your confidence and readiness by adding practice exams to your study strategy. These
mock exams are intended to provide an overview of the style, wording, and difficulty of the
questions that you are likely to experience on this exam. The questions and length of time of the
mock exam offer an overview of the style, wording, and difficulty of the questions you're likely to
experience on the exam. These questions provide insight into what to expect on the exam and help
you determine if additional preparation is required. Exam time varies based on the type of exam you
take.

Exam duration

The number of questions on a certification exam is subject to change as Microsoft updates these to
ensure they align with current technology and job role changes. Most Microsoft Certification exams
typically contain between 40-60 questions totaling 120 minutes; however, the number can vary
depending on the exam.

Exam question types

To protect exam security, Microsoft does not specify exam formats or question types before the
exam. Microsoft continually introduces innovative testing technologies and question types and
reserves the right to incorporate either into exams at any time without advance notice.

The exam may contain any of the following question types:

 Active screen

 Best answer

 Build list

 Case studies

 Drag and drop

 Hot area

 Multiple choice

 Repeated answer choices

 Short answer

 Labs

 Mark review

 Review screen

For more information on the exam question types and to view sample questions, you can review this
Microsoft Learn article.

Strategy for answering exam questions

 Keep calm and read the entire question before checking the answer options. Students often
choose the wrong option because they have misread the question.
  If there are multiple answer options, try eliminating answers you know are 100 percent
incorrect. By using this process of elimination, you can cross out all the incorrect answers.
This visual approach will help you focus on the remaining answers, which will help you find
the right answer.

 If you are unsure of one or more possible answers, try to find the best answer to the
question being asked. This may not always be the answer that seems most correct in
isolation.

 Make sure to read every answer option before choosing a final answer. A common mistake
that students make is to rush and pick the first answer that sounds right without reading all
of the available options.

 If you're having difficulty with a question, move on and return after you have answered all
the questions you know. Remember to play the percentage game. Try not to spend too much
time on only one question, which could leave you short time for the rest. You want to make
sure you have enough time to attempt all questions.

 Try to leave some time to review your answers. Depending on the question format, you may
not be able to change your answer, but for those you can, you want to ensure you have
answered them correctly.

 During this review, you may be tempted to second-guess yourself at times and change your
answer. While this can work in certain circumstances, it can be counterproductive. Be careful
and try to trust your instincts. Once again, be aware that some answers cannot be changed
depending on the question format.

 The PL-300 does not employ negative marking, meaning that you will not be penalized for
making an incorrect guess. If you are unsure of a question, try and make the best-educated
guess possible. Try to apply your existing Azure logic from what you know and pick the best
possible answer. If you’d like to learn more about how the PL-300 exam is scored, you can
check out this Microsoft Learn article.

 Be aware that some questions will apply partial marking as there may be more than one
correct answer required.

Conclusion

Preparing for a Microsoft Certification involves careful planning and focused effort. By breaking down
the exam objectives into smaller sections and allocating your study time accordingly, you can
effectively master the Power BI topics you will focus on in the exam. Remember that consistency,
hands-on practice, and a strategic study plan will significantly enhance your chances of success. By
obtaining the Microsoft PL-300 Certification, you unlock various career opportunities, enhance your
knowledge and skills, and build a competitive edge in the job market. For additional information on
preparing for the Microsoft Fundamentals exam, you can review the Microsoft Exam Readiness Zone.
Good luck on your certification journey!

Connectors in Power BI
Introduction

Integrating and analyzing information from various sources is crucial to creating insightful business
analytics and reports. Power BI connectors play an important role by connecting these data sources
to Power BI. In this reading, you’ll explore some examples of Power BI connectors and discover how
they can be used to generate insights.

Adventure Works and Power BI data connectors

Adventure Works’ various departments each generate substantial volumes of data, all of which are
sourced through a wide variety of different management systems. The primary challenge in this
context is integrating this diverse, department-specific data into a unified format for comprehensive
analysis and reporting.

The business analytics team at Adventure Works is tasked with devising a solution to connect these
varied data sources to create insightful reports to help stakeholders make informed decisions. Let’s
learn more about connectors and how Adventure Works can use them.

Power BI data connectors

Power BI data connectors are the interfaces or tools used in Power BI to connect to various data
sources. They enable users to import data into Power BI from various external sources, such as
databases, online services, and local files. These connectors simplify the data ingestion process and
ensure that Power BI can interact with different data sources effectively.

Some of the most common Power BI data connectors are outlined in the table below:

SQL Server Connects to Microsoft SQL Server databases, allowing users to import data from SQL databases i
BI.

Excel Enables the import of data from Excel files. This is particularly useful for businesses that store data
spreadsheets.

SharePoint Provides connectivity to SharePoint lists, enabling users to use SharePoint data for their analytics a
in Power BI.

Azure SQL Connects to Azure's cloud-based SQL database, allowing users to access and analyze data stored in
Database

Google Analytics Allows users to import data from Google Analytics, which is useful for analyzing website traffic and
digital analytics data.

Salesforce Connects to Salesforce to allow the import of sales and customer data into Power BI for more deta
analysis.

Dynamics 365 Connecting to Microsoft Dynamics 365 CRM enables users to create reports and analyze data from
365 applications.

MySQL Database Connects to MySQL databases, a popular open-source database, especially used in web application

Oracle Database Allows connections to Oracle databases widely used in enterprise environments.

CSV Files Enables users to import data from CSV (Comma Separated Values) files, a common format for expo
sharing data.
These connectors are integral to Power BI. They enable Power BI users to work with diverse data
sources for analysis and business intelligence. You can visit Microsoft Learn to discover more about
the available connectors for Power BI.

Office 365 Power BI data connectors

The Office 365 Power BI data connector specifically allows you to connect to data sources within the
Office 365 ecosystem. Some examples of Office 365 Power BI data connectors include:

 SharePoint Online

 Excel Online

 OneDrive for Business

 and Exchange Online services.

You can use the data connector to extract data from these sources directly into Power BI for analysis
and visualization. Once connected, you can create interactive reports, dashboards, and visualizations
using the data from Office 365. This enables you to gain insights and make data-driven decisions
based on the information stored within your Office 365 environment.

Adventure Works and Power BI connectors

There are many different types of connectors that Adventure Works can make use of to ingest data,
depending on where the data is sourced from. Explore these different types of connectors below.

Excel Online connector

Adventure Works maintains various Excel workbooks containing important business data, including
sales forecasts, financial reports, and marketing campaign analytics.

Adventure Works can connect directly to its Excel workbooks stored in OneDrive for Business or
SharePoint Online using the Excel Online data connector.

The company can extract data from specific worksheets or ranges, perform data modeling and
transformations within Power BI, and create dynamic visualizations and reports based on the latest
Excel data.

You can visit the Microsoft Learn article on Excel connectors for Power BI to learn more.

SharePoint Online connector

Adventure Works uses SharePoint Online to manage its product inventory, sales data, and customer
information.

With the SharePoint Online data connector in Power BI, Adventure Works can easily connect to its
SharePoint lists and libraries, extract relevant data, and visualize it in Power BI dashboards and
reports.

The company can also monitor key performance indicators (KPIs) in real-time such as product sales,
inventory levels, and customer satisfaction metrics.

Visit Microsoft Learn to explore the process steps for connecting a SharePoint Online list from Power
BI.

Azure SQL connector

Adventure Works has implemented Azure SQL Database as its primary data storage solution. It uses
this solution to store transactional data, customer information, and other critical business data.

By leveraging the Azure SQL Connector, Adventure Works can visualize key metrics such as total sales
revenue, sales quantity, average order value, and regional sales distribution.

It can also slice and dice the data based on various dimensions like product category, sales channel,
and customer segments to identify top-selling products, high-value customers, and emerging market
trends.

Microsoft Learn provides a comprehensive guide to connecting Azure SQL database from Power BI.

Exchange Online connector

Adventure Works uses the Exchange Online data connector to extract data related to email activities,
such as email volume, response times, resolution rates, and email traffic patterns.

The company creates a real-time email performance dashboard in Power BI, which provides
visualizations and metrics to track these data sources and overall email system performance. This
helps Adventure Works identify bottle necks or issues affecting their customer communication and
support processes.

You can visit Microsoft Learn to explore how Power BI connects to Exchange Servers.

Conclusion

Power BI connectors are essential for combining data like sales numbers, customer feedback, and
financial stats from different places. Whether it's pulling info from Excel, SharePoint, Azure Database,
Dynamics CRM, or Exchange Server, these connectors ensure everything can be imported into Power
BI to work smoothly.

Shared dataset or local dataset

Introduction

When working with multiple data sources, keeping track of the sources can become burdensome. To
complicate matters further, as you begin collaborating with other data analysts and more
departments, data can be duplicated, copied, and shared across multiple devices. This has the
potential to lead to inaccuracies and inconsistencies in reports. There is no one source of truth to the
data. Fortunately, Microsoft Power BI has a solution to this problem—datasets.

In this reading, you'll explore how to set up a shared dataset, the difference between local and
shared datasets, and when shared datasets are suitable for different business scenarios.
What are datasets?

Power BI datasets represent a source of data ready for reporting and visualization. You can create
Power BI datasets in the following ways:

 Connect to an existing data model not hosted in Power BI, such as a SQL database.

 Upload a Power BI Desktop file that contains a model to Power BI Service.

 Upload an Excel workbook that contains one or more Excel tables and/or a workbook data
model, or upload a comma-separated values (CSV) file to Power BI Service.

 Use the Power BI service to create a dataset.

Datasets allow you to group data into a single repository. The dataset can then act as a single source
of truth for reporting.

Now, let's explore the differences between local and shared datasets.

Local datasets

Many businesses operate local datasets, sometimes in the form of local files but more often in the
form of SQL databases running on in-house servers. There are many advantages and disadvantages
to consider when working with local datasets.

Data control

As the owner, local datasets offer the business total control of the data. This makes the dataset more
secure since it is not accessible to anyone outside the organization.

Access speed

Storing a dataset on a local computer or server allows data to be accessed more quickly. Data
transfer speed is higher when using local storage. Storing data on local devices eliminates the need
for accessing the internet, which can take time, and removes the limitations imposed by the
bandwidth constraints of the internet service provider.

Limited access

If your team works remotely, accessing a local dataset can be problematic if they are not on your
local device. An IT department will often be required to establish a way to access the internal
network securely. This presents potential security issues and introduces access speed considerations.
For executives who may be traveling, this could present issues in accessing dashboards needed for
strategic decisions.

Scalability issues

Local datasets offer limited storage capacity based on the purchased computer or server hardware. If
the business works with large datasets, this may present scalability issues. For example, if working
with historical sales data, the business may be required to reduce the amount of historical data kept,
making it more challenging to extract projections using AI forecasting.

Shared datasets

As an organization scales, especially with multiple office locations, remote workers, and business
executives traveling worldwide, shared datasets become a crucial part of the business. Having one
source of truth for reporting allows stakeholders to be aligned in decision-making based on data
insights. There are several factors to consider when utilizing shared datasets.

Data control and governance

Dataset governance is the ability to control and manage the use of shared datasets in Power BI
workspaces. It involves setting permissions and access levels and ensuring that datasets are properly
managed and maintained for accuracy and consistency in reporting.

Access speed

One consideration to take into account for shared datasets is internet connectivity and data transfer
speed, which may slow down access to the reports and dashboards that utilize the shared datasets.
Time should be allocated to optimizing visualizations and reports to reduce the amount of data that
needs to be transferred from the cloud to the local device.

Remote access

Multiple individuals or organizations can access shared datasets, making collaboration and data
sharing easier. For remote teams and executives on the go, accessing reports and dashboards while
out of the office helps to ensure correct and strategic decision-making.

Scalability

If data sources and datasets are cloud-hosted, cloud resources can be used to perform complex
calculations without worrying about the limited capacity of local devices. Furthermore, shared
datasets in Power BI unlock the ability to build reports on top of existing published datasets within
the organization. This eliminates the need to create a separate data model, saving time and effort.
Multiple users can access and modify the same dataset, promoting collaboration and efficiency.

Conclusion

Datasets are a powerful tool to ensure the consistency, standardization, and accuracy of data. As a
business grows, maintaining datasets becomes increasingly important for business intelligence.
Without accurate reporting, stakeholders may make incorrect decisions that negatively impact the
business. As you establish datasets in an organization, ensure that time is invested into the
maintenance and auditing of datasets and what they contain to ensure continued business success.

Activity: Set up a data source

Introduction

So far, you’ve reviewed data sources and the different storage modes available to you in Microsoft
Power BI. You’ll now apply the knowledge you’ve gained to create a new project, connect to a
Microsoft Excel data source, and inspect the imported data.

Case study
It’s the end of the financial year at Adventure Works, and the sales director wants to analyze how
different resellers are performing. Maintaining a strong reseller network is important for boosting
sales throughout the year. The sales data for the year has been received from the sales management
system. You’ve been tasked with loading the sales data into Power BI to begin analyzing the
performance of the business.

Instructions

Step 1: Connect to the data source

1. Download the AdventureWorksSales.xlsx dataset.

AdventureWorksSales

XLSX File

1. Open Power BI and create a new project.

1. On the Home tab of the ribbon, select Get data and choose Excel workbook.
 1. When the file browser opens, select the AdventureWorksSales.xlsx file followed by Open.

Step 2: Inspect the data in the Power Query Editor

1. In the Navigator window, select the following sheets:

o Customer

o Date

o Product

o Reseller
 o Sales

o SalesOrder

o SalesTerritory

2. Select the Transform Data button to load the data into the Power Query Editor.

Step 3: Load the data and inspect in the Table view

1. When the Power Query Editor opens, inspect the data in each of the tables.

1. In the top-left corner of the Power Query Editor, select Close & Apply.
 1. Once Power BI has finished loading the data, open the Table view, also referred to as the
Data view. Inspect the data in each of the tables.

1. Save the project to your computer.

Conclusion

By completing this activity, you loaded the Adventure Works sales data into Power BI using the Excel
worksheet connector. This is the first step for Adventure Works in their data analysis process. As they
continue through the process, new insights will be unlocked, highlighting potential problem areas
and new opportunities. As the organization grows, more connectors may be utilized to introduce
additional relevant data and enhance insights further.
Managing data sources

Introduction

You’re a data analyst at a vehicle manufacturing company, and your day-to-day involves navigating
through a maze of data: sales metrics streaming in from a CRM (Customer Relationship
Management) platform, a flow of customer engagement data from social media channels, and
financial records from accounting systems. However, the sales data you're analyzing is unexpectedly
outdated, leading to skewed insights. Even more daunting is the responsibility of safeguarding
sensitive financial information, ensuring it doesn't fall into the wrong hands. This is where your
expertise in managing Microsoft Power BI's data sources becomes indispensable.

Learning objectives

This reading aims to assist you in understanding how to change data source settings, organize data
sources into groups, and manage data source permissions in Power BI. By the end of this reading,
you will know how to streamline your workflow by effectively grouping data sources in Power Query.
Additionally, you'll gain insights into safeguarding sensitive information by managing dataset
permissions, ensuring that data security and compliance are maintained.

Managing data sources

Changing data source settings

Amid your analysis, you discover that the CRM platform has been recently updated, but the
connection in Power BI is still linked to the old version. This misalignment has resulted in outdated
sales metrics being pulled into your reports. By accessing Power BI's Data source settings, you can
quickly update the connection details to align with the new CRM system. Let’s dive into how this
works:

1. First, start by launching Power BI Desktop on your computer. Next, select File in the top-left corner
of the screen.

2. In the dropdown menu, hover over Options and settings, and then select Data source settings.
3. A new window titled Data source settings will appear. Here, you can view a list of all the data
sources currently used in your Power BI reports. Select the data source you wish to change.

4. After selecting the data source, select Change Source... to modify its details. If it’s a database, for
instance, you might need to enter a new server name or database name. If it’s a file like an Excel
spreadsheet, you might need to browse to a new file location. The ability to change data source
settings in Power BI is vital for maintaining the accuracy and relevance of your data analysis.

5. Once you’ve made the necessary changes, select OK to confirm. Power BI will then validate the
new connection. This immediate action corrects the data discrepancy, ensuring that your sales
analysis is based on the latest data, thus, preventing any erroneous business strategies that might
have been formulated based on outdated information.
Grouping data sources

Next, as you juggle between various types of data, you find that the financial records are getting
mixed up with customer engagement data, causing significant delays in your analysis process. To
address this, you turn to Power BI’s robust organizational capabilities, particularly the grouping
feature in Power Query. Grouping in Power Query is a fundamental aspect of effective data
management. This feature allows you to categorize data in a way that aligns with your analytical
objectives. Understanding its importance, you initiate the process of grouping your data sources.

1. Firstly, navigate to the Home tab in the ribbon in Power BI Desktop. Select Transform Data which
opens the Power Query Editor. In Power Query Editor, you'll see a list of queries (datasets) on the
left-hand side.
2. Right-click in the blank space or on any query in the Queries pane on the left side.

3. Select New Group from the context menu. This option allows you to create a new group (folder) to
organize your queries.

4. Next, a dialog box will appear, prompting you to name your new group. For example, you could
name it Sales Data or Customer Engagement based on the type of queries you plan to group.

5. To add queries to your newly created group, simply drag and drop them into the group.

6. You can also right-click on a query, select Move To Group, and then choose the appropriate group,
in this case, Sales Data.
7. In the Queries pane, The Sales table is now present in the Sales Data group. By categorizing data
sources like this, you not only streamline your workflow but also make it easier for your team to
access the right data, enhancing collaboration and efficiency in your data analysis tasks.

Managing data source permissions

Finally, the financial data you handle includes sensitive information about company expenses and
revenue, which is not meant for wide circulation within the company. Realizing the risk of
unauthorized access, you use Power BI's Manage permissions feature to restrict access to this
dataset.

1. Permission management is available in Power BI Service, so start by logging into your Power BI
account on the web.
2. In your workspace, locate the dataset for which you want to manage permissions. Hover over the
dataset and select the More options ellipsis.

3. In the dropdown menu, select Manage permissions. This will open a new window.

4. A list of users who currently have access to the dataset is listed in the Manage permissions
window.
5. By selecting the ellipsis icon on a record, you can set each user's access level–either Add Reshare,
Add Build, Add Write, or Remove Access.

6. By selecting Remove Access on records, you’re controlling access to data at various levels. You can
ensure that sensitive information is only accessible to authorized personnel, aligning with data
security and compliance regulations.
7. After adjusting the permissions as needed, the changes are applied automatically. This careful
management of permissions not only safeguards confidential information but also ensures that each
team member has the appropriate level of access, maintaining the security and integrity of your
company’s financial data.

Conclusion

Your journey in Power BI is more than a series of tasks; it's a narrative of problem-solving, innovation,
and responsibility. As you continue to navigate through the ever-evolving landscape of data,
remember that each challenge is an opportunity to showcase your expertise, make a difference, and
contribute to the strategic decisions that drive companies forward. Stand proud in your role as a data
analyst, for your work with Power BI is not just about managing data; it's about shaping the future!

Microsoft Dataverse

Introduction
As you progress as a data analyst, you may need to decide whether Dataflows in Microsoft Power BI
or Microsoft Dataverse is more suitable for an organization. Both enable the data analysis process,
but which is more suitable depends on the organization's needs. In this reading, you'll revisit what
Microsoft Dataverse is and how it compares to Dataflows in Power BI.

What is Microsoft Dataverse?

Microsoft Dataverse lets you securely store and manage data used by business applications. Data
within Dataverse is stored within a set of tables. A table is a set of rows (formerly referred to as
records) and columns (formerly referred to as fields or attributes). Each column in the table is
designed to store a certain type of data, for example, name, age, salary, and so on. Dataverse
includes a base set of standard tables that cover typical scenarios. However, you can also create
custom tables specific to your organization and populate them with data using Power Query. App
makers can then use Power Apps to build rich applications that use this data.

Why use Microsoft Dataverse?

Standard and custom tables within Dataverse provide a secure and cloud-based storage option for
your data. Tables let you create a business-focused definition of your organization's data for use
within apps. If you're not sure whether tables are your best option, consider these benefits:

 Easy to manage: Both the metadata and data are stored in the cloud. You don't need to
worry about the details of how they're stored.

 Easy to secure: Data is securely stored, so users can view it only if you grant them access.
Role-based security allows you to control access to tables for different users within your
organization.

 Access your Microsoft Dynamics 365 data: Data from your Dynamics 365 applications is also
stored within Dataverse, allowing you to quickly build apps that use your Dynamics 365 data
and extend your apps with Power Apps.

 Rich metadata: Data types and relationships are used directly within Power Apps.

 Productivity tools: Tables are available within the add-ins for Microsoft Excel to increase
productivity and ensure data accessibility.

 Logic and validation: You can define calculated columns, business rules, workflows, and
process flows to ensure data quality and drive business processes. Tables within Dataverse
can take advantage of rich server-side logic and validation to ensure data quality and reduce
repetitive code in each app that creates and uses data within a table. The following examples
illustrate the different ways you can implement logic and validation:

o Business rules validate data across multiple columns and tables and provide warning and
error messages, regardless of the app used to create the data.

o Business process flows guide users to ensure they enter data consistently and follow the
same steps every time. Business process flows are currently only supported for model-driven
apps.

o Workflows allow you to automate business processes without user interaction.

o Business logic with code supports advanced developer scenarios to extend the application
directly through code.
Power BI Dataverse connector

The following connector, templates, and features make it easy to visualize and analyze Microsoft
Dataverse data or the Dynamics 365 Sales and Dynamics 365 Customer Service apps data with Power
BI.

 Dataverse connector: Dataverse allows you to connect directly to your data using Power BI
Desktop to create reports and publish them to Power BI. From Power BI, you can use reports
in dashboards, share them with other users, and access them cross-platform on Power BI
mobile apps. This connector is the most recent version and uses the tabular data stream
(TDS) protocol.

 Common Data Service (legacy) connector: This is the earlier version of the connector. Use
this connector when the query results will be greater than 80 MB. This version also supports
paging of the query results and building reports that use the image data type.

 Dataflow templates: Dataflows help organizations unify data from disparate sources and
prepare it for consumption. You can easily create dataflows using familiar, self-service tools
to ingest, transform, integrate, and enrich big data. Once you create a dataflow in Power
Apps, you can get data from it using the Common Data Service connector or Power BI
Desktop Dataflow connector.

 Power BI template apps: Power BI template apps are integrated packages of pre-built Power
BI dashboards and reports.

 Embed Power BI reports on a form: You can use Power BI reports in Microsoft Power Apps
model-driven apps to bring rich reporting and analytics to your system forms and empower
your users to accomplish more.

 Embed Power BI reports on a system dashboard: You can add Power BI reports to Power BI
Embedded dashboards.

 Tabular Data Stream (TDS) endpoint: Use the TDS endpoint for Dataverse to view table data
in Power BI Desktop.

Dataflows vs Dataverse

Dataflows in Power BI Service allow you to create reusable transformation logic that can be shared
by many datasets and reports inside Power BI. Dataflows promote the reusability of underlying data
elements, preventing the need to create separate connections with your cloud or on-premises data
sources. For small to medium-sized organizations, Dataflows are a perfect solution for building
shared datasets that act as a single source of truth.

Microsoft Dataverse supports a large feature set and is more suited for datasets that will need to be
updated by users via Microsoft Power Apps. For large organizations with massive volumes of data
from multiple data sources that are continuously updated internally and/or externally, Dataverse's
logic and validation features will ensure a consistent, accurate, and validated dataset for data
analysis.

Conclusion

Microsoft Dataverse allows organizations to build complex logic-driven applications and datasets in
the cloud. As a data analyst, it is important to consider the needs of an organization and whether a
dataflow will meet its needs or if a more advanced data platform such as Microsoft Dataverse will
unlock new business insights and outcomes.

In-depth: Get data from data sources

Introduction

By completing this lesson, you’ve prepared for the data sources section of the PL-300 exam. If you’d
like to delve deeper into the topics you’ve covered, the following lessons in previous courses from
the Microsoft Power BI Analyst Professional Certificate program provide additional details and
insights.

Data Sources in Power BI

Basic data sources

In Extract Transform and load data in Power BI you can review the lesson Basic Data Sources. In this
lesson, you can explore the data sources supported by Microsoft Power BI, how to connect to them,
and configure their storage modes

Advanced data sources

The Advanced data sources lesson in Extract Transform and load data in Power BI will help you to
understand the difference between structured and unstructured data. You can also re-examine how
to use triggers and actions to refresh data from different connectors.

Advanced queries

You can revise the best practices for importing datasets and explore query parameters further in
Advanced Queries in Extract Transform and load data in Power BI .

Deploying Assets

Datasets and gateways

Refresh your knowledge on how to configure datasets and schedule refreshes in Power BI Service in
the Datasets and gateways lesson in week two of Deploy and Maintain Power BI Assets and
Capstone Project. This lesson also explores how to connect in-house data sources to datasets using
gateways.

Conclusion

By exploring topics in-depth and mastering your learning, you’ll equip yourself to succeed not only
with the PL-300 exam but also in your career as a data analyst.

Additional resources: Get data from data sources

Introduction

In this lesson, you prepared for the PL-300 exam by connecting to data sources and dataflows,
configuring storage modes, and utilizing query parameters to optimize DirectQuery. For more
information on these topics and to enhance your readiness, this reading contains links to valuable
resources from the Microsoft Learn site to explore.

Data source connectors

In Microsoft Power BI Desktop, there are many data source connectors available. Explore this
comprehensive guide to data sources in Power BI to learn what connectors are available to you in the
latest version of the app.

Data sources in Power BI Service

Additional data sources are supported in Power BI Service. If you are interested in the complete list
of data sources supported in Power BI Service, you can refer to this article on the Microsoft Learn
site.

Limitations of data sources

Some data sources have limitations and other factors that you should take into consideration when
planning your data analysis.

Data refresh

For some data sources, you may need to refresh your data. Data refresh in Power BI provides step-
by-step instructions on how to configure data refresh, as ell as information on scheduling data
refreshes and troubleshooting common issues.

Power Query best practices

When working with data in Power Query, it is recommended to follow best practices to ensure a
smooth process and good user experience.

Data flows and datasets in Power BI Service

As an organization grows, utilizing data flows and datasets in Power BI Service can help reduce
duplication of data and ensure consistency of analysis by creating a single source of truth.

Conclusion

You’re on the path to successfully completing the PL-300 exam. Next, you’ll prepare for the profiling,
cleaning, and transforming data sections of the exam.
Activity: Analyze a dataset

Introduction

So far, you’ve reviewed how to evaluate data, data statistics, and column properties in Microsoft
Power BI. In this activity, you’ll apply your knowledge of data profiling to identify irregularities within
a dataset.

Case study

At Adventure Works, the warehouse team wants to analyze the current inventory range and stock
levels. They’ve provided you with a dataset but have notified you that there are currently issues with
their inventory system. As a data analyst, you know the importance of consistent and accurate data.
Therefore, you want to evaluate and inspect the data that the company provided you with.

Instructions

Step 1: Connect to the data source

1. Download the AdventureWorksAnalysis.xlsx dataset.

AdventureWorksAnalysis

XLSX File

1. Open Power BI and create a new project.

1. On the Home tab of the ribbon, select Get Data and choose Excel workbook.
 1. When the file browser opens, select the AdventureWorksAnalysis.xlsx file.

2. In the Navigator window, select the AdventureWorksAnalysis sheet, followed by Transform

Data.

Step 2: Inspect the data quality in the Power Query Editor

1. When the Power Query Editor opens, select the ProductID column and ensure it is set to the
Whole Number data type.
1. Then, go to the View tab in the ribbon menu. Enable Column quality and inspect the quality
values for the ProductName column. Note that 98% of values in the column are valid and
that 2% of values are empty.

1. Next, enable Column distribution. Inspect the distribution for the StockLevel column. Note
that there are 26 distinct values and 13 unique values. This means that there are 26 values
within this column for the dataset and that 13 of them only occur once.
 1. After that, enable Column profile. Inspect the profile of the StockLevel column. Note the
statistical information in the profile and that the maximum value is 1,200,000. The Adventure
Works warehouse cannot store this number of items, indicating an anomaly in the data.

1. In the top-left corner of the Power Query Editor, select Close & Apply. Save the project to
your computer.

Conclusion

Congratulations! You have successfully inspected the data quality using Power Query and identified
irregularities in the data. As a data analyst, monitoring data quality will help you ensure the accuracy
and consistency of data as you proceed through the data analysis process.
Activity: Resolve data import errors

Introduction

So far, you’ve revised how to resolve inconsistencies and data quality issues in Microsoft Power BI. In
this activity, you’ll apply your knowledge of the Power Query Editor to profile and resolve issues
before importing data.

Case study

At Adventure Works, the fulfillment team wants to conduct an analysis of recent orders. The team
manager has provided you with the dataset, and you’ve been tasked with importing it into Power BI.
Unfortunately, the team tracks orders manually in an Excel sheet, which has resulted in human error.
You need to evaluate the dataset and resolve errors before importing it into Power BI.

Instructions

Step 1: Connect to the data source

1. Download the AdventureWorksOrders.xlsx dataset.

AdventureWorksOrders

XLSX File

1. Open Power BI and create a new project.

1. On the Home tab of the ribbon, select Get Data and choose Excel workbook.
 1. When the file browser opens, select the AdventureWorksOrders.xlsx file.

2. In the Navigator window, select the AdventureWorksOrders sheet, followed by Transform

Data.

Step 2: Remove null values

1. When the Power Query Editor opens, go to the View tab in the ribbon menu. Enable Column
quality and inspect the quality values for the Order Quantity column. Note that 6% of the
values are empty, i.e., null.
1. The fulfillment team has informed you that the empty values were caused by human error
and should be replaced with a value of 1. Right-click one of the null values in the column or
the column itself, and select Replace Values.

1. In the Replace Values prompt, enter null as the Value To Find and 1 as the value to Replace
With. Select OK and the Power Query Editor updates with the null values replaced.
 1. Note that a new Replaced Value step has been added to the Applied Steps list.

Step 3: Fix data errors in the Order Date column

1. Select the Order Date column.

2. Navigate to the Home tab in the ribbon menu and check the Data Type for the column. It is
currently set to Any, which is incorrect. Change the data type to Date. This will add a new
Change Type1 step to the Applied Steps list. Note that the column now shows error values.
This is due to human error for some values in this column.
1. The fulfillment team has informed you that these error values should be 05/03/2023. In the
ribbon menu, navigate to the Transform tab.

2. Select the dropdown arrow beside Replace Values and select Replace Errors.

1. In the Replace Errors prompt, enter 05/03/2023 as the Value. Select OK, and the Power
Query Editor updates the values.
 1. Note that a new Replaced Errors step has been added to the Applied Steps list.

Step 4: Fix data errors in the Order Total column

1. Select the Order Total column. Navigate to the Home tab in the ribbon menu and check the
Data Type for the column. Again, the column data type is set to Any, which is incorrect.
1. Change the data type to Whole Number. This will add a new step, Change Type2, to the
Applied Steps list. Again, the column shows error values. This is due to one of the order
totals being entered as Three Thousand instead of the number 3000.

1. In the ribbon menu, navigate to the Transform tab. Again, select the dropdown arrow beside
Replace Values and select Replace Errors. In the Replace Errors prompt, enter 3000 as the
Value.
 1. Select OK, and the Power Query Editor will update. Note that a new Replaced Errors1 step
has been added to the Applied Steps list.

Step 5: Import the data

1. Navigate to the Home tab in the ribbon menu and select Close & Apply. Power BI will
process the data and successfully complete the import.
 1. Save your project and close Power BI.

Conclusion

Congratulations! You have successfully resolved data import errors using the Power Query Editor. The
data is now ready to be analyzed in Power BI. Working with error-free data is important to a
successful data analysis process.

In-depth: Profiling and cleaning data

Introduction

By completing this lesson, you’ve prepared yourself for the profiling and cleaning section of the PL-
300 exam. If you wish to delve deeper into the topics covered in this lesson, the following content in
previous courses in the Microsoft Power BI Analyst Professional Certificate can provide additional
details and insights.

Advanced ETL In Power BI

Loading data with Power BI

The staging area is an important part of the ETL process. You can learn about this in more detail in
Loading data with Power BI in week 3 of Extract, Transform and Load Data. You can review why the
staging area is an important part of the ETL process and how this is implemented in Power BI.

Data profiling in Power BI

Explore Power BI’s data profiling tools in the lesson Data profiling in Power BI in Extract, Transform
and Load Data. This lesson examines the profiling tools in-depth and explains how to utilize them to
evaluate your data.

Transforming Data in Power BI

Introduction to transforming data in Power BI

The lesson Introduction to Transforming data in Power BI in week 2 of Extract, Transform and Load
Data demonstrates how to identify column data types. It explains the Applied Steps list, and
describes common data errors that occur while working in Power Query.

Conclusion

By exploring topics in-depth and mastering your learning, you’ll equip yourself to succeed not only
with the PL-300 exam but also in your career as a data analyst.

Additional resources: Profiling and cleaning data

Introduction

In this lesson, you reviewed the basics of profiling and cleaning data. You should now understand
how to evaluate a dataset, inspect its statistics, and resolve data errors. As you progress through your
career path as a data analyst, you must continue to review more resources on the topic of profiling
and cleaning data so you can apply this knowledge in real-world settings. Below are some useful
resources you can explore to enhance your knowledge.

Power Query

Understanding the different

data types available

in Power BI will help you evaluate your dataset in Power Query and ensure that the appropriate
types are applied to your data before you begin analyzing it.

Power Query is an essential tool for preparing your data, and being

familiar with its user interface

and tools is an important skill for a data analyst.

As you apply changes to columns in Power Query, the

Applied Steps list

keeps track of the transformations that have been applied, allowing you to reorder and remove
steps.

Column quality, distribution, and profile tools

In

this article
, you can learn how to use the Power BI column quality, column distribution, and column profile tools
in-depth. The

Power BI community

also features a short blog post on the topic.

Conclusion

Utilizing these additional resources can deepen your understanding of profiling and cleaning data in
Power BI. You'll also gain practical insights into implementing these concepts in real-world scenarios,
empowering you to apply your knowledge effectively.

Activity: Shape and transform tables

Introduction

So far, you’ve reviewed how to create and transform columns in Microsoft Power BI. In this activity,
you’ll now apply your knowledge of Power Query to transform and shape data in a dataset.

Scenario

At Adventure Works, the CEO wants you to prepare a report on the top products sold in each sales
region. Unfortunately, the system that the sales team is using to track product rankings has output
the data in a format unsuitable to present to the CEO. Fortunately, you know how to transform the
data using Power BI so that it is suitable for presentation.

Instructions

Step 1: Connect to the data source

1. Download the TopProducts.xlsx dataset.

TopProducts

XLSX File

1. Open Power BI and create a new project.

1. On the Home tab of the ribbon, select Get Data and choose Excel workbook.

1. When the file browser opens, select the TopProducts.xlsx file.

2. In the Navigator window, select the TopProducts sheet and select Transform Data.
Step 2: Reduce columns and rows

1. When the Power Query Editor opens, select Use First Row as Headers in the Home tab of
the ribbon menu.

1. This will add two steps, Promote Headers and Changed Type1, to the Applied Steps list.

2. Note that the headers are now the correct headers, based on the first row of data; Region,
Rank 1, Rank 2, and so on.

3. Next, select Remove Rows and then Remove Duplicates.

 1. This will add a Removed Duplicates step to the Applied Steps list. The dataset will now
consist of 3 rows.

2. Next, scroll to the last column, ID. Right-click the column name and select Remove.

1. This will add a Removed Columns step to the Applied Steps list and remove the column. The
data is now ready to be unpivoted into a more appropriate ranking format.

Step 3: Unpivot the data

1. Navigate to the first column in the data, Region, and select the column. Then select the
Transform tab in the ribbon menu. Select the Unpivot Columns dropdown and select
Unpivot Other Columns.
 1. The data is now unpivoted into three columns; Region, Attribute, and Value.

Step 4: Format the data

1. First, rename the Attribute and Value columns. To do this, double-click on the column name.
Rename the Attribute column to Rank and the Value column to Product. This will add a
Renamed Columns step to the Applied Steps list.
1. Next, you must remove the word Rank from each value in the Rank column so that you can
change the column type. To do this, first select the Rank column. Then select the Extract
dropdown in the Transform tab, and select Text After Delimiter.

1. In the Text After Delimiter prompt, enter a single space (spacebar) as the delimiter and
select OK.
 1. The Rank column will now consist of numeric values. However, its data type is still Text.
Select the Data Type button and change its data type to Whole Number.

Step 5: Load the data

1. The data is now ready to be loaded into Power BI. In the Home tab of the ribbon menu,
select Close & Apply.
 1. Once the data is loaded, save the project.

Conclusion

Congratulations! You have successfully shaped and transformed the dataset. The data is now ready
for visualization and presentation to the CEO of Adventure Works Good job!

Activity: Table Transformations in Power Query

Introduction

You’ve learned how to transpose tables, select and remove specific rows, and reverse row order in
Power Query. In this activity, you must apply table transformation techniques to reformat a poorly
structured dataset. You’ll begin by walking through the steps to convert the column-oriented layout
to a row-oriented format, selectively keep relevant columns, and sort them in reverse order. The goal
is to efficiently reorganize the dataset into a format more conducive to analysis and performance.

Case study: Adventure Works and table transformations

Adventure Works faces a challenge with the format of its Customer table in the Sales dataset. The
table presents customer information across columns rather than rows, making data analysis difficult.
Your task is to transform this table by converting the columns into rows for a more suitable format.
You’ll also need to refine the table by selecting and retaining only essential columns and then sorting
these columns in reverse order to meet specific analytical requirements.

Instructions

Step 1: Transpose the table

For the initial transformation, let’s change the information layout in the Customers table.

1. Download and launch the TableTransformationsInPowerQuery.pbix and

AdventureWorksFactSales.xlsx files.

2. Next, select on File in the top-left corner of the screen. In the dropdown menu, hover over
Options and settings, and then select Data source settings.

3. A new window titled Data source settings will appear. Here, you'll see a list of all the data
sources currently used in your Power BI reports.

4. After selecting the data source, click on Change Source... to modify its details. Navigate to
the file location of the AdventureWorksFactSales spreadsheet.

5. Once you’ve made the necessary changes, select OK to confirm and Power BI will validate
the new connection.

AdventureWorks FactSales

XLSX File

TableTransformationsInPowerQuery

PBIX File

1. Navigate to the Home tab of the ribbon and select Transform Data to launch the Power
Query Editor.
 1. Select the Customer table from the left sidebar. Identify that the field headers (Customer
Key and Customer ID) and all customer information is stored in columns, instead of rows.

1. To switch the information from rows to columns and vice versa, you need to perform an
action called transpose table. To accomplish this, navigate to the Transform tab of the
ribbon, and select Transpose, from the Table group of actions.

Tip: Data structured in columns instead of rows significantly reduces the dataset’s performance and
loading speed, as the optimal handling of tables is through its rows. This layout also makes it harder
to sort, filter and analyze the data efficiently, so it’s always recommended to transpose data in these
scenarios.
5. Notice that the column headers are in the first row of the table, needing to be ascended. Select
the Use First Row as Headers option.

1. The information is now stored efficiently on the table, in the optimal layout for data analysis.

Step 2: Selecting and removing columns

Next, you need to select and remove columns, removing unnecessary columns reduces the amount
of data imported into Power BI. Let’s review the different ways you can select specific columns from
a table in Power Query Editor.

1. From the Home tab of the ribbon, select Choose Columns.

1. You need to remove the Customer Key column. Keep all columns checked, except from
Customer Key, and select OK.

1. This removes the Customer Key column from your table.

1. While pressing the Ctrl button on your keyboard, select the City and State-Province columns.

1. On the Home tab of the ribbon, select Remove Columns.

 1. This removes the selected City and State Province columns from your table.

Tip: When keeping only a limited number of columns compared to the number of columns you want
to delete, there is the Remove other columns option in removing columns available when you select
the Transformation arrow. This option removes all columns that are not selected instead.

Step 3: Reverse rows

Finally, let’s reverse the order of rows as it appears on the table.

1. Notice that the Customer ID column is sorted in ascending order. To reverse the order of all
table rows, navigate to the Transform tab of the ribbon and select the Reverse Rows
transformation in the Table group of options.
 1. The table has switched the order of its rows. They are now in reverse, descending order.
Note that this transformation only alters the appearance of the table rows. It does not affect
the information or sorting methods on the Report view whatsoever.

Conclusion

Congratulations! You have successfully transformed the Customers table with Power Query Editor.
This allows you to perform several operations on a table before loading it into your report. As a Data
Analyst, mastering table transformations in Power Query will aid you in preparing the data for
effective data analysis.

Splitting column data

Introduction

Data transformation is a crucial step in the data analysis process, allowing you to shape and prepare
your data for meaningful insights. Power Query, a powerful data transformation tool in Microsoft
Power BI and Excel, offers a range of operations to manipulate and split data efficiently. These
features are especially useful in deconstructing data that's initially in a condensed or unstructured
format. In this reading, you will explore the various split operations available in Power Query, along
with practical examples and screenshots to guide you through their usage.

In this guided example you can review the steps you would take if you had access to a formatted tab-
separated values (TSV) file.

Scenario

In your role as a data analyst at Adventure Works, you encounter an unexpected challenge when a
dataset arrives but is formatted as tab-separated values (TSV) file. The data appears compact and
unstructured. Instead of asking to regenerate the data, you opt for a more efficient approach by
utilizing the column-splitting feature in Power Query.

You import the TSV data into Power Query and employ the Split Column by Delimiter function,
choosing the tab character as the delimiter. This action effectively transforms the compacted data
into well-organized, individual columns. By leveraging the Column Splitting feature of Power Query,
you quickly rectify the format issue, saving time and demonstrating the tool's versatility in handling
and transforming data efficiently.

Splitting column data in Power Query

Splitting column data in Power Query is a powerful technique that allows data analysts to divide a
single column into multiple columns based on a specified delimiter or pattern. Power Query provides
a user-friendly interface to perform this operation, making it easy to split and transform data during
the data preparation stage. By splitting columns, analysts can extract valuable information from
concatenated or compacted data, enabling them to perform detailed analysis, create meaningful
visualizations, and derive insights from their datasets. There are several types of column-splitting
techniques that can be employed in Power Query, each serving different purposes. Here are three
common types of column splitting and scenarios where they can be applied.

Example: Split Column By Delimeter

For the scenario described above, let’s examine the data imported into Power Query.
To start splitting this data by Tab delimiter, select the Split Column dropdown and select By
Delimiter.

On the next window, select Tab in the Select or enter delimiter dropdown and select OK.
It will take some time to transform the data. Once the process is finished, you will get the clean data
in the Power Query. Now you can Close and Apply the transform to load the data and start creating.

Splitting techniques in Power Query

Now, let's explore the various splitting techniques available in Power Query.

Splitting by delimiter

Splitting a column by delimiter involves dividing the column into multiple parts based on a specific
character or string. This technique is useful when data is stored in a concatenated format, such as
First Name, Last Name or City | State | Country. By splitting the column using the appropriate
delimiter, like a comma or pipe symbol, you can separate the values into distinct columns. This is one
of the most common data-splitting techniques used in data analysis. For example, in a customer
dataset, you can split the Full Name column into separate First Name and Last Name columns using
a blank space " " as a delimiter, enabling easy analysis and personalized communication. Additionally,
consider a scenario where you have received a sales dataset where the Product Description column
contains information in the format Country – Product Category – Order Date. By splitting the column
using the hyphen delimiter, you can extract the country, product category, and order date into
separate columns, allowing for a detailed analysis of sales performance based on this data. To
explore this feature in more detail, you can explore this article from Microsoft Learn:
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/power-query/split-columns-delimiter.

Splitting by fixed length

Splitting a column by fixed length involves dividing the column into multiple parts based on a
specified number of characters. This technique is useful when data is structured with consistent
character widths. For example, when dealing with a column containing postal codes, where each
postal code is of fixed length, you can split the column into separate columns representing different
components, such as country code, region code, and local code. Imagine you have received a data
file that contains Order Date and Order ID mixed data like 10/15/2021123456, 12/01/2021789012,
11/05/2021345678, and so on. By inspecting the data you determine that the first 10 digits are the
date, and the last 6 digits are the Order ID. In this case, you can use the Power Query to split the data
by fixed length into two separate columns, Order Date and Order ID. To learn more about this
feature, head over to the following article: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/power-query/split-
columns-number-characters.

Splitting by positions

This is like splitting by fixed length, but particularly useful when there are more than two parts in
your data. For example, instead of Order Date and Order ID, if the data contains Order Total too. Like
10/15/202112345622, where the first 10 digits are the Order Date, the next 6 digits are the Order ID,
and the rest is Order Total. This is where splitting data by positions comes in handy in Power Query.
Here is an article that describes this feature in great detail https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/power-
query/split-columns-positions.

Splitting by lower to upper case or upper case to lower case

This function enables the splitting of a column where there is a transition from lowercase to
uppercase letters. Consider a scenario where you have a column EmployeeNames in your dataset,
where each entry combines the employee's first and last names without a space, like AdioQuinn. In
such cases, this splitting mechanism is useful in order to split the names into two separate columns
like First Name and Last Name. To learn more about this topic, you can check the following articles:
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/power-query/splitcolumns-lowercase-to-uppercase and
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/power-query/splitcolumns-lowercase-to-uppercase

Splitting by digits to non-digit and vice versa

This method is particularly effective when handling data that combines alphabetic and numeric
elements. For instance, imagine receiving a file with product weights listed as 5kg, 10kg, or 700gm.
You can use this splitting technique in Power Query to divide the numerical weight values and their
respective units into two distinct columns. If you'd like to learn more, these two articles contain
additional information about this feature:
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/power-query/splitcolumns-digit-to-nondigit and
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/power-query/splitcolumns-nondigit-to-digit

Conclusion

Split operations in Power Query are powerful tools for data manipulation, enabling you to reorganize
and cleanse your data more effectively. They are particularly useful in scenarios where data is not
optimally structured for analysis. By using these features, you can format and structure the data,
preparing it for further analysis without additional manual effort or the need to regenerate it from
various sources.

Activity: Sorting columns

Introduction

Sorting columns is an important step in data transformation within Microsoft Power Query. It helps
you to organize and analyze data more effectively to reveal trends and patterns. Sorting also plays a
key role in data cleaning, comparative analysis, and data navigation. In this exercise, you are going to
sort columns in Power Query.

Scenario

Working as a Data Analyst at Adventure Works is not an easy job. You have to deal with lots of data
every day. While preparing a report from quarterly sales data, your team lead asked you to transform
the data in such a way that anyone can have a look at the data in Power Query and quickly
understand how various regions and customer locations are doing in sales. This can be done by
sorting the data columns properly. For example, you can sort the Region and Customer Location
columns in ascending or descending order and then the Order Total column in descending order.

Here is the initial state of data before applying any sorting:

Here is the result after applying the sorting:

Your task is to follow the instructions and sort the columns properly in Power Query.

Instructions

Step 1: Open the Power BI file in Power BI Desktop

 Download the Activity - Sort Columns.pbix file. Launch Power BI Desktop and open the file.

AdventureWorksSales

XLSX File

Activity - Sort Columns

PBIX File

Note: It's normal for no visuals to display at this stage; Ensure that the data is loaded correctly by
downloading the AdventureWorksSales.xlsx file and updating the data source path from the ribbon
Home > Data Source Settings.
Step 2: Open Power Query

 Select Transform data from the Home ribbon and select Transform data. This action will lead
you into the Power Query, where your data is prepared for transformation.

Step 3: Close the Query Settings pane

 To increase the visible data area, close the Query Settings pane.
Step 4: Position key columns

 Scroll horizontally to view the following columns: Product Region, Customer Location, and
Order Total.

Step 5: Sort the Product Region column

1. Select the dropdown icon beside the Product Region column header. This opens a new popup.

2. Select Sort descending from this dropdown menu.

Step 6: Sort the Customer Location column

 Select the dropdown icon beside the Customer Location column header and select Sort
ascending from this dropdown menu.

Step 7: Sort the Order Total column

 Select the dropdown icon beside the Order Total column header and select Sort descending
from this dropdown menu.
Step 8: Check everything

 Ensure all columns are sorted correctly: Product Region in descending, Customer Location in
ascending, and Order Total in descending order.

Step 9: Apply the transformation

 If everything appears correct, select Close and Apply on the Home ribbon to apply the
transformations to your data.
Conclusion

In this exercise, you have adeptly maneuvered through Power BI Desktop, effectively organizing and
sorting pivotal data columns. Arranging the Product Region, Customer Location, and Order Total
columns is crucial when applying these skills in practical scenarios. By implementing column sorting,
you've enhanced your knowledge of data organization and cleansing, which is essential to deriving
useful insights from your data.

Activity: Configure data loading for queries

Introduction

You’ve reviewed how to append and merge queries in Microsoft Power BI. In this activity, you’ll apply
your knowledge of the Power Query Editor to disable helper queries automatically.

Scenario

Adventure Works recently suffered a data breach. As part of investigating the breach, you must
prepare a report displaying all files in a specific directory and their most recent access time.
Fortunately, Microsoft Power BI allows you to specify directories as a data source, but you must
disable the automatically created helper queries to achieve the desired dataset.

Instructions

Step 1: Connect to the data source

1. Download the SalesOrders data folder and unzip it into a new directory.

SalesOrders

ZIP File
Tip: You can right-click the zip folder and select Extract All.

1. Your directory should match the following image.

1. Create a new project in Power BI. In the Home tab, select Get Data.

1. In the Get Data window, select Folder and then select Connect.
1. The Folder window will open. Select the Browse button. When the file browser opens, select
the SalesOrders data folder you previously extracted from the zip file.

2. Then select OK.

1. When the Folder inspection window opens, select the dropdown arrow next to Combine
and then select Combine & Transform Data.
 1. In the Combine Files window, select the Sales table and then select OK.

1. The Power Query Editor opens with the data loaded.

Step 2: Disable the helper queries

Since the goal is to produce a dataset of filenames and access times for the specific folder, you will
need to disable the automatically created helper queries. The helper queries are automatically
created because Power BI assumes that the goal is to merge the data from all of the files into a single
dataset. While this is a common scenario, for this scenario, this is not the desired outcome.

When the Power Query Editor first opens, it displays all of the datasets merged into a single table.

1. First, remove all steps from the Applied Steps list except the Source step.
Note: The helper queries are no longer applied to the dataset. However, they are still present in the
Queries pane.

1. Right-click the Transform File from Group and select Delete Group. When prompted,
confirm the deletion.

1. Next, remove the unnecessary columns. The only columns required are the Name and Date
accessed columns.
 1. The data is now ready to be loaded into Power BI. In the Home tab of the ribbon menu,
select Close & Apply.

2. Once the data is loaded, save the project.

Conclusion

Congratulations! You have successfully disabled helper queries and created the correct dataset.
Helper queries are a valuable utility for loading several files within a directory. However, they are not
always required. Knowing how to disable them and when it is appropriate to do so is an important
skill for a data analyst.

Activity: Find top performing products

Introduction

You've learned how to transform and load data using Power BI's Power Query. Now, you must apply
your knowledge of data transformation to find top-performing products. In this activity, you’ll review
the steps to manipulate and analyze data, focusing on using the Group By feature in Power Query.
The goal is to adeptly identify top-selling products, leveraging the data transformation and loading
techniques you've learned.

Adventure Works case study

Adventure Works must identify its top-selling products per country-region based on total sales
amounts from its Sales dataset. The dataset includes varied products sold across different channels
and regions. Your task is to help Adventure Works as follows:

 Apply Group By to the two columns, using Sales Amount as the aggregation,

 And to identify the top performing products per Category and Country-Region.
The objective is to provide clear insights into their highest revenue-generating products per Country,
enabling strategic decision-making.

Instructions

Step 1: Navigation to the task at hand

1. Download and launch the FindTopPerformingProducts Power BI file.

Note: Ensure that the data is loaded correctly by downloading the AdventureWorks FactSales.xlsx file
and updating the data source path from the ribbon Home > Data Source Settings.

AdventureWorks FactSales

XLSX File

FindTopPerformingProducts

PBIX File

1. Select Transform data to navigate to the Power Query Editor.

1. Select the Sales table on the left sidebar and use the scroll bar on the bottom to locate the
last two columns: Category and Country-Region. Identify that the Category and Country-
Region columns do not contain unique values, so they can be aggregated to provide product-
specific insights.
Step 2: Group By transformation

1. You now need to apply the Group By transformation. This option can be found in three
places:

o On the Home tab in the Transform group. [Home, Transform Group, Group By]

o On the Transform tab in the Table group.

o On the shortcut menu, when you right-click to select columns.

1. Select Group By from any of the options above to access the Group By window.
1. Select the Advanced radio button to add multiple columns to the aggregation. Ensure both
Country-Region and Category are added to the grouping.

1. For the calculation, you must sum the total of the Order amount. Provide Total amount as
the new column name. Choose Sum as the operation, and Sales Amount as the column.
1. Select Add Aggregation to add another calculation on the new table.

1. Each row of the Sales table represents an order. To calculate the total count of orders for
every product per region, name the second aggregation Order Count, and assign the default
Count Rows operation.
Tip: No Column is required for the Count Rows operation, as it counts all the table rows before
performing an aggregation.

1. To calculate the top-performing product, you require another aggregation, performing the
All Rows operation on the table. Add another aggregation, also named All Rows.

2. Select OK to complete the Group By transformation.

Step 3: Extract the top-performer product information

1. When the Group By transformation is ready, your table will now contain the two grouped
columns, along with the three new aggregation columns.
1. The All Rows column, specifically, contains all table rows that contribute to the aggregations.
You can select any Table value on any row to preview the original Sales Table rows that
contribute to this aggregation.

1. To identify the best-performing product for each Category per Country-Region, create a new
column using the Add Column tab on the ribbon and select Custom Column.
1. On the Custom Column dialog, name the new column Top performer product and input the
following code: Table.Max( Table.Group([All Rows], "Product", {"Total Sales", each
List.Sum([Sales Amount]) } ), "Total Sales"). Select OK to create the new column.

1. The result of the formula creates a new column with Record values. These record values are
essentially a table with just one row. These records contain the row with the maximum value
for each Table value in the Products column.
1. With the new Top performer product column that contains Record values, you can select
the expand icon (represented by two outward-facing arrows) to the right of the column title.
Then, select the Product field, followed by OK.

1. The Top performing products per category and Country are now found in the new column.
Conclusion

Congratulations! You have successfully identified the top-selling products in Adventure Works' sales
dataset using Power BI's Power Query. This allows you to transform complex data into actionable
business insights. By mastering data aggregation and analysis techniques, you can drive strategic
business decisions through informed data interpretation.

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In-depth: Transform and load data

Introduction

By completing this lesson, you’ve prepared yourself for the transform and load data section of the
PL-300 exam.

If you wish to go further in-depth on the topics covered in this lesson, the following lessons in
previous courses from the Microsoft Power BI Analyst Professional Certificate program provide
additional details and insights.

Transforming data in Power BI

Introduction to transforming data in Power BI

The lesson Introduction to transforming data in Power BI in week 2 of Extract, transform and load
data in Power BI, explains how to identify column data types. You can also use the lesson content to
review the Applied Steps list, and common data errors that occur while working in Power Query.

Advanced data transformations in Power BI

Learn more about the importance of column naming by reviewing the lesson Advanced data
transformations in Power BI in week two of Extract, transform and load data in Power BI. This lesson
also provides in-depth information on how to combine tables using the append operation.

Transformations by combining data

Explore the different types of join operations, and review how to identify join keys in the
Transformation by combining data in week two of Extract, transform and load data in Power BI. You
can also practice joining tables using the merge operation.

Advanced ETL in Power BI

Advanced queries

Compare and contrast the difference between Reference Queries and Dataflows by reviewing
Advanced queries in week three of Extract, transform, and load data in Power BI. Learn how to work
with query parameters to dynamically change query results.

Concepts for data modeling

Introduction to cardinality and cross-filter direction

In Data Modeling in Power BI you can review the week one lesson Introduction to cardinality and
cross-filter direction to expand your understanding of fact and dimension tables. In this lesson you
can also gain more in-depth knowledge of cardinality, and how to manage table relationships and
cross-filter direction.

Using data analysis expressions (DAX) in Power BI

Introduction to DAX

In the lesson Introduction to DAX in week two of Data Modeling in Power BI you can explore the
basics of DAX queries and how to create calculated tables and columns.

Conclusion

By learning topics in-depth, you’ll equip yourself to succeed not only with the PL-300 exam but also
in your career as a data analyst.

Additional resources: Transform and load data

Introduction

In this lesson, you reviewed the basics of transforming and loading data. You should now understand
how to establish table relationships, manage columns, append and merge queries, and identify
reference queries. As you progress through your career path as a data analyst, you must continue to
review more resources on the topic of transforming and loading data so you can apply this
knowledge in real-world settings. Below are some useful resources you can explore to enhance your
knowledge.
Combining files

 Power BI comes with powerful tools for combining files. In Power Query, you can combine
multiple files from a given data source.

 To combine files, it's important that they all have the same structure and the same file
extension, for example, .csv. The Microsoft Learn site features a guide on how to Combine
CSV files.

Append

For a more in-depth understanding of Append, Append queries, or Append as new, the Append
queries article on Microsoft Learn explores these options and provides information on appending
two or more tables.

Establish and manage table relationships

As you encounter different scenarios on your data analysis journey, understanding how to establish
and manage table relationships is a crucial skill. Reference the following guide on Microsoft Learn to
help you with this key task.

Reference queries

Working with reference queries can be a complex task. Reading this Microsoft Learn article will help
you use them effectively to manage complex query pipelines.

DAX

As you import tables, you may encounter scenarios where calculated columns are required.
Understanding the basics of Data Analysis Expressions (DAX) will help ensure that you create an
accurate formula.

Best practices

Microsoft has also provided a best practices guide for working effectively with data in Power Query.
Applying these practices will help you effectively and efficiently manage data with Power BI.

Conclusion

Utilizing these additional resources can deepen your understanding of transforming and loading
data. You'll also gain practical insights into implementing these concepts in real-world scenarios,
empowering you to apply your knowledge effectively.