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Lecture #3 CSC-1101

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53 views27 pages

Lecture #3 CSC-1101

Uploaded by

haniyakhurram002006
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CALCULUS &

ANALYTICAL
GEOMETRY
LECTURE: 3
[CSC-1101]

ARISHA ALI
Arithmetic operations on functions

ARISHA ALI 2
Example # 1

ARISHA ALI 3
Example # 1(Cont…)

ARISHA ALI 4
Example # 2

ARISHA ALI 5
Composite of Functions

ARISHA ALI 6
Example # 3

ARISHA ALI 7
Example # 3

ARISHA ALI 8
Composition of three or more functions

ARISHA ALI 9
Expressing a function as a Composition
(Decomposition)

ARISHA ALI 10
Example # 5

ARISHA ALI 11
More Examples

ARISHA ALI 12
Translation
The geometric effect on the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) of adding or subtracting a
positive constant 𝑐 to 𝑓 or to its independent variable 𝑥.

ARISHA ALI 13
Example # 7

ARISHA ALI 14
Example # 7 (cont…)
𝒙 𝒚= 𝒙 𝒙 𝒚= 𝒙−𝟑 𝒙 𝒚= 𝒙+𝟑

𝟎 0 3 0 -3 0

𝟏 1 4 1 -2 1

𝟐 1.414… 5 1.414… -1 1.414…

𝟑 1.732… 6 1.732… 0 1.732…

𝟒 2 7 2 1 2

𝟓 2.236… 8 2.236… 2 2.236…

ARISHA ALI 15
Example # 8

ARISHA ALI 16
Reflections

▪ The graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(−𝑥) is the reflection of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) about


the 𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 because the point (𝑥, 𝑦) on the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) is replaced by
(−𝑥, 𝑦).
▪ Similarly, The graph of 𝑦 = −𝑓(𝑥) is the reflection of the graph of 𝑦 =
𝑓(𝑥) about the 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 because the point (𝑥, 𝑦) on the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) is
replaced by (𝑥, −𝑦).

ARISHA ALI 17
Example

ARISHA ALI 18
Example # 10

ARISHA ALI 19
Stretches and compressions

ARISHA ALI 20
Symmetric

ARISHA ALI 21
Example # 11
Identifies symmetries in the graph of 𝒙 = 𝒚𝟐
Solution:
 Replacing 𝑦 by – 𝑦 yields 𝑥 = (−𝑦)2 , which simplifies to the original equation
𝑥 = 𝑦 2 . Thus the graph is symmetric about 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠.
 Replacing 𝑥 by – 𝑥 yields −𝑥 = 𝑦 2 , which is not equivalent to the original equation
𝑥 = 𝑦 2 . Thus the graph is not symmetric about 𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠.
 Replacing 𝑥 by −𝑥 and 𝑦 by – 𝑦 yields −𝑥 = (−𝑦)2 , which is not equivalent to the
original equation −𝑥 = 𝑦 2 . Thus the graph is not symmetric about origin.

ARISHA ALI 22
More Example
Determine whether the graph has symmetric about 𝒙 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔, 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒚 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔 or the origin
a) 𝒙 = 𝟓𝒚𝟐 + 𝟗
b) 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒚𝟐 = 𝟑 (Class Task)
Solution:
 Replacing 𝑦 by – 𝑦 yields 𝑥 = 5(−𝑦)2 +9, which simplifies to the original equation
𝑥 = 5𝑦 2 + 9. Thus the graph is symmetric about 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠.
 Replacing 𝑥 by – 𝑥 yields −𝑥 = 5𝑦 2 + 9, which is not equivalent to the original equation −𝑥 =
5𝑦 2 + 9. Thus the graph is not symmetric about 𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠.
 Replacing 𝑥 by −𝑥 and 𝑦 by – 𝑦 yields −𝑥 = 5 −𝑦 2 + 9, which is not equivalent to the original
equation −𝑥 = 5𝑦 2 + 9. Thus the graph is not symmetric about origin.
ARISHA ALI 23
Even and Odd Functions
 The graph of even function are symmetric
about 𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 because replacing 𝑥 by −𝑥 in
the equation 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) yields 𝑦 = 𝑓(−𝑥),
which is equivalent to the original equation
𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥). E.g., 𝑥 2 , 𝑥 4 , 𝑥 6 and 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
 Similarly, the graph of odd functions are
symmetric about the origin. E.g., 𝑥 3 , 𝑥 5 , 𝑥 7 and
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥.

ARISHA ALI 24
Example

ARISHA ALI 25
Practice Problems

Quick Check Exercise:0.2


Exercise Set: 0.2
Q#1 to Q#24 and Q#27 to Q#42

ARISHA ALI 26
27

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