SRI SHAMBHULINGESHWARA RESIDENTIAL

HIGH SCHOOL
JAYANTHINAGARA, PANDAVAPURA, MANDYA

MATHEMATICS

S.S.L.C MATHS CHAPTER WISE

QUESTION BANK

PREPARED BY
LINGARAJU.S M.Sc B.Ed
ASSISTANT TEACHER
MATHEMATICS
S.S.R.H.S
JAYANTHINAGARA
PANDAVAPURA

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-1

 THEME BASE MARKS DISTRIBUTION

Serial
THEMES UNITS MARKS
No.
1. NUMBER SYSTEM REAL NUMBERS 05
PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATION IN
TWO VARIABLE

ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION
2. ALGEBRA 27
POLYNOMIALS

QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

INTRODUCTION TO
TRIGONOMETRY
3. TRIGONOMETRY 10
APPLICATIONS OF
TRIGONOMETRY
CO-ORDINATE
4. GEOMTRY
CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY 6

STATISTICS
STATISTICS &
5. PROBABILITY 8
PROBABILITY

TRIANGLES
6. GEOMETRY 14
CIRCLES

AREA RELATED TO CIRCLES

7. MENSURATION 10
SURFACE AREA AND VOLUMES

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-2

 UNIT-1. REAL NUMBERS :
The fundamental theorem of Arithmetic : Every composite number can be
expressed as a product of primes, and this factorization is unique, apart
from the order in which the prime factors occur.
* For any two positive integers ‘a’ and ‘b’, H.C.F.(a, b) x L.C.M.(a, b) = a x b.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS :
1) In the following numbers, irrational number is MODEL-1 : 2019

3
A) √16 - √9 B) C) 0.3333.......... D) 2 + √𝟑
4
2) 7x11x13+13 is a Exam-3:2024
A) Prime number B) Composite number C) Irrational number D) Odd number
3) H.C.F. of the any two prime number JUNE-2023
A) 0 B) 2 C) 1 D) -1
4) The Highest Common Factor (HCF) of 3 and 5 is PREP-2023
A) 1 B) 3 C) 5 D) 15
5) The HCF of 95 and 152 is PREP-2019
A) 57 B) 38 C) 19 D) 8
6) The prime factors of 91 are, PREP-2024
A) 2, 13, 7 B) 13, 7 C) 91, 1 D) 13, 7, 1
7) If ‘a’ and ‘b’ are any two positive integers then HCF ( a, b ) × LCM ( a, b ) is
a
equal to A) a + b B) a - b C) a x b D) APRIL : 2019
b
8) If ‘A’ and ‘B’ are any two positive integers, ‘H’ and ‘L’ are HCF and LCM of
these integers respectively, then the correct relationship in the following is
JUNE-2024
A) H x B = L x B B) H x L = A x B C) H + L = A + B D) H - L = A – B
9) The HCF of 72 and 120 is 24, then their LCM is JUNE : 2019

A) 36 B) 720 C) 360 D) 72
10) The product of HCF and LCM of two numbers 15 and 20 is APRIL : 2024
A) 15 B) 20 C) 300 D) 35
11) The product of prime factors of 120 is MODEL2 : 2019-20
3 1 1
A) 23 x 32 x 51 B) 22 x 31 x 51 C) 23 x 31 x 52 D) 2 x 3 x 5
12) If 180 = 2x x 32 x 5 then the value of ‘x’ is PREP : 2020
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
13) The HCF of (12, 15) is 3. Then LCM of (12, 15) is
A) 60 B) 45 C) 36 D) 90
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-3
 ONE MARK QUESTIONS :
1) Find the H.C.F. of the smallest prime number and the smallest composite
number. SEPT ∶ 2020
Ans. : Smallest prime number = 2
Smallest composite number = 4
∴ H.C.F. of ( 2, 4 ) is 2
2) Find the HCF of 7 and 11. Model-QP:2023
Ans : H.C.F. of 7 and 11 = 1 ( H.C.F. of prime numbers is 1)
3) L.C.M. of 24 and 36 is 72 then find their H.C.F. PREP-2024
Ans: H.C.F.x L.C.M. = A x B
H.C.F.x 72 = 24 x 36
24 x 36
H.C.F. =
72
H.C.F. = 12
4) The HCF and LCM of two numbers are 4 and 60 respectively. If one of the
numbers is 12, then find the other number. Model-QP:2024
Ans.: HCF of (a , b) x LCM of (a , b) = a x b
4 x 60 = 12 x b
b = 4x60
12
b = 20
5) Express 140 as a product of its prime factors. MODEL : 2018-19
Ans. :
2 140 140 = 2x2x5x7
2 70 140 = 22x51x71
5 35
7 7
1
6) Write 96 as the product of its prime factors. June-2019
Ans. :
2 96
2 48
2 24
2 12
2 6
3 3 96 = 2x2x2x2x2x3
1 96 = 25 x 3
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-4
7) Express 70 as a product of its prime factors. JUNE-2024
Ans. :
2 70 70 = 2x5x7
5 35 70 = 21x51x71
7 7
1

8) If 200 = 2m × 5n , then find the values of ‘m’ and ‘n’. APRIL : 2024
Ans. :
2 200
2 100
2 50
5 25
5 5
1
200 = 2m x 5n
200 = 23 x 52
m = 3 and n = 2
TWO MARKS QUESTIONS
:
1) Prove that 3 + √𝟓 is an irrational number. MODEL : 2018-19 & March-2019

Ans. : Let us assume 3 + √5 is a rational number

3 + √5 = p where p, q ∈ z , q ≠ 0
q
p
√5 = q − 3
Rearranging this equation
p– 3q
√5 =
q
p–3q
Since p and q are integers we get ( ) is rational
q
So √5 is rational.
But this contradicts the fact that √5 is irrational.
This contradiction has arisen because of our incorrect assumption that 3 + √5
is rational.
∴ 3 + √5 is irrational.

2) Prove that 5−√𝟑 is an irrational number PREP-2019

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-5

 Ans. : Let us assume (5 - √3) is a rational number
5 - √3 = pq where p, q ∈ z , q ≠ 0
p
√3 = 5 - q
Rearranging this equation
5q– p
√3 =
q
Since p and q are integers we get ( 5 q –p ) is rational
q
So √3 is rational.
But this contradicts the fact that √3 is irrational.
This contradiction has arisen because of our incorrect assumption that 5 - √3
is rational.
∴ 5 - √3 is irrational.
3) Prove that √𝟐 + √𝟑 is an irrational number. MODEL-1 : 2019-20

Ans. : Let us assume, contrary that √2 + √3 is rational number.

p
√2 + √3 = where p, q ∈ z , q ≠ 0
q
p
√2 = - √3
q
Squaring on both sides, we get
( p - √3 )2 = (√2 )2
q
p2
q2
+ 3 – 2(p)( √3 ) = 2
q
p2
q2
+ 3 –2 = 2(p)( √3 )
q
p2 p
q2 + 1 = 2√3 ( )
q
p 2 +q 2 p
q2
= 2 √3 ( )
q
(p 2+q 2)xq
q 2 x2p
= √3
(p 2 +q 2 )
= √3
2p q
(p 2+q 2)
Since p and q are integers, is rational number.
2p q
So √3 is a rational number.
But this contradicts the fact that √3 is irrational.
This contradiction has arisen because of our incorrect assumption that √2 + √3
is rational.
∴ √2 + √3 is irrational.

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-6

 𝟏
4) Prove that is an irrational number
√𝟐
1
Ans. : Let us assume is a rational number
√2
1
= p where p, q ∈ z , q ≠ 0
√2 q
Rationalising denominator, we get
1
x √2 = p
√2 √2 q
√2 p
=
2 q
2p
√2 =
q
Since p and q are integers we get ( 2p ) is rational
q
So √2 is rational.
But this contradicts the fact that √2 is irrational.
1
This contradiction has arisen because of our incorrect assumption that
√2
is rational.
1
∴ is irrational.
√2

5) Find the LCM of 12, 15 and 21 by the method of prime factorization.

Ans : Model-QP:2023
2 12 3 15 3 21
2 6 5 5 7 7
3 3 1 1
1
12 = 2x2x3 15 = 3x5 21 = 3x7
12 = 22x31 15 = 31x51 21 = 31x71
L.C.M. = 22x31x51x71 = 420

6) Find the H.C.F. and L.C.M. of 3, 8 and 15. Exam-3:2024

Ans :
2 8 3 15
2 4 5 5
2 2 1
1
3 = 3, 8 = 2x2x2, 15 = 3x5
3 = 3, 8 = 23 , 15 = 3x5
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-7
 HCF of 3, 8 and 15 = 1
LCM of 3, 8 and 15 = 3x23x5 = 120
7) The H.C.F. and L.C.M. of two numbers are 3 and 60 respectively. If one of
the number is 12, then find the other number. PREP-2023
Ans. :
H.C.F. x L.C.M. = Product of two numbers
3 x 60 = 12 x another number
3 x 60
Another number = = 15
12
THREE MARKS QUESTIONS
1) Prove that √𝟓 is an :irrational number. June-2020
Ans. : Let us assume, contrary that √5 is rational number.
p
√5 = where p, q ∈ z , q ≠ 0, (p, q) = 1
q
√5 q = p
Squaring on both sides, we get
5q2 = p2
p2 is divisible by 5, then p is also divisible by 5.
So, we can write p = 5r, for some integer ‘r’.
Substituting for p, we get
5q2 = (5r)2
5q2 = 25r2
i.e. q2 = 5r2
Means q2 is divisible by 5, then ‘q’ is also divisible by 5.
∴ ‘p’ and ‘q’ have atleast 5 as a common factor.
But this contradicts the fact that p and q are co-prime.
This contradiction has arisen because of our incorrect assumption that √5
is rational.
∴ √5 is irrational.
2) Find the HCF of 135 and 75 by the prime factorisation method. Hence find
the LCM of HCF of (135, 75) and 20. PREP-2020
Ans. : i) HCF of ( 135, 75) :
3 135 3 75
3 45 5 25
3 15 5 5
5 5 1
1
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-8
 135 = 3x3x3x5 = 33x51 75 = 3x5x5 = 31x52
∴ HCF of ( 135, 75) = 31x51 = 15
ii) LCM of 15 and 20 :
2 15, 20
2 15, 10
3 15, 5
5 5, 5
1, 1
∴ LCM of 15 and 20 = 2x2x3x5 = 60

3) Find L.C.M. of H.C.F. ( 306, 657) and 12. SEPT-2020

Ans. :i) H.C.F. of ( 306, 657)
2 306 3 657
3 153 3 219
3 51 73 73
17 17 1
1
306 = 2x3x3x17 657 = 3x3x73
306 = 21x32x171 657 = 32x731
HCF of ( 306, 657) =32 = 3 x 3 = 9
ii) L.C.M. of 9 and 12 :

3 9, 12
3 3, 4
4 1, 4
1, 1
∴ LCM of 9 and 12 = 3x3x4 = 36

EXERCISE :

1)Prove that 5 + √𝟑 is an irrational number. June-2019, Model-QP:2023, April-2023

2) Prove that 7 + √𝟓 is an irrational number. Prep-2024

3)Prove that 2 + √𝟑 is an irrational number. June-2023, Exam-2-2024, Exam-3: 2024

4)Show that 3 + √𝟐 is an irrational number. PREP-2023 & APRIL : 2024

5)Prove that √𝟑 is an irrational number. PREP-2020 & SEPT-2020

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-9

 UNIT-2. POLYNOMIALS:
Degree of a Polynomial : The highest power of ‘x’ in p(x) is called the degree of
the polynomial.
* A polynomial of degree 1 is called a linear polynomial. Ex : 2x + 3
Standard form : p(x) = ax + b , a & b ∈ R a≠0
* A polynomial of degree 2 is called a quadratic polynomial. Ex : 3x2 -4x+5
Standard form : p(x) = ax2 + bx + c, a, b & c ∈ R a ≠ 0
* A polynomial of degree 3 is called a cubic polynomial. Ex: 4x3 +2x2- 4x +1
Standard form : p(x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d , a,b,c & d ∈ R a≠0
Zeroes of a polynomial : A real number ‘k’ is said to be a zero of a polynomial
p(x), if p(k) = 0.
* The zeroes of a polynomial p(x) are precisely the x-coordinates of the points,
where the graph of y = p(x) intersects the x-axis.
* If 𝛂 and 𝛃 are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial ax2 + bx + c, then
–b
Sum of the zeroes = 𝛼 + 𝛽 =
a
c
Product of the zeroes = 𝛼 𝑥 𝛽 = a

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1) The degree of the polynomial p(𝑥) = 𝑥2 −3𝑥 +4𝑥3 − 6 is Model : 2018-19

A) 2 B) 1 C) 3 D) 6
2) The quadratic polynomial having zeroes (-2) and 4 is PREP-2019
A) x + 2x + 8 B) x – 2x – 8
2 2
C) x + 2x – 8 D) x – 2x + 8
2 2

3) In the given graph y = P(x), the number of zeroes is June-2019

A) 4 B) 3 C) 2 D) 7
4) If one of the zeroes of a polynomial p(𝑥) = 𝑥2- 𝑥 +𝑘 is 2,
then the value of k is Model-1: 2019-20
A) 2 B) -2 C) -6 D) 6
5) In the figure, a polynomial y = p(x) is represented
through a graph, the number of zeroes of the
polynomial is. Prep ∶ 2020
A) 4 B) 2 C) 3 D) 1

Lingaraju.S
Lingaraju.S M.SC. B.EDB.ed
M.Sc. 9886340769
9886340769 Page-10
6) The degree of a linear polynomial is June-2020
A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3
7) The degree of a cubic polynomial is Exam-3:2024
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
8) In the given graph, the number of zeroes of
the polynomial y = p(x) is SEPT ∶ 2020
A) 3 B) 5 C) 4 D) 2
9) If sum of the zeroes of the polynomial p(𝑥) = 𝑘𝑥2 +2𝑥 +3𝑘 is equal to
product of zeroes of the polynomial, the value of ′𝑘′ is
2 –2 3 –3
A) B) C) D)
3 3 4 4

10) The number of zeroes of the polynomial y = p ( x )

in the given graph is April-2023
A) 3 B) 2 C) 1 D) 4
11) The degree of the polynomial p(𝑥) = 3𝑥3 −8x2 + 6𝑥 −3 is June-2023
A) 3 B) 2 C) 1 D) 0
12) The quadratic polynomial whose sum and product of zeroes are 4 and 5
respectively is Model-QP:2023
2
A) p(x) = x²-4x-5 B) p(x) = x +4x-5
C) p(x) = x²-5x+4 D) p(x) = x²-4x+5
13) Sum of the zeroes of the polynomial p(x) = x2 – 2x – 8 is Model-QP:2024
A) – 8 B) 2 C) – 2 D) 8
14) The maximum number of zeroes of a quadratic polynomial is PREP-2024
A) 4 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3
15) If α and β are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial p(x) = ax2 + bx + c,
then is α x β is
b –b –c c
A) B) C) D) APRIL : 2024
a a a a
Answers : 1.C, 2.B, 3.B, 4.B, 5.C, 6.B, 7.C, 8.C, 9.B, 10.A, 11.A, 12.D, 13.B, 14.C, 15.D

ONE MARK QUESTIONS :

1) Find the number of zeroes of the polynomial p(𝑥) from the graph given
Ans. : 4 Y Model : 2018-19

X1 o X

Y1
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-11
2) The following graph represents the polynomial
y = P( x ). Write the number of zeroes that P(x) has.
Ans.: 3 June-2020

3) Write the degree of the polynomial P ( x ) = 2x2 –x3 + 5 April-2019

Ans. : 3
4) Find the degree of the polynomial p(𝑥) = 𝑥3 +2𝑥2 −5𝑥 −6 June-2019
Ans. : 3
5) Write the degree of the polynomial p(𝑥) = 3𝑥3 −4𝑥2 +5𝑥4 −3𝑥 + 4.
Ans. : 4 Model-2 : 2019

6) Write the degree of the polynomial p(x) = x² + 2x3 - 5x4 + 6 Model-QP:2023

Ans : Degree = 4
7) Write the degree of the polynomial P(x) = 3x3 – x4 + 2x2 + 5x + 2. April-2023
Ans. : Degree of the polynomial = 4
8)Write the degree of the polynomial g( p ) = 7p4 − 2p3 + 3p2 + p – 3
Ans.: Degree = 3 Model-QP: 2024
9) Write the degree of the polynomial p(x) = 5x2 – 6x3 – 7x + 1. JUNE-2024
Ans. : Degree of the polynomial = 3
10) Write the degree of the polynomial p(x) = x(x2 + 3) + 5x2 + 7. APRIL : 2024
2 2
Ans. : p(x) = x(x + 3) + 5x + 7.
p(x) = x3 + 3x + 5x2 + 7.
∴ Degree of the polynomial = 3
11) Find the sum of zeroes of the polynomial P(𝑥) = 𝑥2 −5𝑥 + 6. June-2023
–b
Ans. : Sum of zeroes (𝛼 + 𝛽) = = –(–5 ) = 5
a 1
12) Find the sum of the zeroes of the polynomial P(x) = 2x2 – 9x + 10. PREP ∶ 2020
Ans. : Sum of the zeroes : α + β =
–b = –(–9) = 𝟗
a 2 𝟐
13) Find the sum of the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial P(x) = x2 + 7x + 10
–b –7
Ans: 𝛼 + 𝛽 = = = -7 PREP-2024
a 1
14) If the product of zeroes of the polynomial, f(x) = 2x2 – 3x + k is 3, then find
the value of ‘k’. Exam-3:2024
Ans. : f(x) = 2x2 – 3x + k
a = 2, b = -3, c = k 𝛼 𝑥 𝛽 = 3
c
Products of zeroes = 𝛼 𝑥 𝛽 = a
k
3= 2
k=6
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-12
15) Sum and product of the zeroes is (-3) and 2. Find the quadratic polynomial.
Ans. : PREP-2019
Sum of the zeroes of the polynomial = -3
Sum of the zeroes of the polynomial = – b = −( 31)
a
Product of the zeroes of the polynomial = 2
c 2
Product of the zeroes of the polynomial = =
a 1
On comparing, ∴ a = 1 , b = 3 & c = 2
Required polynomial = p(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥2 +𝑏𝑥 +𝑐 ⇒ p(𝑥) = 𝑥2 +3𝑥 +2

16)Find the zeroes of the polynomial, P(x) = x2 − 3 . April-2019

Ans. : P( x ) = 0,
p(𝑥) = 𝑥2 −3
𝑥2 –(√3)2 = 0
( x + √3 ) ( x − √3 ) = 0 [ ∵ a2 – b2 = (a + b)(a – b) ]
( x + √3 ) = 0 and ( x - √3 ) = 0
x = -√𝟑 and x = +√𝟑
17) Write the zeroes of the polynomial, P(x) = x2 − 25 . JUNE-2024
Ans. : P( x ) = 0,
p(𝑥) = 𝑥2 − 25
𝑥2 –(5)2 = 0
( x + 5 ) ( x −5 ) = 0 [ ∵ a2 – b2 = (a + b)(a – b) ]
( x + 5 ) = 0 and ( x - 5 ) = 0
x = (-5) and x = +5
18) If, P(𝑥) = 2𝑥3 +3𝑥2 -11𝑥 +6 then find the value of P(1). Sept : 2020
Ans. : P(𝑥) = 2𝑥3 +3𝑥2 -11𝑥 +6
P(1) = 2(1)3 +3(1)2 -11(1) + 6
P(1) = 2 + 3 -11 + 6
P(1) = 0
TWO MARKS QUESTIONS :

1) Write the general form of the following : Model2: -2019-20

a) Linear polynomial
b) Cubic polynomial
Ans. : General form of Linear polynomial is P(x) = ax + b, a≠ 0
General form of Cubic polynomial is P(x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d, a≠ 0
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-13
2) Find the zeroes of polynomial P(x) = 6x2 - 3 -7x Model: 2018-19
Ans. : P(x) = 6x2 -7x -3 = 0 -9x
6x2 - 9x +2x - 3 = 0 -18x2
3x(2x – 3) +1(2x -3) = 0 +2x
(2x – 3)(3x + 1) = 0 -7x
(2x – 3) = 0 and (3x + 1) = 0
2x = 3 and 3x = -1
3 –1
x = and x =
2 3
𝟑 –𝟏
∴ zeroes are and
𝟐 𝟑

3) Find the zeroes of polynomial p(𝑥) = 4𝑥2 −4𝑥 −3

Ans. : −6𝑥
p(𝑥) = 4𝑥2 −4𝑥 -3 -12𝑥2
p(𝑥) = 4𝑥2 −6𝑥 +2𝑥 -3 +2𝑥
p(𝑥) = 2𝑥(2𝑥 -3) + 1(2𝑥 -3) −4𝑥
p(𝑥) = (2𝑥 -3)(2𝑥 + 1)
(2𝑥 -3) = 0 and (2𝑥 + 1) = 0
2𝑥 = 3 and 2𝑥 = -1
𝟑 –𝟏
𝑥 = and 𝑥 =
𝟐 𝟐
4) Find the zeroes of polynomial x2 + 7x + 10 and verify the relationship
between the zeroes and the coefficients. PREP-2019
Ans : P(x) = 0
x2 + 7x + 10 = 0
x2 + 5x + 2x + 10 = 0
x(x + 5) + 2(x + 5) = 0
(x + 5)(x + 2) = 0
(x + 5) = 0 and (x + 2) = 0
x = (-5) and x = (-2)
The zeroes are α = -5 and 𝛽 = -2
7 –b
Sum of zeroes = -5 + (-2) = -7 = =
1 a
c
Product of zeroes = (-5)x(-2) = 10 =a
5) Find the quadratic polynomial whose sum and product of zeroes are 𝟏 and
𝟒
(-1) respectively. Model-2018-19
1
Ans. : Sum of the zeroes of the polynomial =
4
Product of the zeroes of the polynomial = -1

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-14

 –4
Sum of the zeroes of the polynomial = – b = −(–14) =
a 4
On comparing
∴ a = 4 , b = -1 & c = - 4
Required polynomial = p(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥2 +𝑏𝑥 +𝑐
p(𝑥) = 4𝑥2 -𝑥 -4

6) The sum and product of the zeroes of a quadratic polynomial

P(x) = ax2 + bx + c are (– 3) and 2 respectively. Show that b + c = 5a.
Ans. : Let α and β are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial P ( x ) APRIL-2019
Sum of the zeroes = α + β = – 3
- ba = – 3
– b = – 3a
b = 3a ........ (i)
Product of the zeroes = α.β = 2
c
a
=2
c = 2a ........ (ii)
Equation (i) + (ii) gives
b + c = 3a + 2a
b + c = 5a.
7) Sum and product of the zeroes of a quadratic polynomial P(x) = ax2 + bx -4
are 𝟏 and (–1) respectively. Then find the values of a and b. JUNE-2019
𝟒
1
Ans. : Sum of the zeroes of the polynomial =
4
Product of the zeroes of the polynomial = (-1)
Sum of the zeroes of the polynomial = – b = − –1 )
a
( 4
c –4
Product of the zeroes of the polynomial = =
a 4
On comparing ∴ a = 4 , b = -1

8) Find the value of k, in which one of its zeroes is (–4) of the polynomial
p(𝑥) = 𝑥2 −𝑥 −(2𝑘 +2) JUNE-2019
Ans. :
p(𝑥) = 𝑥2 −𝑥 −(2𝑘 +2)
One of its zeroes is (–4)
⇒ p(𝑥) = 0 for x = (-4)
∴ (-4)2 –(-4) −(2𝑘 +2) = 0

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-15

 16 +4 −(2𝑘 +2) = 0
(2𝑘 +2) = 20
2𝑘 = 20 - 2
2𝑘 = 18
𝑘=9
9) If 𝜶 and 𝜷 are the zeroes of the polynomial P(x) = 3x2 - 12x + 15,
find 𝛂𝟐 + 𝛃𝟐 Model-2: -2019-20
–b
Ans. : Sum of the zeroes of the polynomial = 𝛼 + 𝛽 = = −(–123 ) =4
a
c 15
Product of the zeroes of the polynomial = 𝛼 x 𝛽 = = =5
a 3
(𝛼 + 𝛽)2 = 𝛼2 + 𝛽 2 + 2 𝛼 x 𝛽
42 = 𝛼2 + 𝛽 2 + 2x5
16 = 𝛼2 + 𝛽2 + 10
𝛼2 + 𝛽 2 = 16 – 10
∴ 𝛂𝟐 + 𝛃 𝟐 = 6
10) If one zero of the polynomial p(𝑥) = 𝑥2 −6𝑥 + k is twice the other then find
the value of k. JUNE-2020
Ans. : P(𝑥) = 𝑥2 −6𝑥 + k
Let 𝛼 and 𝛽 be zeroes of P(𝑥).
From given, 𝛽 = 2 𝛼
–b
Sum of the zeroes = 𝛼 + 𝛽 = a
– (– 6)
𝛼 + 2𝛼 =
1
3𝛼 = 6
𝛼=2
c
Product of the zeroes = 𝛼 𝑥 𝛽 = a
k
𝛼 𝑥 2𝛼 =
1
2
2𝛼 = k
2 x (22) = k
∴ k=8

11) Find the value of k of the polynomial p(𝑥) = 2𝑥2 − 6𝑥 + k , such that the
sum of zeros of it is equal to half of the product of their zeros. SEPT ∶ 2020
Ans. : P(𝑥) = 2𝑥2 −6𝑥 + k
Let 𝛼 and 𝛽 be zeroes of P(𝑥).
P(𝑥) = a𝑥2 + b𝑥 + c

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-16

 a = 2, b= -6 , c = k
–b
Sum of the zeroes = 𝛼 + 𝛽 = a
–(–6)
𝛼+ 𝛽 =
2
𝛼+ 𝛽 =3
c
Product of the zeroes = 𝛼 𝑥 𝛽 =
a
k
𝛼𝑥𝛽=
2
From given, 𝛼 + 𝛽 = 12 𝑥 (𝛼 𝑥 𝛽)
3=1xk
2 2
k
3= 4
∴ k = 12

THREE MARKS QUESTIONS :

1) Find the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial P(x) = x² - 2x – 8 and verify the
relationship between the zeroes and co-efficients. PREP-2023
Ans. : - 4𝑥
p(𝑥) = 𝑥2 - 2𝑥 - 8 -8𝑥2
p(𝑥) = 𝑥2 - 4𝑥 + 2𝑥 - 8 +2𝑥
p(𝑥) = 𝑥 (𝑥 -4) + 2(𝑥 - 4) -2𝑥
p(𝑥) = (𝑥 -4)(𝑥 + 2)
(𝑥 - 4) = 0 and (𝑥 +2) = 0
𝑥 = 4 and 𝑥 = -2
–b – (– 2)
Sum of the zeroes = 𝛼 + 𝛽 = = = +2
a 1
(4)+(-2) = +2
c –8
Product of zeroes = 𝛼 𝑥 𝛽 = a
= = -8
1
(-4) x (2) = -8

2) Find the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial p ( x ) = x2 + 7x + 10, and verify

the relationship between zeroes and the coefficients. April-2023
Ans. : +5𝑥
p(𝑥) = 𝑥2 + 7𝑥 + 10 +10 𝑥2
p(𝑥) = 𝑥2 +5𝑥 +2𝑥 +10 +2𝑥
p(𝑥) = 𝑥 (𝑥 +5) + 2(𝑥 +5) +7𝑥

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-17

 p(𝑥) = (𝑥 +5)(𝑥 + 2)
(𝑥 +5) = 0 and (𝑥 +2) = 0
x = -5 and = -2
Therefore zeroes of p(𝑥) = 𝑥2 + 7𝑥 + 10 are (-5) and (-2)
–b –7
Sum of zeroes = 𝛼 + 𝛽 = = = -7
a 1
– 5 + (– 2) = – 7
c
Products of zeroes = 𝛼 𝑥 𝛽 = = 10 = 10
a 1
(−5) ×(-2) =10
3) Find the quadratic polynomial, whose sum and product of its zeroes are
(-3) and 2 respectively and also find the zeroes of this polynomial. PREP-2024
Ans. :
Sum of the zeroes of the polynomial = α + β = (-3)
Product of the zeroes of the polynomial = α.β = 2
Required polynomial = p(𝑥) = x2 -( α + β)x + α.β
= 𝑥2 –(-3)𝑥 + 2
p(𝑥) = 𝑥2 +3𝑥 + 2
Zeroes of the polynomial means P(x) = 0
x2 + 3x + 2 = 0
x2 + 2x + 1x + 2 = 0
x(x + 2) + 1(x + 2) = 0
(x + 2)(x + 1) = 0
(x + 2) = 0 and (x + 1) = 0
α = -2 and 𝛃 = -1 are the zeroes of the polynomial.
4) Find a quadratic polynomial whose sum of the zeroes is 7 and product of the
zeroes is 12. Also find the zeroes of the polynomial. Exam-2: 2024
Ans. : Sum of the zeroes of the polynomial = α + β = 7
Product of the zeroes of the polynomial = α x β = 12
Required polynomial = p(𝑥) = x2 - (α + β) x + α x β
p(𝑥) = x2 - 7x + 12
Zeroes of the polynomial : P(x) = 0
x2 - 7x + 12 = 0
x2 - 4x - 3x + 12 = 0
x(x - 4) - 3(x - 4) = 0
(x - 4)(x - 3) = 0
(x - 4) = 0 OR (x - 3) = 0
X = 4 and x = 3
The zeroes are α = 4 and 𝛃 = 3
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-18
 U-3. : PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS WITH TWO VARIABLES:
Linear equation with two variables :
Equation of the form ax + by + c = 0, where a, b and c are real numbers,
(a ≠ 0, b ≠ 0 ) is called a linear equation in two variables x and y.
Pair of linear equations with two variables:
Equations of the form a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and a2x + b 2y + c2 = 0, where
a1 , b1 , c1 , a2 , b2 and c2 are real numbers, (a1 ≠ 0, b1 ≠ 0 , a2 ≠ 0, b2 ≠ 0 )
are called a pair of linear equations with two variables x and y.
a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 are a pair of linear equations, then

Type of Number of Type of

Comparision Figure
line solutions equation
a1
≠ b1 Intersecting Unique or
Consistent
a2 b2 lines one solution
a1
= b 1 = c1 Infinitely
Coincident Consistent &
a2 b2 c2 many
lines dependent
solutions
a1
= b 1 ≠ c1 Parallel
a2 b2 c2 No solution Inconsistent
lines

Methods of solving a pair of linear equations :

1) Substitution method :
2) Elimination method :
3) Graphical method:

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS :

1) If the lines drawn to the linear equations of the type 𝑎1𝑥 +𝑏1𝑦 +𝑐1 = 0 and
𝑎2𝑥 +𝑏2𝑦 +𝑐2 = 0 are coincident on each other, then the correct
relation among the following is June-2019
a1 b c a1 b c
A) = 1 = 1 B) ≠ 1 ≠ 1
a2 b2 c2 a2 b2 c2
a1 b1 c1 a1 b1 c1
C) = ≠ D) ≠ =
a2 b2 c2 a2 b2 c2

2) The pair of lines 𝑎1𝑥 +𝑏1𝑦 +𝑐1 = 0 and 𝑎2𝑥 +𝑏2𝑦 +𝑐2 = 0 are intersecting
lines then the ratio of their coefficients is : Model-2 ∶ 2021

Lingaraju.S M.SC. B.ED

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
9886340769 Page-19
 a1 b1 a1 b1 c1 a1 b1 c1 a1 b1
A) ≠ B) = ≠ C) = = D) =
a2 b2 a2 b2 c2 a2 b2 c2 b2 a2
3) If the pair of linear equations in two variables 𝑎1𝑥 +𝑏1𝑦 +𝑐1 = 0and
𝑎2𝑥 +𝑏2𝑦 +𝑐2 = 0 are parallel lines then the correct relation of their
coefficients is : July ∶ 2021
a b 1 c a b c a b a b1
A) 1 = ≠ 1 B)
1
= 1 = 1 C)
1
≠ 1 D) 1 =
a2 b2 c2 a2 b2 c2 a2 b2 b2 a2
4) In the pair of linear equations 𝑎1𝑥 +𝑏1𝑦 +𝑐1 = 0 and 𝑎2𝑥 +𝑏2𝑦 +𝑐2 = 0
𝐚𝟏 𝐛𝟏
If ≠ then the June-2020
𝐚𝟐 𝐛𝟐
A) equations have no solution B) equations have unique solution
C) equations have three solutions D) equations have infinitely many solutions.
5) A pair of linear equations 𝑎1𝑥 +𝑏1𝑦 +𝑐1 = 0 and 𝑎2𝑥 +𝑏2𝑦 +𝑐2 =0 have unique
solution. Then correct relation among the following is : Model & PREP-QP-2022
a1 b1 a1 b1 c1 a1 b1 a1 b1 c1
A) ≠ B) = = C) = D) = ≠
a2 b2 a2 b2 c2 a2 b2 b2 a2 c2
6) The lines represented by 2x + 3y – 9 = 0 and 4x + 6y – 18 = 0 are April-2019
A) Intersecting lines B) Perpendicular lines to each other
C) Parallel lines D) Co-incident lines
7) The lines represented by 𝑥 +2𝑦 – 4 = 0 and 2𝑥 +4𝑦 − 12 = 0 are
A) Intersecting lines B) Perpendicular lines to each other Sept ∶ 2020
C) Parallel lines D) Coincident lines
8) The pair of equations 2x-5y+4=0 and 2x+y-8=0 has Model-1 ∶ 2021
A) Exactly two solutions B) Infinity many solutions
C) A unique solution D) No solution
9) x – 2y = 0 and 3x + 4y – 20 = 0 are July ∶ 2021
A) Intersecting lines B)Coincident lines C)Parallel lines D)Perpendicular lines
10) The graphical representation of the pair of lines x + 2y – 4 = 0 and
2x + 4y – 12 = 0 April : 2022
A) Intersecting lines B) Parallel lines
C) Co-incident lines D) Perpendicular lines
11) Lines represented by the pair of linear equations x-y = 8 and 3x–3y = 16 are
A) intersecting lines B) parallel lines June-2022
C) perpendicular lines D) coincident lines.
12) If the pair of Linear equations x + 2y = 3 and 2x + 4y = k are coincide
then the value of ‘k’ is : Model-1 ∶ 2021
A) 3 B) 6 C) -3 D) -6
13) If the pair of Linear equations 3𝑥 +2𝑘𝑦 = 2 and 2𝑥 +5𝑦 +1 = 0 are
parallel then the value of ′𝑘′ is Model-1 ∶ 2021
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-20
 –5 2 15 3
A) B) C) D)
4 5 4 2
14) The pair of coincident lines in the following are Model-2 ∶ 2021

A) x − 2y = 0 B) 2x + 3y = 9 C) x + 2y = 4 D) x + y = 8
3x + 4y = 20 4x + 6y = 18 2x + 4y = 12 x−y=4
15) If the pair of lines 2x + 3y + 7 = 0 and ax + by +14 = 0 are coincident
lines then the values of ‘a’ and ‘b’ are respectively equal to July ∶ 2021
A) 2 and 3 B) 3 and 2 C) 4 and 6 D) 1 and 2
16) Solutions for the equations 𝑥 +𝑦 = 9 and 𝑥 −𝑦 = 1 are MODEL-2019

A) 𝑥 = 5, 𝑦 = 4 B) 𝑥 = 4, 𝑦 = 5 C) 𝑥 = 6, 𝑦 = 3 D) 𝑥 = 3, 𝑦 = 6
17) The values of ‘x’ and ‘y’ when a point lies on the linear equation
2x - 3y = 12 Model-1∶2021
A) x = 0, y = -3 B) x = 2, y = 3 C) x = 3, y = -2 D) x = -2, y = +3
18) Identify the wrong statement with respect to a pair of linear equations
A) If lines are parallel there is no solution Model-1 ∶ 2020
B) If the lines are perpendular to each other, there is no solution
C) Many solutions if the lines coincide each other
D) A unique solution if they intersect
19) The values of ‘x’and ‘y’which satisfy the linear equation 2x + 3y = 16 are
A) x = 5, y = 2 B) x = 2, y = 5 C) x = −5, y = −2 D) x = −5, y = 2
20) By solving a pair of linear equations x + y = 8 and 2y − x = 1, the values
of ‘x’ and ‘y’ are Model-2 ∶ 2021
A) x = 3, y = 5 B) x = 4, y = 4 C) x = 5, y = 3 D) x = −5, y = -3
21) The pair of equations of lines as shown in the graph are July ∶ 2021
A) x + y = 1 and 2x – y = 1
B) 2x + y = 2 and x + y = 2
C) 2x - y = 2 and 4x – y = 4
D) y - x = 0 and x – y = 1
22) In a class, ''the number of boys (x) is 5 more than the number of girls (y)."
The linear equation form of this statement is Model-QP:2023
A) x - y = 5 B) x = 5y C) y - x = 5 D) x + y = 5
23) The equation of the line which is parallel to the line represented by the
equation 4x-8y=11 is PREP-2023
A) x − 2y = 0 B) 2x + 3y = 9 C) x + 2y = 4 D) x + y = 8
24) The lines represented by the equations 4x + 5y – 10 = 0 and
8x + 10y + 20 = 0 are April-2023

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-21

 A) intersecting lines B) perpendicular lines to each other
C) coincident lines D) parallel lines
25) The lines represented by the pair of linear equations x + 2y = 8 and
2x + 4y = 10 are Model-QP:2024
A) intersecting each other B) perpendicular to each other
C) coincident D) parallel to each other
26) x + 2y = c1 and 2x + 4y = c2 are pair of linear equations. If 2c1 ≠ c2 then the
equations have PREP-2024
A) One solution B) Two solutions C) Infinite solutions D) No solution
27) If the pair of lines represented by Linear equations x + ky = 4 and
2x + 4y = 12 are parallel lines then the value of ′𝑘′ is Exam-3:2024
A) -2 B) 2 C) 4 D) -4
Answers : 1.A, 2.A, 3.A, 4.B, 5.C, 6.D, 7.C, 8.C, 9.A, 10.B, 11.B, 12.B, 13.C, 14.B, 15.C,
16.A, 17.C, 18.B, 19.A, 20.C, 21.C, 22.A, 23.A, 24.D, 25.D, 26.D, 27.B

ONE MARK QUESTIONS :

1) Write the general form for a pair of linear equations in two variables
‘x’ and ‘y’ ? Model ∶ 2021
Ans : 𝑎1𝑥 +𝑏1𝑦 +𝑐1 = 0 and 𝑎2𝑥 +𝑏2𝑦 +𝑐2 = 0
2) If a pair of linear equations in two variables are inconsistent then write how
many solutions do they have. Model ∶ 2022 & April : 2022, June ∶ 2022
Ans : No solution
3) Write number of solutions that the pair of linear equations a1x+b1y+c1 = 0
and a2x+b2y+c2 = 0 have (c1 ≠ c2 ) PREP QP-2022
Ans : If c1 ≠ c2 then the given pair of equations are parallel.
Hence they have no solution.
4) In the pair of linear equations 𝑎1𝑥 +𝑏1𝑦 +𝑐1 = 0 and 𝑎2𝑥 +𝑏2𝑦 +𝑐2 = 0
𝐚𝟏 𝐛𝟏
𝐢𝐟 ≠ then how many solutions they have ? Sept : 2020
𝐚𝟐 𝐛𝟐
Ans : Equations have unique solution (one)
5) How many solutions do the pair of linear equations has, if the lines
represented by them are coincident? Model-QP:2023
Ans : Many solutions.
6) If a pair of linear equations represented by lines has no solutions
( inconsistent ) then write what kinds of lines are these. June-2019
Ans : Parallel lines.
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-22
7) The given graph represents a pair of linear equations
in two variables. Write how many solutions these pair of
equations have. April : 2019
Ans. : one or unique solutions.
8) If the pair of lines represented by the linear equations x + 2y – 4 = 0 and
ax + by – 12 = 0 are coincident lines, then find the values of ‘a’ and ‘b’.
a1 b1 c1
Ans. : If the lines are coincident then, = = April-2023
a2 b2 c2
1x +2𝑦 − 4 = 0 and a𝑥 +b𝑦 - 12 = 0
1
=2= 4
a b 12
a = 3, b = 6
9) If the pair of Linear equations 4x + py + 8 = 0 & 4x + 4y + 2 = 0
represent parallel lines then find the value of ‘p’. PREP ∶ 2020
Ans : If two lines are parallel then,
a1 b1 c1
= ≠
a2 b2 c2
4 p
⇒4=4⇒ 4p = 16
P=4
10) How many solutions do the pair of linear equations 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 4 = 0 and
3𝑥 +2𝑦 - 5 = 0 have ? June-2023
Ans. : 𝑎1 = 1 , 𝑏1 = 2, c1 = -4 and 𝑎2 = 3, 𝑏2 = 2, 𝑐2 = -5
a1 1 b1 2
a2
= 3, b2
= 2 =1
a1 b1
Here ≠
a2 b2
∴ Equations have unique solution.
11) How many solutions have the pair of linear equations 2x+3y-9 = 0 and
4x + 6y - 18 = 0? Model-1 ∶ 2021
Ans : 𝑎1 = 2 , 𝑏1 = 3, 𝑐1 = -9 and 𝑎2 = 4, 𝑏2 = 6, 𝑐2 = -18
𝐚𝟏 2 1 b1 3 1 c1 –9 1
= 4
= , b2
=6= , = =
𝐚𝟐 2 2 c2 – 18 2
a1 b1 c1
= =
a2 b2 c2
⇒ They are co-incident lines.
So they have infinitely many solutions.
12) In equation x + y = 7, if x = 3, then find the value of y ? Model-2 ∶ 2021

Ans : 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 7 ⇒ 3 + 𝑦 = 7
⇒𝑦 =7-3 ⇒𝑦=4
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-23
13) 5 pencils and 7 pens together cost Rs. 50, whereas 7 pencils and 5 pens
together cost Rs. 46. Form a pair of linear equations.
Ans : 5𝑥 + 7𝑦 = 50 & 7𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 46
14) A person buys 3 bats and 2 balls by paying Rs.960. If a bat costs Rs.300,
find the cost of one ball. Exam-3:2024
Ans. : Cost of one bat = x and Cost of one ball = y
3x + 2y = 960
3x 300 + 2y = 960
900 + 2y = 960
2y = 960 – 900 = 60
y = 30

15) Find the number of solutions of the pair of linear equations 2x –3y + 4 = 0
and 3x+5y + 8 = 0 APRIL : 2024
Ans. : 2x – 3y + 4 = 0
3x + 5y + 8 = 0
a1= 2, b1 = -3, c1= 4, a2 = 3, b2= 5, c2 = 8
a1 2 b1 –3 c1 4
= 3, = and =8
a2 b2 5 c2
a1 b1
≠
a2 b2
∴ Exactly one or unique solution.
16) If the lines representing the pair of linear equations are intersecting lines,
then how many solutions do they have ? JUNE-2024
a1 b1
Ans. : If two lines are intersecting then, ≠
a2 b2
∴ Exactly one or unique solution

TWO MARKS QUESTIONS :

1) Find the solution for the pair of linear equations : June-2019
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 14 & 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 4
Ans : 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 14 ------(1)
𝑥 −𝑦 = 4 ------(2)
Add Eqn(1) and (2), we get
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 14
𝑥 −𝑦 = 4
2𝑥 = 18
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-24
 x = 9
Substitute x = 9 in Eqn(1), 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 14
9 + y = 14
y = 14–9
y=5

2) 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 6 and 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 2 then find 𝑥 and 𝑦. Model ∶ 2020

Ans : 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 6 ------(1)
2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 2 ------(2)
Add Eqn(1) and (2) we get,
2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 6
2𝑥 −𝑦 = 2
4𝑥 = 8
𝑥= 2
Substitute x = 2 in Eqn(1), 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 6
2x2 + y = 6
y=6–4
y=2

3) Find the solution for the pair of linear equations :

3x + 2y = 11 & 5x – 2y = 13 PREP ∶ 2020
Ans : 3x + 2y = 11 ----- (1)
5x – 2y = 13 ----- (2)
Add Eqn(1) and (2), then we get,
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 11
5𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 13
8x = 24
x = 24
8
x=3
Substitute x = 3 in Eqn(1)
3 x 3 + 2y = 11
2y = 11 - 9
2y = 2
y=1

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-25

4) Solve : 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 11 and 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 8 June : 2020
Ans : 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 11 -----(1)
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 8 ------(2)
Eqn(1) - Eqn (2) then,
2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 11
(-)𝑥(-)+𝑦 =(-)8
𝑥 = 3
Substitute x = 3 in Eqn(2) , 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 8
3+𝑦=8
𝑦=8-3
y=5
5) Solve the following pair of linear equations by any suitable method :
x + y = 5 and 2x – 3y = 5 March-2019
Ans. : x + y = 5 ------(1)
2x – 3y = 5 ------(2)
Multiply Eqn(1) by 3, we get
3𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 15 ------(3)
Add Eqn(2) and Eqn(3)
2x - 3y = 5
3𝑥 +3𝑦 = 15
5x = 20
x=4
Substitute the value of x = 4 in equation (1), x + y = 5
4+y=5
y=1
6) Solve : 10𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 75, 6𝑥 - 5𝑦 = 11 Model ∶ 2020

Ans : (10𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 75) ------ (1) x 5

(6𝑥 − 5𝑦 = 11) ------ (2) x 3
50x + 15y = 375 ------ (3)
18𝑥 – 15𝑦 = 33 ------ (4)
Add Eqn(3) and (4) we get
50x + 15y = 375
18𝑥 – 15𝑦 = 33
68x = 408
x =6
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-26
Substitute x = 6 in Eqn(1),
10𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 75
10x6 + 3y = 75
60 + 3y = 75
3y = 75 - 60
y=5
7) Show that the lines represented by linear pair of equations 2x + 3y = 1 and
5x + 6y = 2 are intersecting lines by comparing their co-efficients. Model ∶ 2022

Ans : 𝑎1 = 2 , 𝑏1 = 3, 𝑐1 = -1 and 𝑎2 = 5, 𝑏2 = 6, 𝑐2 = -2
a1
=2, b1
= 3
= 1 c1
, = –1
a2 5 b2 6 2 c2 –2
a1
Here ≠ b1
a2 b2
∴ They are intersecting lines.

8) The difference of two numbers is 26 and one number is thrice of other.

Find the two numbers. PREP-2019
Ans:
Let one number be ‘x’ and the other is ‘y’.
From given, x - y = 26 ---------- (1)
From given, x = 3y
x – 3y = 0 ------------ (2)
Subtract Eqn(2) from (1),
x - y = 26
(-) x–(+)3y = 0
2y = 26
y = 13
Substitute y = 13 in Eqn(1),
x - 13 = 26
x = 26 + 13
x = 39
∴ One number x = 39
∴ Other number y = 13
9) Five years ago, age of Gouri thrice the age of Ganesh. After ten years,
age of Gouri twice the age of Ganesh. Find the age of Gouri and Ganesh.

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-27

Ans: MODEL ∶ 2020

Let the present age of Gouri is ‘x’and

Let the present age of Ganesh is ‘y’
From given, 5 years ago, x-5 = 3(y-5)
x - 5 = 3y - 15 x - 3y = -10 --------- (1)
After 10 years, x + 10 = 2(y+10)
x+ 10 = 2y + 20 x - 2y = 10 ------------- (2)
Subtract Eqn(2) from (1),
x - 3y = -10
(-) x (+)- 2y =(-)10

- y = -20
y = 20
Substitute y = 20 in Eqn (1),
x – 3x20 = -10
x – 60 = -10
x = -10+ 60
x = 50
∴ Gouri’s age = x = 50 , Ganesh’s age = y = 20

10) Find the value of k, if the pair of linear equations 2x – 3y = 8 and

2(k – 4 )x – ky = k + 3 are inconsistent. June : 2019
Ans : 2𝑥 - 3𝑦 = 8 and 2(k – 4) x - ky = k + 3
a1 = 2, b1 = -3, c1 = -8 , a2 = 2(k – 4) , b2 = - k , c2 = -(k + 3)
a1
If the pair of linear equations inconsistent then, = b1
a2 b2
2
= –3
𝟐(𝐤 – 𝟒) –k
-2k = -3 x 2(k-4)
-2k = -3( 2k – 8)
-2k = -6k +24
6k -2k = 24
4k = 24
k=6
11) If the lines represented by the pair of linear equations, 2x + 3y - 8 = 0 and
ax + by - 16 = 0 are coincident then find the values of ‘a’ and ‘b’ PREP-2023
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-28
 Ans. : 𝑎1 = 2 , 𝑏1 = 3, c1 = -8 and 𝑎2 = a, 𝑏2 = b, 𝑐2 = -16
a1
If two lines are co-incident, = b 1 = c1
a2 b2 c2
2 3 –8
= =
a b – 16
2 3 1
= =
a b 2
2
= and 3 = 1
1
a 2 b 2
a = 4, and b = 6

EXERCISE :
1) Solve : 3x + y = 15 , 2x ˗ y = 5 Ans : x = 4, y = 3 Model-1 ∶ 2021
2) Solve by elimination method Model-2 ∶ 2021
x + y = 8 & 2x ˗ y = 7 Ans: x = 5, y = 3
3) Solve the pair of linear equations by elimination method. Model QP ∶ 2022
2x + y = 3 & 4x – y = 9 Ans : 𝑥 = 2 , y = (-1)
4) From suitable method find ‘x’ and ‘y’: Model ∶ 2019
2𝑥 +3𝑦 +5 = 0 , 3𝑥 −2𝑦 −12 = 0 Ans. : x = 2 , y = (-3)
5) Using suitable method, find the solution for the pair of linear equations :
2𝑥 +3𝑦 = 11, 2𝑥 −4𝑦 = -24 Sept : 2020
Ans : 𝑥 = (-2), y = 5
6) Solve the pair of linear equations by elimination method. PREP-2022
2x + y = 14 & x – y = 4 Ans : x = 6, y = 2
7) Solve: 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 – 11 = 0, 5𝑥 - 2𝑦 -13 = 0 PREP ∶ 2020
Ans. : 𝑥 = 3, y = 1
8) Solve the pair of linear equations by elimination method.
2x + y = 8 and x – y = 1 Ans : 𝑥 = 3 , y = 2 March-2022
9) Solve the given pair of linear equations. 2x+ y = 7 & x- y = 2 Model-QP:2023
Ans : 𝑥 = 3 , y = 1
10) Solve the given pair of linear equations : 2x - y = 4 & x + y = 11 PREP-2023
Ans. : 𝑥 = 5 , y = 6
11) Find the solution for the given pair of linear equations : June-2023
x + y = 10 & 2x - y = 8 Ans.: 𝑥 = 6 , y = 4
12) “The difference between two positive numbers is 26 and one number is 3 times the other.”
Represent this statement in the form of the pair of linear equations. PREP-2022
Ans. : x – y = 26 and x = 3y
13) Solve the given equations by elimination method : 2x + 3y = 7, 2x + y = 5
Ans. : x = 2, y = 1 JUNE-2022
14) Solve by elimination method : 2x + 3y = 14 & 2x + y = 10 Model-QP:2024
Ans. : x = 4, y = 2
15) Solve the given pair of linear equations : 4x + y = 15 & x + y = 6 PREP-2024
Ans. : x = 3, y = 3

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-29

16) Solve by elimination method : 2x + y = 8 & 3x - y = 7 APRIL : 2024
Ans. : x = 3, y = 2
17)Solve by elimination method : 2x + y = 8 & x-y= 1 JUNE-2024
Ans. : x = 3, y = 2
18) Solve by elimination method : x + 2y = 5 & x-y=2 Exam-3:2024
Ans. : x = 3, y = 1
THREE MARKS QUESTIONS :
1) After 10 years, X will be twice as old as Y. Ten years ago, the age of X was
six times that of Y. Then find their present age? MODEL ∶ 2020
Ans :From given,
x+10 = 2(y+10)
x+10 = 2y+20
x - 2y = 10 ---------- (1)
From given,
x - 10 = 6(y-10)
x-10 = 6y – 60
x - 6y = -50 ---------- (2)
Subtract Eqn(2) from Eqn(1),
x - 2y = 10
(-) x–(+)6y = -(+)50
4y = 60
y = 15
Substitute y = 15 in Eqn(1),
x – 2x15 = 10
x = 10 + 30
x = 40
∴ Present age of x = 40 and present age of y = 15

𝟖
2) A fraction becomes 𝟏𝟏 if 2 is added to both the numerator and denominator.
If 3 is subtracted from both numerator and denominator it becomes 𝟐𝟓.
Find the fraction. Model ∶ 2020
x
Ans : Let the fraction be y.
x+3 8
From given, =
y+3 11
11(x+3) = 8(y+3)

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-30

 11x + 33 = 8y + 24
11x - 8y = -9 --------- (1)
x– 3 2
From given, =
y– 3 5
5(x-3) = 2(y - 3)
5x - 15 = 2y - 6
5x - 2y = 9 ---------- (2)
Multiply Eqn(2) by 4
20x - 8y = 36 -------- (3)
Subtract Eqn(1) from (2)
20x - 8y = 36
(-)11x –(+)8y =(+)-9
9x = 45
x=5
Substitute x = 5 in Eqn (2),
5x5 - 2y = 9
25 – 2y = 9
-2y = 9-25
-2y = -16
y=8
𝐱 𝟓
∴ The fraction is =
𝐲 𝟖

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-31

 FOUR MARKS QUESTIONS :
1) Find the solution of the following pairs of linear equation by the
graphical method : 2x + y = 6 and 2x – y = 2 April : 2019
Ans : 2x + y = 6 ⇒ y = 6 – 2x
x 0 1 2 3
y 6 4 2 0
(x,y) (0,6) (1,4) (2,2) (3,0)

2x – y = 2 ⇒ -y = 2 – 2x ⇒ y = 2x - 2
x 0 1 2 3
y -2 0 2 4
(x,y) (0,-2) (1,0) (2,2) (3,4)

2) Find the solution of the following pairs of linear equation by the

graphical method : 2𝑥 +𝑦 = 8 , 𝑥 −𝑦 = 1 June : 2019
3) Find the solution of the following pairs of linear equation by the
graphical method : 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 7 , 3𝑥 - 𝑦 = 1 June : 2020

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-32

4) Find the solution of the following pairs of linear equation by the
graphical method : 2𝑥 +𝑦 = 8 , 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 5 SEPT ∶ 2020
5) Find the solution of the following pairs of linear equation by the
graphical method : 2x + y = 5 & x + y = 4 PREP ∶ 2020
6) Find the solution of the following pairs of linear equation by the
graphical method : 2x + 3y = 12 & x – y = 1 PREP-2019
7) Find the solution of the following pairs of linear equation by the
graphical method : 2x + y = 6 & 2x – y = 2 PREP-2020
8) Find the solution of the following pairs of linear equation by the
graphical method : 2x + y = 10 , x + y = 6 Model-1 ∶2021
9) Find the solution of the following pairs of linear equation by the
graphical method : x + y = 5, 2x ˗ y = 4 Model-2 ∶ 2021
10) Solve graphically : x + y = 5 & x – y = 1 Model-QP-2022
11) Find the solution of the given pair of linear equations by graphical
method : x + y = 5 and 2x – y = 4 PREP-2022
12) Find the solution of the given pair of linear equations by graphical
method : x + 2y = 6 & x+y=5 March-2022
13) Find the solution of the pair of linear equations by graphical method :
2x – y = 7 & x – y = 2 June-2022
14) Find the solution of the given pair of linear equations by graphical method.
x + y = 5 & 2x + y = 7 Model-QP : 2023
15) Find the solution of the given pair of linear equations by graphical method :
x + y = 5 & 3x - y = 3 PREP-2023
16) Find the solution of the given pair of linear equations by graphical method :
2x + y = 8 and x – y = 1 April-2023
17) Find the solution of the given pair of linear equations by graphical method :
x + y = 5 and 2x + y = 6 June-2023
18) Find the solutions of the given pair of linear equations by graphical method :
x + y = 4 & 2x + y = 7 Model-QP : 2024
19) Find the solution of the given pair of linear equations by graphical method :
2x + y = 8 and x + y = 5 PREP-2024
20) Find the solutions of the given pair of linear equations by graphical method :
2x + y = 8 & x + y = 5 APRIL : 2024
21) Find the solutions of the given pair of linear equations by graphical method :
x + 2y = 6 & x + y = 4 Exam-2:2024& Exam-3:2024

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-33

 UNIT-4. : QUADRATIC EQUATIONS.
Standard form of a quadratic equation : ax2 + bx + c = 0 Standard
form of a pure quadratic equation : ax2 + c = 0
–b±√b 2–4 a c
Roots of a quadratic equation (Quadratic Formula) : x =
2a
Discriminant of a quadratic equation : ∆ = b – 4ac 2

Nature of Roots :
Sl.
Discriminant Nature of roots
No.

01. b2 – 4ac > 0 Two distinct real roots

02. b2 – 4ac = 0 Two equal real roots

03. b2 – 4ac < 0 No real roots

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS :

1) “The product of two consecutive positive integers is 30.” This can be
expressed algebraically as April-2019

A) x ( x + 2 ) = 30 B) x ( x – 2 ) = 30 C) x ( x – 3 ) = 30 D) x ( x + 1 ) = 30
2) The sum of the squares of two consecutive odd numbers is 394. The
mathematical equation for the above statement is
A) x2 +(x+1)2 =394 B) x2 +(x+2)2 =394
C) (x+1)2 + (x+2)2 =394 D) x+(x+2)2 =394
3) Degree of a linear equation is June ∶ 2020
A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3
4) The standard form of quadratic equation is : Model-2-2020
A) ax2 – bx + c = 0 B) ax2 + bx + c = 0 C) ax2 – bx - c = 0 D) ax2 + bx - c = 0
5) The standard form of 2x2 = x - 7 April-2022
2 2
A) 2x - x = -7 B) 2x + x -7 = 0 C) 2x - x + 7 = 0 D) 2x2 + x + 7 = 0
2

6) When the quadratic equation 5x2 = 2(2x + 3) is expressed in the standard

form, the constant term obtained is Model-2-2020
A) 5 B) 6 C) 4 D) -6
7) The constant term in the quadratic equation 3x2 -3(2x-4)=0, after
reducing it to the standard form ax2 +bx+c=0 is Model-1-2020
A) 3 B) 4 C) -12 D) 12
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-34
8) The quadratic equation in the following, PREP-2022
A) x2 - 3x + 2 = 0 B) 2x + 3 = 0 C) x2 - 5x + 6 D) 2x3 + 7x + 1= 0
9) The quadratic equation in the following,
1 1
A) 3x + y – 8 = 0 B) x2 + 2x + 3 = x2 C) x2 + =0 D) x + =0
x x
10) The roots of the equation (x -3)(x + 2) = 0 are JULY-2021
A) -3, 2 B) 3, -2 C) -3, -2 D) 3, 2
11) If the sum of two consecutive integers is 27, then the integers are July-2021
A) 7 and 20 B) 13 and 14 C) 1 and 26 D) -13 and -14
12) One root of the quadratic equation (2x-3) (x+5)=0 is -5, then the other
root is Model-1-2021
–3 3 2
A) 5 B) C) D)
2 2 3
𝟏
13) x2 – 2x + 1= 0 then x + is equal to PREP-2019
𝐱
A) 1 B) 3 C) 2 D) 4
14) The roots of the quadratic equation 4x2 - 81 = 0 are Model-II-2021

2 9 81 9
A) ± B) ±√ C) ± D) ±
9 2 4 2
15) In finding the roots of the quadratic equation 6x2 − x − 2 = 0 by the
method of factorisation, the middle term ‘−x’ can be written as
A) 3x and −4x B) −3x and +4x C) −3x and −4x D) −5x and 4x
2
16) The roots of the quadratic equation x + 3x + 2 = 0 are Model-II-2020
A) -1 & -2 B) 1 & 2 C) -2 & -3 D) 2 & 3
17) If one root of the equation 2x2 + ax + 6 = 0 is 2, then the value of ‘a’ is
7 –7
A)7 B) C) -7 D) JULY-2021
2 2
18) The discriminant of a quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c=0 is……. PREP-2023
A) a2 – 4bc B) b2 – 4ac C) a2 + 4bc D) b2 + 4ac
19) The discriminant of the Quadratic equation px 2 + qx + r = 0 is JULY-2021
A) q2 – 4pr B) q2 + 4pr C) p2 – 4pr D) p2 + 4qr
20) If the discriminant of quadratic equation is 𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐 = 0 then the nature
of roots MODEL-2019
A) Real and distinct B) Real and equal
C) No real roots D) Roots are unequal and irrational
21) The nature of roots of the equation 2x 2 – 4x – 3 = 0 is _
A) real and distinct roots B) real and equal roots
C) no real roots D) none of these

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-35

22) The nature of the roots of the quadratic equation x2 -2x+1=0 are
A) real and equal B) real, rational and distinct
C) real, irrational and distinct D) complex
23) If the value of the discriminant of a quadratic equation is zero then the
nature of the roots are Model-2022
A) Real distinct and irrational B) Real and equal
C) Real distinct and rational D) Not real
24) If the roots of the quadratic equation x2 + 6x + k = 0 are equal, then the
value of ‘k’ is: Model-1-2020
A) 9 B) -9 C) 8 D) 5
25) x( x + 1 ) = 5 is a June-2022
A) linear equation B) quadratic equation
C) cubic equation D) quadratic polynomial
26) If the nature of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 is ‘real and distinct’
then PREP-2024
A) a2 – 4ac > 0 B) b2 – 4ac = 0 C) a2 – 4ac = 0 D) b2 – 4ac > 0
27) The discriminant of the equation x2 + 4x + 4 = 0 is JUNE-2024
A) 0 B) 12 C) 16 D) 48
28) The discriminant of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 is Exam-3:2024
A) b2 – 4ac B) c2 – 4ab C) b2 + 4ac D) a2 + 4ab
Answers : 1.D, 2.B, 3.B, 4.B, 5.C, 6.D, 7.D, 8.A, 9.D, 10.B, 11.B, 12.C, 13.C, 14.D, 15.A,
16.A, 17.C, 18.B, 19.A, 20.B, 21.A, 22.A, 23.B, 24.A, 25.B, 26.D, 27.A, 28. A

ONE MARK QUESTIONS :

1) Write the standard form of quadratic equation. Model-2021, March-22 & June-22

Ans. : Standard form of quadratic equation : a𝑥2 +b𝑥 + c = 0 , a ≠ 0

2) Express the equation x ( 2 + x ) = 3 in the standard form of a quadratic
equation. April-2023
2
Ans. : x (2 + x ) = 3 ⇒ 2x + x = 3
Standard form : x2 + 2x – 3 = 0
3) Write 𝐱+𝟏 = 𝟏 in the standard form of a quadratic equation. June ∶2020
𝟐 𝐱
Ans. : x+1 1
=
2 x
x(x+1) = 2x1
x2 + x = 2
∴ x2 + x – 2 = 0
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-36
4) Express the quadratic equation 2x = 3x2 – 5 in the standard form.
Ans.: Model-QP:2024
2x = 3x2 – 5
3x2 – 2x – 5 = 0
5)Write the discriminant of a𝑥2 +b𝑥 + c = 0 Model-2019
Ans. : Discriminant (∆) = b2 - 4ac
6)Write the discriminant of 𝑝𝑥2 +𝑞𝑥 − 𝑟 = 0. Model-2020
Ans. : Discriminant (∆) = b2 - 4ac
∆ = q2 + 4pr
7) Find the value of discriminant of the quadratic equation 2x2 –4x +3 = 0
Ans. : Here a = 2, b = (-4), c = 3 April-2019
Discriminant(∆) = b2 - 4ac
= (-4)2- 4x 2x 3
= 16 – 24
∆ = (–8)
8) Find the discriminant of the quadratic equation x²-2x-3=0. Model-QP:2023
Ans : a = 1 , b = (-2) & c = (-3)
Discriminant (∆) = b2 - 4ac
∆ = (-2)2-4x1x(-3)
∆ = 4 + 12
∆ = 16
9) Find the discriminant of the quadratic equation 2x2 – 4x + 3 = 0. April-2023
Ans. : a = 2 , b = -4 & c = 3
Discriminant (∆) = b2 - 4ac
∆ = (-4)2-4x2x(3)
∆ = 16 - 24 = -8
∴ Discriminant = (– 8)
10) Find the value of discriminant of the quadratic equation x²- 5x + 1= 0.
Ans. : a = 1 , b = (-5) & c = 1 June-2023
Discriminant (∆) = b - 4ac
2

∆ = (-5)2-4x1x1
∆ = 25 - 4
Discriminant (∆) = 21
11) If the value of discriminant of a quadratic equation is zero, then write the
nature of roots of the quadratic equation. APRIL : 2024

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-37

 Ans. : ∆ = b2 − 4ac = 0
Roots are equal and real
12) One root of the equation (x+4)(x+3) = 0 is (-4) then, find the another root
of the equation. Ans. : SEPT ∶ 2020
(x+4)(x+3) = 0
One root is (-4) then,
Another root is : (x+3) = 0
x = (-3)
13) Find the roots of the equation (x - 1)(x + 3) = 0. PREP-2024
Ans: (x - 1)(x + 3) = 0
x – 1 = 0 or x + 3 = 0
x = 1 or x = (-3)
TWO MARKS QUESTIONS
1) Write (𝑥 −2)2 + 1 = 2𝑥 + 3 in to standard form of quadratic equation.
Ans. : (𝑥 −2)2 +1 = 2𝑥 +3 April : 2019
𝑥2 +4 - 4𝑥 + 1 = 2𝑥 +3 { ∵ (a-b)2 = a2+b2-2ab }
𝑥2 +4 - 4𝑥 +1 -2𝑥 -3 = 0
Standard form : 𝑥2 -6𝑥 +2 = 0
2) Find the roots of the equation 𝑥2 +7𝑥 +12 = 0 by factorisation. June : 2019
Ans. : 𝑥2 +7𝑥 +12 = 0 +4𝑥
𝑥2 +4𝑥 +3𝑥 +12 = 0 +12𝑥2
(𝑥 +4) +3(𝑥 +4) = 0 +3𝑥
(𝑥 +3)(𝑥 +4) = 0 +7x
(𝑥 +3) = 0 and (𝑥 +4) = 0
∴ 𝑥 = (-3) and 𝑥 = (-4)

3) In a rectangular field, the length is thrice the breadth. The area of the
field is 147 sq.metre, then find its length and breadth. April : 2019
Ans. : Let the breadth of rectangular field is ‘x’.
Length of the rectangular field = 3x
Area of the field = 147 Sq.metres.
Area of rectangle = Length x Breadth

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-38

 147
x2 =
3
2
x = 49
x = ±7
Length is positive so, x = 7
∴ Length of the rectangular field = 3x7 = 21 metre.
Breadth of the field = 7 metre.
4) Find the discriminant of the equation 2𝑥2 −5𝑥 +3 = 0 and hence write
the nature of the roots. June : 2020
Ans. : Here, a = 2 , b = -5 &c = 3
Discriminant (∆) = b2 - 4ac
∆ = (-5)2 - 4x2x3
∆ = 25 - 24
∆=1>0
∴ Roots are real and distinct.
5) Find the nature of the roots of the equation 4𝑥2 −4𝑥 +1 = 0 June : 2019
Ans. : Here, a = 4 , b = (-4) & c = 1
Discriminant (∆) = b2-4ac
∆ = (-4)2-4x4x1
∆ = 16-16 = 0
∴ Roots are real and equal.
6) Find the value of discriminant of 2𝑥2 −5𝑥 -1 = 0, then write the nature
of roots. Sept : 2020
Ans. : 2𝑥2 −5𝑥 -1 = 0
Here, a = 2 , b = -5 & c = -1
Discriminant (∆) = b2 - 4ac
∆ = (-5)2-4x2x(-1)
∆ = 25+8 = 33
∴∆>0
∴ roots are real and distinct.
7) Find the value of discriminant of, 2x2 + x + 4 = 0 then, write the nature
of roots. PREP : 2020
Ans. : 2𝑥2 +𝑥 +4 = 0
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-39
 Here, a = 2 , b = 1 & c = 4
Discriminant (∆) = b2-4ac
∆ = (1)2 - 4x2x(4)
∆ = 1-32 = -31 < 0
∴ Roots are imaginary( no real roots)

8) Show that the roots of x2 + ax−4=0 are real and disctinct. Model-1-2020

Ans. : Here, a = 1 , b = a & c = (-4)

Discriminant (∆) = b2 - 4ac
∆ = (a)2- 4x1x(-4)
∆ = a2 + 16 > 0
∆ = Square number + 16 > 0
∴ Roots are real and distinct.

9) Find, for what value of ‘k’ the equation kx2 + 6x + 1 = 0 has equal roots.
PREP-2022
Ans : If the roots of an equation are equal, then discriminant is 0.
Here a = k , b = 6 & c = 1
Discriminant (∆) = b2- 4ac = 0
Discriminant (∆) = 62 – 4.k.1 = 0
36 – 4k = 0
4k = 36
k=9

EXERCISE :
1) Find the roots of the equation 3𝑥2 − 5𝑥 +2 = 0. MODEL-2020
2
Ans. : x = 1 and x =
3
2) Solve 2x2 - 7x + 3 = 0 by factorisation PREP-2019

Ans. : x = 3 and x = 1
2
2
3) Solve by factorisation. x + 5x + 6 = 0 Model-2-2020
Ans. : x = -2; x = - 3
4) Find the value of discriminant of, 2x 2 −6x+3=0 then, write the nature
of roots. Model-1-2020
Ans. : ∆ = 12 > 0 ∴ Roots are real and distinct.

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-40

5) Find the discriminant of the equation 3x2 −5x + 2 = 0 and hence write
the nature of roots. Model-2-2020
Ans. : ∆ = 1 ∴ Roots are real and distinct.
6) Find the value of the discriminant and hence write the nature of roots of
the equation x2 + 3x + 2 = 0 MODEL-2022
Ans : ∴ Roots are real and distinct.
7) Find the value of the discriminant of the equation 3x2 - 5x + 2 = 0
and hence write the nature of roots. PREP-2022
Ans : ∴ Roots are real and disctinct.
8) Find the value of the discriminant and hence write the nature of roots of
the quadratic equation x2 + 4x + 4 = 0. March-2022
Ans. : Nature : Two equal real roots
9) Find the value of the discriminant of the equation 4x2 – 12x + 9 = 0 and
hence write the nature of the roots. JUNE-2022
Ans. : ∆ = 0 ∴ The roots are real and equal.
10) Find the roots of the equation x2 – 7x + 12 = 0 by factorization method.
Ans.: x = 4 and x = 3
THREE MARKS QUESTIONS
1)A two digit number:is four times the sum of the digits. It is also equal to 3
times the product of digits. Find the number. 3-MODAL QP-2019
Ans. : Let the two digit number be ‘xy’.
Then the number = 10x + y. (Expanded form of the number ‘xy’)
Sum of the digits = (x + y)
According to given condition, Number = 4 x sum of the digits
10x+y = 4(x+y)
10x+y = 4x+4y
10x+y - 4x- 4y = 0
6x - 3y = 0 ÷ 3
2x - y = 0
2x = y ------------- (1)
According to given condition, 10x+y = 3.x.y
Substitute the value of y = 2x, then
10x+2x = 3x(2x)
12x = 6x2
6x2 -12x = 0
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-41
 6 (𝑥 -2) = 0
(𝑥 -2) = 0
𝑥=2
Substitute 𝑥 = 2 in eqn (1), y = 2x2 = 4
∴ The two digit number = xy = 24

2) The numerator of a fraction is 3 less than its denominator. If 2 is added to

both the numerator and the denominator, then the sum of the new fraction
and original fraction is 𝟐𝟗
𝟐𝟎
. Find the original fraction. MODAL QP-2019

Ans. : Let the Denominator of the fraction be ‘x’.

The numerator is 3 less than its denominator.
So the given fraction is ( x–3
x
)
If 2 is added to both the numerator and the denominator, then the new
x– 3+2 x– 1
fraction becomes = =
x+2 x+2
x–1 x–3
According to given condition, + = 29
x+2 x 20
x (x– 1 )+(x+2)(x– 3) 29
=
x(x+2) 20

x 2 –x + x 2 –3x+2x–6 29
=
x2+2x 20
2x 2 –2x–6 29
=
x2+2x 20
40x2 - 40x -120 = 29x2 + 58x
40x2 -29x2 - 40x -58x – 120 = 0 -110x
11x2 -98x – 120 = 0 -1320x2
11x2 - 110x + 12x– 120 = 0 +12x
11x( x – 10) + 12(x – 10) = 0 - 98x
(x – 10)(11x + 12) = 0
(x – 10) = 0 OR (11x + 12) = 0
– 12 – 12
x = 10 and x = [x = is not possible]
11 11
𝐱–𝟑 𝟕
The given fraction is ( )=
𝐱 𝟏𝟎
𝟗
3) The sum of two natural numbers is 9 and the sum of their reciprocals is
𝟐𝟎
Find the numbers. Model-1-2021
Ans. : Let the two natural numbers be ‘x’ and ‘y’.
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-42
 According to given, x + y = 9
y=9–x
1 1 9
According to given, + =
x y 20
1 1 9
+ =
x 9– x 20
20(9-x) + 20x = 9x(9-x)
180-20x +20x = 81x -9x2
180 = 81x – 9x2
x2 - 9x + 20 = 0 -5x
x2 -5x – 4x + 20 = 0 +20x2
x(x -5) - 4(x – 5) = 0 -4x
(x – 5)(x – 4) = 0 -9x
(x – 5) = 0 or (x – 4) = 0
x = 5 and x = 4
∴ The two natural numbers are 4 and 5

4) Find two consecutive odd positive integers, sum of whose squares is 290
Ans. : Model-2-2021

Let the two consecutive positive integers be x and (x+2)

According to given, x2 + (x + 2)2 = 290
x2 + x2 + 4x + 4 = 290
2x2 + 4x – 286 = 0
x2 + 2x – 143 = 0
x2 + 13x – 11x – 143 = 0
x (x + 13) – 11(x + 13) = 0
(x – 11)(x + 13) = 0
x – 11 = 0; x + 13 = 0
x = 11 and x = -13( x = -13 is not possible)
∴ The two consecutive integers are 11 and 13

5) The sum of the areas of two squares is 640m 2. If the difference between
their perimeters is 64m, then find sides of the square. MODAL QP-2020
Ans. :
Let the side of first square be ‘x’ m and the side of the second square be ‘y’m.
Area of the first square = x2 and the second square = y2
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-43
Perimeter of the first square = 4x and the second square = 4y
According to question,
Difference of perimeters of two squares = 64
4x – 4y = 64m ÷ 4
x – y = 16
x = (y + 16) -------(1)
According to question, Sum of areas of two squares = 640 m2
x2 + y2 = 640
Substitute x = (y + 16) in above eqn, then we get
(y +16)2 + y2 = 640
y2 + 32y + 256 + y2 = 640
2y2 + 32y -384 = 0 +24y
2 2
y + 16y -192 = 0 -192y
2
y +24y - 8y -192 = 0 -8y
y(y +24) - 8(y + 24) = 0 +16y
(y + 24)(y - 8) = 0
y = -24 or y = 8 [ y = -24 is not possible]
∴ the side of the second square is 8m and
the side of first square ‘x’ = 8 +16 = 24m

6) The sum of the squares of two positive integers is 400. If twice of one integer
is 8 more than the other integer, then find the integers. JUNE-2024
Ans. : Let the two positive integers be x and y.
x2 + y2 = 400 ............. (1)
By data, 2x = y + 8
y = 2x – 8 ............ (2)
Substitute (2) in (1)
x2 + (2x – 8)2 = 400
x2 + 4x2 – 32x + 64 = 400
5x2 – 32x + 64 – 400 = 0
5x2 – 32x – 336 = 0
5x2 – 60x + 28x – 336 = 0
5x(x – 12) + 28(x – 12) = 0
(x – 12)( 5x + 28) = 0
(x – 12) = 0 or ( 5x + 28) = 0
x = 12 or x = - 28 is not possible
5
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-44
 Since ‘x’ is a positive integer, x = 12
Another integer, y = 2x – 8 = 2(12) – 8 = 24 – 8
y = 16
∴ Required integers are 12 and 16.

7) The roots of the quadratic equation (a2 + b2 )x2 + 2(bc– ad)x + c2 + d2 = 0

are equal, show that ac + bd = 0 MODAL QP-2020
Ans. : If roots of an equation are equal, then the discriminant is 0.
Discriminant (∆) = b2- 4ac = 0
Here a = (𝑎2 +𝑏2) , b = 2(b𝑐 −𝑎d) & c = 𝑐2 +𝑑2
Discriminant (∆) = (2(bc-ad))2 – 4x(𝑎2 +𝑏2)x (𝑐2 +𝑑2)= 0
4(b2c2 + a2d2 -2abcd) – 4x(𝑎2 𝑐2+ a2𝑑2 +b2c2 + b2d2) = 0
(4b2c2 + 4a2d2 -8abcd – 4𝑎2𝑐2 - 4a2𝑑2 - 4b2c2 - 4b2d2) = 0
-8abcd – 4𝑎2𝑐2 - 4b2d2 = 0 ÷ (-4)
2abcd + 𝑎2𝑐2 + b2d2 = 0
(ac + bd )2 = 0 { ∵ (a+b)2 = a2+b2+2ab }
ac + bd = 0

8) The roots of the quadratic equation (a - b)x2 + (b – c)x + (c – a) = 0 are

equal. Then prove that 2a = b + c. PREP-2019
Ans. : If roots of an equation are equal, then the discriminant is 0.
Discriminant (∆) = b2- 4ac = 0
Here a = (𝑎 - b) , b = (b - c) &c = (𝑐 – a)
Discriminant (∆) = (b - c)2 – 4(𝑎 - b)x (𝑐 - a)= 0
b2 + c2 - 2bc – 4(ac - a2 – bc + ab) = 0
b2 + c2 - 2bc – 4ac + 4a2 + 4bc - 4ab = 0
4a2 + b2 + c2 - 4ab + 2bc – 4ac = 0
( -2a + b +c)2 = 0 { ∵ (a+b+c)2 = a2+b2+ c2+2ab+2bc+2ca}
-2a + b +c = 0
b +c = 2a

9) The sum of the reciprocals of Rehman’s age ( in years ) 3 years ago and his
𝟏
age 5 years from now is . Find his present age. June-2022 & PREP-2024
𝟑
Ans. :
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-45
 Let the present age of Rehman be ' x ' years.
3 years ago, his age was (x – 3) years.
After 5 years from now, his age will be (x + 5) years.
According to the condition,
1 1 1
+ = 3
x– 3 x+5
x+5+x–3 1
x2 + 5 x–3 x–1 5
= 3
2x+2 1
=
x2 + 2x–15 3
3(2x + 2) = x + 2x – 15
2

x2 + 2x – 15 – 6x – 6 = 0
x2 - 4x – 21 = 0
x2 – 7x + 3x – 21 = 0
x(x -7) + 3(x -7) = 0
(x – 7)(x + 3) = 0
(x – 7) = 0 or (x + 3) = 0
x = 7 or x = -3 (Age cannot be negative)
So x = 7
∴ Present age of Rehman is 7 years.
10) Age of mother is twice the square of age of her son. After 8 years mother’s
age is 4 years more than the thrice of age of her son. Find their present ages.
Ans. : APRIL : 2024
Let the present age of mother be ‘x’ years
and age of son be ‘y’ years
Then x = 2y2 ................ (1)
After 8 years,
Age of mother is ( x + 8 ) years
Age of son is ( y + 8) years
According to given problem,
x+8=3(y+8)+4
2y2 + 8 = 3y + 24 + 4 [ From (1) x = 2y2]
2y2 + 8 = 3y + 28
2y2 - 3y + 8 – 28 = 0
2y2 - 3y – 20 = 0
2y2 - 8y + 5y – 20 = 0
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-46
 2y ( y – 4 ) + 5 ( y – 4 ) = 0
∴ ( y – 4 ) ( 2y + 5 ) = 0
y – 4 = 0 or 2y + 5 = 0
y = 4 or y = -5
2

Since the age of a person cannot be negative, ignore the value of y = -5

2
∴ Present age of son = y = 4 years
Present age of mother = x =2y2 = 2×42 = 32 years.

11) To save fuel, to avoid air pollution and for good health two persons A and
B ride bicycle for a distance of 12 km to reach their office. As the cycling
speed of B is 2 km/h more than that of A, B takes 30 minutes less than that
of A to reach the office. Find the time taken by A and B reach the office .
Ans. : June ∶ 2020

Let the speed of A be ‘x’ km/h.

Distance 12
∴ The time taken by A to reach office = t1 = = hours
Speed x
The speed of ‘B’ is 2 km/h more than that of A.
∴ Speed of B = (x+2) km/h
12
∴ time taken by B, t 2 = hours
x+2
According to given, t1 – t2 = 30 minutes
12 12 1 1
x
- x+2
=2 [ 30 minutes =
2
hour]
12(x+2)– 12x 1
x(x+2)
=
2
12x+24– 12x 1
x2+2x
=
2
24 1
=
x2+2x 2
2
x +2x = 48
∴ x2 +2x – 48 = 0
x2 +8x – 6x – 48 = 0
x(x+8) – 6(x + 8) = 0
(x+8) (x- 6) = 0
x = (-8) and x = 6

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-47

 ∴ Speed of A is 6 km/h and Speed of B is 8 km/h
𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝟏𝟐
∴ Time taken by A = t1 = = = 2 hours.
𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐞𝐝 𝟔
𝟏𝟐
Time taken by B = t 2 = = 1.5 hours.
𝟔+𝟐
12) The diagonal of a rectangular playground is 60 m more than the smaller
side of the rectangle. If the longer side is 30 m more than the smaller side,
find the sides of the playground. Sept ∶ 2020&March-2022
Ans. : Let the smaller side BC = x.
Diagonal is 60m more than smaller side.
Diagonal AC = x + 60
Longer side is 30m more than the smaller side,
AB = x + 30
In ∆ABC, ∟B = 900 By Pythagoras theorem,
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
( x + 60)2 = ( x +30)2 + x2
x2 + 120x + 3600 = x2 + 60x + 900 + x2
x2 + 120x + 3600 - 2x2 - 60x - 900 = 0 -90x
- x2 + 60x +2700 = 0 -2700x2
x2 - 60x - 2700 = 0 +30x
x2 - 90x + 30x - 2700 = 0 -
60x
x(x - 90) +30(x - 90) = 0
(x - 90)(x + 30) = 0
(x
x =- 90m.
90) = &
0 x& (x + 30) = 0
= -30m.
∴ BC = x = 90 m
AB = x + 30 = 90+30 = 120 m
Diagonal AC = x + 60 = 90 + 60 = 150 m.

13) The diagonal of a rectangular field is 20 m more than the shorter side of it.
If the shorter side is 10 m less than the longer side, then find the sides of the
rectangular field. Model-QP:2024
Ans.: Let the smaller side BC = x. D C
Diagonal is 20m more than smaller side.
Diagonal AC = x + 20 A B

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-48

 Longer side is 10m more than the smaller side,
AB = x + 10
In ∆ABC, ∟B = 900 By Pythagoras theorem,
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
( x + 20)2 = ( x +10)2 + x2
x2 + 40x + 400 = x2 + 20x + 100 + x2
x2 + 40x + 400 - 2x2 - 20x - 100 = 0 -30x
- x2 + 20x +300 = 0 -300x2
x2 - 20x - 300 = 0 +10x
x2 - 30x + 10x - 300 = 0 -20x
x(x - 30) +10(x - 30) = 0
(x - 30)(x + 10) = 0
(x - 30) = 0 & (x + 10) = 0
x = 30m. & x = -10m (not possible)
∴ BC = x = 30 m
AB = x + 10 = 30+10 = 40 m
Diagonal AC = x + 20 = 30 + 20 = 50 m.

14) The altitude of a triangle is 6 cm more than its base. If its area is 108 cm2,
find the base and height of the triangle. SEPT ∶ 2020
Ans. :Let base BC = x.
∴ Altitude is 6 more than its base.
∴ AD = x + 6
Area of triangle = 108 cm2
A= 1 xb xh
2
108 = 12 . x . (x+6)
216 = x2 + 6x +18x
x2 + 6x – 216 = 0 -216x2
x2 + 18x -12x – 216 = 0 -12x
x(x +18) -12(x+18) = 0 +6x
x +18 = 0 & x-12 = 0
x = -18 & x = 12
∴ Base of triangle BC = x = 12 cm
Altitude AD = x + 6 = 12+6 = 18 cm
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-49
15) The perimeter and area of a rectangular play ground are 80m and 384m2
respectively. Find the length and breadth of the play ground. Model-1-2021
Ans. : Let the length = x, Breadth = y
Perimeter of the playground = 2x + 2y = 80
x + y = 40
y = 40 – x -------(1)
Area of the playground = xy = 384
Substitute, y = 40 – x in above equation.
x(40-x) = 384 -24x
40x-x2 = 384 384x2
x2 -40x +384 = 0 -16x
2
x -16x-24x +384 = 0 -40x
x(x-16) -24(x-16) = 0
(x-24)(x-16) = 0
x = 24 or x = 16
∴ Length of the plyground x = 24m and breadth y = 40 – 24 = 16m

16) A train travels 480 km at a uniform speed. If the speed had been
10km/h more, it would have taken 4 hours less for the same journey,
find the speed of the train ? Model-2-2021
Ans. : Let the speed of the train be ‘x’ km/h.
Time = Distance
Speed
480 480
According to given, - =4
x x+10
480(x+10) – 480(x) = 4(x + 10)(x)
480x + 4800 – 480x = 4x2 + 40x
4x2 + 40x - 4800 = 0
x2 + 10x - 12000 = 0
x2 + 40x – 30x - 12000 = 0
x(x + 40) - 30(x + 40) = 0
(x + 40)(x - 30) = 0
x = -40 or x = 30
∴ x = 30
∴ Speed of the train = 30 km/h

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-50

17) In a right angled triangle, the length of P
the hypotenuse is 13 cm. Among the
remaining two than the other side. (x + 7) 13m
Find the sides of the triangle.
Ans : March-2022
Let the length of one side of a right angled triangle be ‘x’. Q x R
Length of another side = (x + 7)
Length of hypotenuse = 13cm
In ∆PQR, By Pythagoras theorem
PR2 = PQ2 + QR2
132 = x2 + (x +7)2
169 = x2 + x2 + 14x + 49
x2 + x2 + 14x + 49 -169 = 0
2x2 + 14x -120 = 0
x2 + 7x -60 = 0
x2 -5x + 12x -60 = 0
x(x – 5) + 12(x – 5) = 0
(x – 5) (x + 12) = 0
(x – 5) = 0 or (x + 12) = 0
x = 5 or x = -12 (Not considered )
∴ length of one side of a right angled triangle = x = 5cm ,
Length of another side = (x +7) = 12 cm
18) The area and perimeter of a rectangular field are 60m² and 32m
respectively. Find the length and breadth of the field. Model-QP : 2023
Ans : Let length = x, breadth = y
Perimeter of a rectangular field = 2x + 2y = 32
x + y = 16
y = 16 – x
Area of the rectangular field = xy = 60
x(16-x) = 60
16x - x2 = 60
x2 - 16x + 60 = 0
x2 -10x - 6x + 60 = 0
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-51
 x(x-10) -6(x-10) = 0
(x-10)(x-6) = 0
x = 10 or x = 6
∴ Length of the field = 10m and breadth = 6m.

19) A bus travels 360 km distance with uniform speed. If the speed of the bus
had been 10km/h more, it would have taken 3 hours less for the same
journey. Find the speed of the bus. Model-QP : 2023
Ans : Let the speed of the bus ‘x’ km/h.
Distance = 360 km
Time = Distance
Speed
360
Time = x
From given, t1 – t2 = 3
360 360
- =3
x x+10
360(x+10) – 360(x) = 3(x + 10)(x)
360x + 3600 – 360x = 3x2 + 30x
x2 + 10x - 1200 = 0
x2 + 40x – 30x - 1200 = 0
x(x + 40) - 30(x + 40) = 0
(x + 40)(x - 30) = 0
(x +40) = 0 or x – 30 = 0
∴ x = 30 and x = (-40) Not possible
∴ Speed = 30 km/h

20) The distance between two cities ‘A’ and ‘B’ is 132 km. Flyovers are built to
avoid the traffic in the intermediate towns between these cities. Because of this,
the average speed of a car travelling in this route through flyovers increases by
11 km/h and hence, the car takes 1 hour less time to travel the same distance
than earlier. Find the current average speed of the car. April-2023
Ans. : Let the average speed of the car = x km/hr
Distance between two cities = 132 km
Time = Distance = 132
Speed x
132 132
According to given, - =1
x x+11

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-52

 132(x+11)– 132x
=1
x(x+11)
132(x+11) – 132x = 1(x + 11)(x)
132x + 1452 – 132x = x2 + 11x
x2 + 11x - 1452 = 0
x2 + 44x – 33x - 1800 = 0
x(x + 44) - 33(x + 44) = 0
(x + 44)(x - 33) = 0
x = -44 & x = 33
∴ x = 33 and x = (-44) not possible
∴ Average speed of the car ( x ) = 33 km/hr
∴ Current Average speed is ( x + 11 ) km/hr = 33 + 11 = 44 km/hr
21) A motor boat whose speed is 11km/h in still water takes 2 hour 45minutes
to go 12km upstream then to return downstream to the same spot. Find the
speed of the stream. PREP-2024
Ans.: Let the speed of the stream be ‘x’ km/h
Speed of the motor boat in still water = 11 km/h, Distance = 12 km.
Speed of the boat in upstream = (11 – x )km/h
Speed of the boat in downstream = (11 + x)km/h
Time = Distance
Speed
12
Time taken by the boat towards upstream t 1 = hours
11– x
12
Time taken by the boat towards downstream t 2 = hours
11+ x
According to given, t 1 + t 2 = 23
4
12 12
+ = 23
11– x 11+ x 4
12(11+ x)+ 12(11– x )
= 11
(11– x)(11+ x) 4
48(11 + x) + 48(11 − x) = 11(11 - x)(11 + x)
528 + 48x + 528 - 48x = 11(121 - x2 )
1056 = 1331 – 11x2
11x2 = 1331 - 1056
11x2 = 275
x2 = 275
11
x2 = 25
x = +5 or x = -5 is not possible
∴ Speed of the stream = 5 km/h

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-53

 𝟏 𝟏𝟎
22) If the discriminant of the quadratic equation x + = is zero, then find
𝐱 𝐤
the value of ‘k’. Exam-3:2024
1 10
Ans. : x + =
x k
2
x +1 10
=
x k
2
k(x + 1) = 10x
kx2 + k = 10x
kx2 - 10x + k = 0
a = k, b = -10, c = k
Discriminant (∆) = b2- 4ac = 0
Discriminant (∆) = (-10)2 – 4.k.k = 0
100 – 4k2 = 0
4k2 = 100
k2 = 100
4
2
k = 25
k = √25
k=±5
k = +5 and k = (-5)

FOUR MARKS QUESTIONS :

1) The ages of two students A and B are 19 years and 15 years respectively.
Find how many years it will take so that the product of their ages becomes
equal to 480. JUNE-2019
Ans. : Let the required years be ‘x’
According to given, (19+x)(15+x) = 480
285 +19x + 15x +x2 = 480
x2+34x +285 – 480 = 0 +39x
x2+34x -195 = 0 -195x2
x2+39x -5x-195 = 0 -5x
x(x +39) -5(x +39) = 0 +34x
(x +39)(x -5) = 0
(x +39) = 0 and (x -5) = 0
x = -39 and x = 5
Age is positive so, x = 5
∴ Required years = 5 years
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-54
2) Person ‘A’ is 26 years older than person ‘B’. The product of their ages
(in years) 3 years from now will be 360. Find the present ages of person
‘A’ and person ‘B’ PREP-2023
Ans. : Let the age of B be ‘x’.
So the present age of A = x + 26
After 3 years, Age of A = x + 29
Age of B = x + 3
From given, (x + 29)( x + 3) = 360
x2 + 3x + 29x + 87 = 360
x2+ 32x + 87 – 360 = 0 +39x
x2 + 32x -273 = 0 -273 x2
x2+ 39x -7x - 273 = 0 -7x
x(x +39) -7(x +39) = 0 +32x
(x +39)(x -7) = 0
(x +39) = 0 and (x -7) = 0
x = (-39) and x = 7
Age is always positive, So x = 7
∴ Present age of B = 7 years
∴ Present age of A = x + 26 = 7 + 26 = 33 years

3) Sanvi purchased some books for Rs. 120. If she purchased 3 more books
for the same amount each book would have cost her Rs. 2 less. Find the
number of books purchased by Sanvi and the price of each book. PREP-2020
Ans. : Let the books purchased by Sanvi be ‘x’
120
According to given, - 120 = 2
x x+3
120 (x+3 )–120x
=2
x(x+3)
120𝑥 + 360 − 120𝑥 = 2x2 + 6x
360 = 2x2 + 6x
2x2 + 6x – 360 = 0 +15x
x2 + 3x – 180 = 0 -180x 2

x2 + 15x –12x – 180 = 0 -12x

x( x + 15) – 12(x + 15) = 0 +3x
( x + 15) (x– 12) = 0 ;

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-55

 ( x + 15) = 0 and x -12 = 0
x = -15 is not possible , (x– 12) = 0 ⇒ x = 12 ,
∴ The number of books purchased by Sanvi = 12
𝟏𝟐𝟎
And price of each book = = Rs.10
𝟏𝟐

4) A student bought some books for Rs.60. Had he bought 5 more books for
the same amount each book would have cost him Rs. 1 less. Find the number
of books bought by him. June-2023
Ans. : Let the number of books be ‘x’.
Total price of books = Rs.60
60
∴ Price of each book = x
After purchasing 5 more books,
number of books = x + 5
60
∴ Price of each book =
x+5
According to data,
60 60
- =1
x x+5
60(x+5)– 60
x(x+5)
=1
60𝑥 + 300 − 60𝑥 = x2 + 5x
300 = x2 + 5x
x2 + 5x – 300 = 0 +20x
x2 + 20x – 15x - 300 = 0 2
-300x
x( x + 20) – 15(x + 20) = 0 -15x
( x + 20) (x– 15) = 0 ; +5x
( x + 20) = 0 x = - 20 is not possible
So (x– 15) = 0 ⇒ x = 15
∴ The number of books bought by that student = 15

5) A motor boat goes down the stream 30km and again returns to the starting
point in a total time of 4 hours and 30 minutes. If the speed of the stream is
5 km/hr, then the speed of the motor boat in still water. PREP-2020
Ans. :
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-56
 Speed of boat in still water = 𝑥 km/h
Speed of the stream = 5 km/h, Distance = 30km.
Total time = 4 hours and 30 minutes
Speed of the boat in upstream = (𝑥−5)km/h
Speed of the boat in downstream = (𝑥+5)km/h
Time = Distance
Speed
30
Time taken by the boat towards upstream = hours
x– 5
30
Time taken by the boat towards downstream = hours
x+5
30 30
According to given, + =41
x– 5 x+5 2
30(x+5)+30(x–5) 9
=
(x–5)(x+5) 2
30(𝑥 + 5)2 + 30(𝑥 − 5)2 = 9(𝑥 + 5)(𝑥 − 5)
60x + 300 + 60x – 300 = 9x2 – 225
120x = 9x2 - 225
9x2 – 120x - 225 = 0 ÷ 3
3x2 – 40x - 75 = 0 -45x
3x2 – 45x + 5x – 75 = 0 -225x2
3x(x – 15) + 5(x – 15) = 0 +5x
(3x+ 5)(x – 15) = 0; -40x
(3x+ 5) = 0 is not possible
∴ x – 15 = 0 ⇒ x = 15
∴ Speed of boat in still water = 15 km/h

6) A motor boat whose speed is 18km/h in still water takes one hour more to
go 24km upstream than the time taken to return downstream to the same
spot. Find the speed of the stream. PREP-2023
Ans. : Let the speed of the stream be ‘x’ km/h
Speed of the motor boat in still water = 18 km/h, Distance = 24km.
Speed of the boat in upstream = (18 – x )km/h
Speed of the boat in downstream = (18 + x)km/h
Time = Distance
Speed

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-57

 24
Time taken by the boat towards upstream = hours
18– x
24
Time taken by the boat towards downstream = hours
18+ x
24 24
According to given, - =1
18– x 18+ x
24(18+ x)– 24(18– x )
=1
(18 x)(18+ x)
24(18 + x) - 24(18 − x) = (18 + x)(18 – x)
432 + 24x - 432 + 24x = 324 - x2
x2 + 48x - 324 = 0 +54x
x2 + 54x - 6x – 324 = 0 -324 x2
x(x + 54) - 6(x + 54) = 0 -6x
(x+ 54)(x – 6) = 0; +48x
(x+ 54) = 0 is not possible
So x – 6 = 0 ⇒ x = 6
∴ Speed of the stream = 6 km/h
7) A train travels 360 km at a uniform speed. If the speed had been 5 km/h
more it would have taken 1 hour less for the same journey. Find the speed
of the train. MODEL-2022, June-2022 & Exam-3:2024
Ans. : Let the speed of the train be ‘x’ km/h.
Distance = 360km
Time = Distance
Speed
360
Time =
x
360 360
According to given, - =1
x x+5
360(x+5) – 360(x) = 1(x + 5)(x)
360x + 1800 – 360x = x2 + 5x
x2 + 5x - 1800 = 0
x2 + 45x – 40x - 1800 = 0
x(x + 45) - 40(x + 45) = 0
(x + 45)(x - 40) = 0
x = -45 or x = 40
∴ x = 40 and x = -45 is not possible
∴ Speed of the train = 40 km/h
8) An express train takes 1 hour less than a passenger train to travel 132km
between two towns A and B. The average speed of the express train is
11 km/hr more than that of a passenger train, find the average speed of
these trains. PREP-2022
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-58
Ans : Let the speed of the passenger train be ‘x’ km/h
Speed of the express train = (x + 11) km/h
Distance = 132 km
Time = Distance
Speed

Time taken by passenger train to travel 132 km = t1 = 132 hours

x
132
Time taken by express train to travel 132 km = t 2 = hours
x+11
From given, t1 –t2 = 1
132
- 132 = 1
x (x+11)
132(x+11)–132x
=1
x(x+1 )
132x + 1452 -132x = x2 +11x
1452 = x2 +11x
x2 +11x – 1452 = 0
x2 -33x + 44x – 1452 = 0
x(x-33) +44(x -33) = 0
(x-33)(x+44) = 0
x - 33 = 0 and x + 44 = 0
x= 33 and x = (-44) is not possible
x = 33
So, the speed of the passenger train = x = 33 km/h
Speed of the express train = (x + 11) = 44 km/h
𝟑𝟑+𝟒𝟒 𝟕𝟕
Average speed = = = 38.5 km/h
𝟐 𝟐

9) By selling an article for Rs.18.75 a person losses as much percent as it cost

him in Rupees. Find the cost price of the article. MODEL-2022
Ans. : Let the cost price of the article be ‘x’. Selling Price = Rs.18.75
By given, percentage loss = cost price = x
Loss = Cost Price – Selling Price
Loss = x - 18.75
Loss
% loss = x100
Cost Price
(x–18.75)
x= . 100
x
x2 = (x -18.75)100
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-59
 x2 = 100x - 1875
x2 -100x + 1875 = 0
x2 -75x -25x + 1875 = 0
x(x – 75) -25(x – 75) = 0
(x – 75)(x -25) = 0
(x – 75) = 0 or (x -25) = 0
x = 75 and x = 25
∴ The Cost Price of the article = 75 or 25
10) Find the roots of the following equation :
𝟏 𝟏
- = 𝟏𝟏 ( x ≠ -4 and x ≠ 7 ) PREP-2022
𝐱+𝟒 𝐱– 𝟕 𝟑𝟎
1 1 11
Ans : - =
x+4 x– 7 30
( x–7 ) –(x+4)
= 11
(x+4)(x–7) 30
x– 7 –x– 4
= 11
(x+4 )(x–7) 30
–11
= 11
(x+4)(x– 7) 30
–1 1
(x+4)(x–7)
=
30

(x+4)(x-7) = -30
x2 -7x +4x -28 = -30
x2 -3x -28 +30 = 0
x2 -3x + 2 = 0
x2 -2x - x + 2 = 0
x(x – 2) -1(x – 2) = 0
(x – 2)(x – 1) = 0
(x – 2) = 0 or (x – 1) = 0
x=2 and x = 1
11) The denominator of a fraction is 3 more than its numerator. The sum of
the fraction and its reciprocal is 𝟐𝟗. Find the original fraction. June-2023
𝟏𝟎
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-60
 Ans. : The numerator of the fraction be ‘x’.
denominator of the fraction = x + 3
x
Then the given fraction = ( ).
x +3
x+3
Reciprocal of the fraction =
x
x
According to data, + x+3 = 29
x +3 x 10
x .x+(x+3)(x+3) 29
x(x+3) =
10
x2+ x 2 +6x+9 29
=
x2+3x 10
2x2+6x+9 29
=
x2+3x 10
10(2x2 + 6x + 9 ) = 29 ( x2 + 3x)
20x2 + 60x + 90 = 29x2 + 87x
20x2 -29x2 + 60x - 87x + 90 = 0
-9x2 - 27x + 90 = 0 ÷ (-9)
x2 + 3x - 10 = 0
x2 +5x -2x - 10 = 0
x(x + 5) -2(x + 5) = 0
(x – 2)(x + 5) = 0
(x – 2) = 0 or (x + 5) = 0
x = 2 and x = -5 [x = -5 not possible ]
𝐱
∴ Given fraction = ( ) =𝟐
𝐱+𝟑 𝟓

12) If the quadratic equation (𝑏 −𝑐)x2 +(𝑐 −𝑎)𝑥 +(𝑎 −𝑏) = 0 has equal roots,
then show that 2𝑏 = 𝑎 +𝑐. JUNE-2019

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-61

 UNIT- 5. ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS:
Arithmetic progression : An arithmetic progression is a list of numbers in which
each term is obtained by adding a fixed number to the
preceding term except the first term.
* This fixed number is called the common difference(d) of the A.P.
* It can be positive, negative or zero.
Example : 1) 1, 2, 3, 4, ....................
2) 100, 80, 60, .................
3) -2, -1, 0, +1, ..................
4) 2, 2, 2, 2, ..................
The terms of the arithmetic progression are denoted by a1, a2, a3, a4, ............ an.
Common difference(d) = a2 – a1 = a3 – a2 = ................... = an – an-1 = an+1 – an
General form of an A.P. : a, a+d, a+2d, ................., a + (n-1)d
The first term of an A.P.is ‘a’ and common difference is ‘d’ then,
nth term of an A.P. : an = a + (n-1)d
nth term from the last term = l - (n-1)d [ l – last term ]
𝐧
Sum of ‘n’ terms of an A.P.: S n = {2a + (n-1)d }
𝟐
𝐧
Sum of ‘n’ terms : S n = {a + an } [When first term is ‘a’ and last term is ‘a n’]
𝟐
Sum of ‘n’ natural numbers Σn or Sn = 𝐧(𝐧+𝟏)
𝟐
Sum of ‘n’ even numbers : Sn = n(n+1)
Sum of ‘n’ odd numbers: Sn = n2
Sum of ‘n’ and (n-1) terms is given, then an = Sn - Sn-1
𝐚+𝐜
Arithmetic mean : a, b and c are in A.P. then, b = ( b-Arithmetic mean)
𝟐

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1) Which of the following is an Arithmetic Progression ? July ∶ 2021
A) 1, -1, -2, ............... B) 1, 5, 9, ................
C) 2, -2, 2, -2, .......... D) 1, 2, 4, 8, ............
2) The common difference of the Arithmetic progression 8, 5, 2, −1, ..... is
A) −3 B) - 2 C) 3 D) 8 March-2022
3) The common difference of the arithmetic progression 100, 93, 86, .......... is
A) 4 B) 8 C) 7 D) -7 Model-QP-2022
4) In an arithmetic progression 5, 3, 1, – 1, .... the common difference is
A) (–2) B) 2 C) (–3) D) 5. JUNE∶ 2022

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-62

5) If the n-th term of an arithmetic progression 𝑎n = 24 − 3𝑛, then its 2nd term is
A) 18 B) 15 C) 0 D) 2 March ∶ 2019
rd
6) If the n-th term of an arithmetic progression is 5𝑛+3, its 3 term is
A) 11 B) 18 C) 12 D) 13 June : 2019
7) If the n-th term of an arithmetic progression 𝑎n = 3n+6 , then its 8th term is
A) 25 B) 24 C) 30 D) 17 Prep ∶ 2020
8) If the nth term of an arithmetic progression an = 3n – 2, then its 9th term is
A) -25 B) 5 C) -5 D) 25 Sept ∶ 2020
9) If the n term of an arithmetic progression 𝑎n = 4𝑛 + 5, then its 3 rd term is
th

A) 5 B) 9 C) 13 D) 17 Model-1 ∶ 2020-21
10) The n-th term of an arithmetic progression 𝑎n = 4𝑛 + 5, then its 5 th term is
A) 20 B) 14 C) 25 D) 24 July ∶ 2021
11) If the nth term of an arithmetic progression is an = 3n+1, then the 4th term
of the progression is Model-QP:2023
A) 10 B) 13 C) 11 D) 12
12) If the n term of an arithmetic progression is 𝑎n = 2𝑛 + 1 then its (n-1)th
th

term is June-2023
A) (2n-2) B) (2n + 3) C) (2n-1) D) 2n-2
13) In an arithmetic progression, if 𝑎n =2𝑛 +1, then the common difference of
the given progression is June : 2020
A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3
th
14) The n term of an Arithmetic progression is given by an = 7 - 4n then the
common difference is Model-1 ∶ 2020-21
A) 4 B) -4 C) 3 D) -3
15) The n term ( an ) of the Arithmetic progression whose first term is ‘a’ and
th

common difference ‘d’ is Model-QP:2024

n
A) an = a + (n + 1) d B) an = [a + (n - 1) d ]
2
C) an = a + (n - 1) d D) an = a (n - 1 d
th
16) 10 term of an arithmetic progression 5, 9, 13,......... is Model-1 : 2019-20
A) 36 B) 31 C) 41 D) 21
17) The common difference of an A.P. 3, 1, −1, −3, .....
A) −2 B) 2 C) −5 D) 5
th
18) The 20 term of an Arithmetic progression 1, 5, 9, 13 ........ is
A) 77 B) 75 C) 76 D) 74 Model-2 ∶ 2021
th
19) The 11 term of the arithmetic progression -3, -1, 1, 3, ........... is
A) 23 B) -23 C) -17 D) 17 July ∶ 2021

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-63

20) The 10th term of an Arithmetic Progression 0, 4, 8, 12, . ...... is,
A) 36 B) 40 C) 44 D) 32.
21) An arithmetic progression contains 20 terms. If the first term is 2 and last
term is 78, then the arithmetic progression is JUNE-2024
A) 2, 5, 8, ........ B) 2, 7, 12, ........ C) 2, 6, 10, ........ D) 2, 4, 6, ........
22) Sn = 50, Sn-1 = 42, Then the value of an is Model-1 ∶ 2020-21
A) 50 B) 42 C) 20 D) 8
23) The sum of first 15 terms of an arithmetic progression is 465 and the sum
of first 14 terms of the same arithmetic progression is 406. Then its 15th
term is Model-2 ∶ 2021
A) 95 B) 59 C) 69 D) 58
24)The sum of first 10 terms of an arithmetic progression is 155 and the sum of
the first 9 terms of the same progression is 126 then the 10th term of the
progression is July ∶ 2021
A) 27 B) 126 C) 29 D) 25
25) The first term and the last term of an arithmetic progression are ‘a’
and ‘l’ respectively, then the sum of its first ‘n’ terms is Model-2 ∶ 2021
n(2a+l) n(a+(n–1)d) n(a+l) a(n+l)
A) Sn = B) S n = C) Sn = D) Sn =
2 2 2 2
26) The formula to find the sum of first ‘n’ terms of positive odd numbers is
A) Sn = n ( n+ 1) B) Sn = n ( n- 1) C) Sn = n3 D) Sn = n2 PREP∶ 2022
27) In an A.P. S1 = 5, S2 = 12 Then the common difference is Model-1 ∶ 2020-21
A) −2 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3
28) If 2, x, 14 are in Arithmetic Progression, then the value of ‘x’
A) 28 B) 16 C) 7 D) 8 Model-2 ∶ 2020-21
29) If 8, x, 20 are in arithmetic progression, the value of ʻxʼ is Model-2 ∶ 2021-22
A) 10 B) (−10) C) 14 D) 8
30) If 4, x, 10 are in Arithmetic Progression, then the value of ‘x’
A) 14 B) -6 C) -7 D) 7 July ∶ 2021
31) If 10, x, 18 are in Arithmetic progression, then the value of x is PREP-2023
A) 12 B) 13 C) 14 D) 16
32) If 2, x, 26 are in Arithmetic progression, then the value of x is APRIL : 2024
(A) 12 (B) 14 (C) 28 (D) 24
33) In the arithmetic progression x, 21, 18 . . . the value of “x” is PREP-2024

(A) 24 (B) 23 (C) 18 (D) -3

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-64

 34) The terms of an arithmetic progression are 18, a, b, -3, so a+b =
A) 19 B) 15 C) 11 D) 7
35) If x, 8, 11, y are the consecutive terms of an Arithmetic progression. The
values of ‘x’ and ‘y’ are respectively equal to Model-2 ∶ 2021
A) 6 and 13 B) 4 and 15 C) 3 and 16 D) 5 and 14
36) If 4, a, b, 28 are in Arithmetic progression then the value of ‘b’ is
A) 20 B) 19 C) 23 D) 32 Model-I ∶ 2021
37)7, a, b, 22 are the consecutive terms of an Arithmetic Progression ,
then the values of ‘a’ and ‘b’ are respectively equal to,
A) 11 and 16 B) 12 and 17 C) 13 and 17 D) 12 and 16
38) Two arithmetic progressions has the same common difference. If the first
term of the first progression is 3 and that of the other is 8, then the
difference between their 3rd term is Model-1 ∶ 2021
A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5
39) The sum of first ‘n’ terms of an arithemetic progression is given by the
formula Sn = 3n2 + n, then its 3rd term is Model-1 ∶ 2021
A) 14 B) 16 C) 22 D) 42
Answers : 1.B, 2.A, 3.D, 4.A, 5.A, 6.B, 7.C, 8.D, 9.D, 10.C, 11.B, 12.C, 13.C, 14.B, 15.C,
16.A, 17,A, 18.A,19.D, 20.A, 21.C, 22.D, 23.B, 24.C, 25.C, 26.D, 27.C, 28.D,
29.C, 30.D, 31.C, 32.B,33.A, 34.B, 35.D, 36.A, 37.B, 38.D, 39.B
ONE MARK QUESTIONS :
1) What is an Arithmetic progression ? June∶ 2022

Ans. : An arithmetic progression is a list of numbers in which each term is

obtained by adding a fixed number to the preceding term, except the first term.
2) In an Arithmetic Progression if ‘a’ is the first term and ‘d’ is the common
difference, then write its nth term. March-2022 & Exam-3:2024
Ans : an = a + (n – 1)d
3) The first and last terms of an Arithmetic Progression are ‘a’ and ‘an’, then
write the formula
n
to find the sum of ‘n’ terms. June∶ 2019
Ans : Sn = 2 {a + an }
4) The first term and common difference of an Arithmetic Progression are
6 and 5. Find the 3rd term of the progression. Model-1: 2020
Ans : a = 6, d = 5, n = 3, a3 = ?
a3 = a + 2d
a3 = 6 + 2x5 ∴ a3 = 16
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-65
5) If the n-th term of an arithmetic progression is an = 3n + 2, Find its 12th term.
Ans : 𝑎n = 3𝑛 + 2 Prep ∶ 2020
𝑎12 = 3x12 + 2
𝑎12 = 36 + 2
∴ 𝒂12 = 38
6) If the n-th term of an arithmetic progression is an = 3n - 2, Find its 2 nd term.
Ans :𝑎n = 3𝑛 - 2 Model-2 ∶ 2021
𝑎2 = 3x2 - 2
𝑎2 = 6 - 2
∴ 𝒂2 = 4
7) In an Arithmetic Progression, the 8 th term is 17 and 19th term is 39.
Find the common difference. Prep ∶ 2020
Ans : a8 = 17, a19 = 39, d = ?
a + 7d = 17 ------(1)
a = 17 – 7d
a + 18d = 39 -----(2)
17 – 7d + 18d = 39
11d = 39 – 17
11d = 22
d = 22
11
∴d=2
8) In an Arithmetic progression the sum of first four terms is 20 and the sum
of first three terms is 12 then find the fourth term of the arithmetic
progression. Model-QP ∶ 2022
Ans : S4 = 20, S3 = 12, a4 = ?
an = Sn – Sn-1
a4 = S4 – S3 = 20 – 12 ⇒ a4 = 8
9) The 17th term of an Arithmetic Progression exceeds its 10th term by 7.
Write the common difference of this progression. PREP∶ 2022
Ans : a17 = a10 + 7
a + 16d = a + 9d +7
16d -9d = 7
7d = 7
d=1
10) If x, 7, 10.... are in arithmetic progression the write the value of ‘x’. June-23
x+10
Ans. : Arithmetic Mean = =7
2
x + 10 = 14 ⟹ x=4
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-66
11) Find the 5th term of the Arithmetic progression 3, 1, – 1, .... . Model-QP:2024
Ans.: a = 3, d= 1-3 = -2, n= 5
an = a + (n-1)d
a5 = 3 + (5-1)(-2)
=3–8
a5 = (-5)
12) In an Arithmetic progression, sum of the first six terms and sum of the
first five terms are 78 and 55 respectively. Then find the sixth term of the
progression. APRIL : 2024
Ans. : S6 = 78, S5 = 55
an = Sn – Sn-1
a6 = S6 – S5 = 78 – 55
∴ a6 = 23
TWO MARKS QUESTIONS :
1) Find the 10th term of arithmetic progression 2, 7, 12, .... using the formula.
Ans : Given A.P.is: 2, 7, 12, ....... Model-2 ∶ 2021
Here, a = 2, d = 7-2 = 5, n = 10, 𝑎10 = ?
𝑎n = a +(n-1)d
𝑎10 = 2+(10-1)x5
𝑎10 = 2+9x5
∴ 𝑎10 = 47
th
2) Find the 25 term of the A.P. 2, 6, 10, 14, .........… Model-1∶ 2021
Ans : Here, a = 2, d = 6-2 = 4, n = 25, 𝑎25 = ?
𝑎n = a +(n-1)d
𝑎25 = 2+(25-1)x4
𝑎25 = 2+24x4
∴ 𝑎25 = 98
3) How many two-digit numbers are divisible by 3 ? Model ∶ 2019
Ans : Given A.P.is : 12, 15 , 18, ........ , 99
𝑎 = 12, d = 3 , an = 99 , n = ?
𝑎n = a +(n-1)d
99 = 12 +(n-1)3
99 = 12 +3n-3
99-9 = 3n
3n = 90
n = 30

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-67

4) Determine the AP whose third term is 16 and the 7th term exceeds the
5th term by 12.
Ans : From given, a3 = 16
a + 2d = 16 --------- (1)
From given, a7 = a5 + 12
a + 6d = a + 4d + 12
2d = 12
d=6
Substitute d = 6 in Eqn(1), we get
a + 2x6 = 16
a = 16 – 12
a =4
∴ Arithmetic Progression is : a , a+d, a+2d, ..... = 4, 10, 16, 22, ..........
5) Verify whether 130 is a term of the arithmetic progression 3, 7, 11 .........
Ans : Here, a = 3, d = 7-3 = 4, 𝑎n = 130, n = ? MODEL-QP-2022
𝑎n = a +(n-1)d
130 = 3+(n-1)x4
130 = 3+4n – 4
130 = 4n - 1
4n = 131
n = 131
4
Here, ‘n’ is not an integer.
∴ 130 is not a term of the arithmetic progression 3, 7, 11 .........
6) Find the sum of first 20 terms of Arithmetic series 2 + 7 + 12 + ... using
suitable formula. March ∶2019
Ans. : Here, a = 2, d = 7 – 2 = 5, n = 20, S20= ?
Sn = n {2a + (n − 1)d }
2
S20 = 20 {
2x2 + (20-1)5}
2
S20 = 10{4 + 19x5}
S20 = 10{ 4 + 95}= 10 x 99
∴ S20 = 990
7) Find the sum of first 15 terms of 3 + 6 + 9 .................. using the formula
Ans. : Here, a = 3, d = 6-3 = 3 , n = 15 , S15 = ? MODEL-QP-2022
n
Sn = {2a + (n − 1)d }
2
S15 = 15 {2x3 + (15 − 1)x3 }
2

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-68

 S15 = 15 {6 + 14x3 }
2
15
S15 = {6 + 42 }
2
15
= 2 x48
∴ S15 = 360
8) Find the 11th term from the last term of the A.P. 10, 7, 4, ..........., (-62).
Ans : If we write the given A.P. in the reverse order : -62, .......,4,7,10
Here, a = (-62), d = 7-4 = 3, n = 11, 𝑎11 = ?
𝑎n = a +(n-1)d
𝑎11 = -62+(11-1)x3
𝑎11 = -62+10x3
∴ 𝑎11 = -62+30 = (-32)
9) Find the sum of first 20 positive integers using formula. March-2022
Ans : Sn = n(n+1)
2
n = 20
20(20+1)
S20 =
2
20x2
=
2
= 10x21
S20 = 210
10) Find the sum of the first 30 positive integers divisible by 6. Model-1 ∶ 2021
Ans : Given A.P.is : 6, 12, 18, .............
Here, a = 6, d = 12-6 = 6 , n = 30 , S30 = ?
Sn = 𝐧{2a + (n-1)d}
𝟐
S30 = 30 {2x6 + (30 − 1)x6 }
2
30
S30 = {12 + 29x6 }
2
S30 = 15{12 + 174 }= 15x186
∴ S30 = 2790
11) Find how many terms of the arithmetic progression 3, 6, 9, .... must be
added to get the sum 165. JUNE∶ 2022
Ans. : Here a = 3, d = 6-3 = 3, Sn = 165, n = ?
𝐧
Sn = {2a + (n-1)d}
𝟐
n
165 = {2x3 + (n − 1)x3 }
2
n
165 = {6 + 3n − 3 }
2
n
165 = {3n + 3 }
2
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-69
 165 = n 3{n + 1 }
2
165x2
3
= n{n + 1 }
n{n + 1 } = 110
n{n + 1 } = 10x11
n = 10
∴ The sum of first 10 terms of the A.P. is 165
EXERCISE :
1) Find the 15th term of the arithmetic progression 3, 8, 13 .................. using the formula.
Ans : 𝑎15 = 73 PREP∶ 2022
th
2) Find the 30 term of the arithmetic progression 5, 8, 11 .............. using the formula.
Ans : 𝑎30 = 92 March-2022
3) Find the 15th term of the arithmetic progression 6, 10, 14 ............... using the formula.
Ans : 𝑎15 = 62 MODEL-QP-2022
4) Find the 12th term of the Arithmetic progression 2, 5, 8, ..... using formula.
Ans. : 𝑎12 = 35 March-2022
th
5) Find the 30 term of the arithmetic progression 7, 11, 15 ................. using formula.
Ans : 𝑎30 = 123 Model-QP: 2023
th
6) Find the 26 term of the Arithmetic progression 3, 7, 11, ................. by using formula.
Ans. : 𝑎26 = 103 PREP-2023
th
7) Find the 20 term of the Arithmetic progression 4, 7, 10, ..... by using formula.
Ans. : ∴ 𝑎20 = 61 April-2023
8) Find the 20th term of the Arithmetic progression 5, 9, 13 ................. by using formula.
Ans.: 𝑎21 = 85 June-2023
9) Find the sum of first 20 terms of Arithmetic series 3 + 7 + 11 + ... using suitable formula.
Ans. : S20 = 820 Prep ∶ 2020
10) Find the sum of 5+8+11+⋯ to 10 terms using formula. June-2020
Ans. : S10 = 185
11)Find the sum of first 20 terms of Arithmetic series 5 + 10 + 15 + ... using suitable formula.
Ans. S20 = 1050 Sept ∶ 2020
12) Find the sum of first 20 terms of Arithmetic series 3 + 8 + 13 + ... using suitable formula.
Ans : S20 = 1010 Model-1 ∶ 2021
13) Find the sum of 2+5+8+................. to 20 terms using the formula.
Ans. : S20 = 610
14) Find the sum of first 20 terms of the Arithmetic series 2 + 7 + 12 + ...... using the formula.
Ans. : S20 = 990 PREP∶ 2022
15) Find the sum of first 20 terms of the Arithmetic progression 10, 15, 20, ...using the formula.
Ans. : S20 = 1150 March-2022

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-70

16) Find the sum of arithmetic progression 7, 11, 15, ...... to 16 terms using formula.
Ans. : S16 = 592 June∶ 2022
17) Find the sum of first 30 terms of the Arithmetic progression 3, 7, 11, .... using formula.
Ans.: S30 = 1830 Model-QP:2024

18) Find the sum of first 20 terms of the Arithmetic progression 4, 9, 14, ............using formula.
Ans. : S20 = 1030 PREP-2024
19) Find the sum of the first 40 positive integers divisible by 6. PREP-2024
Ans. : S40 = 4920
20) Find the sum of first 20 terms of the Arithmetic progression 1, 5, 9, .... using formula.
Ans. : S20 = 780 APRIL : 2024
21) Find the sum of first 20 terms of the Arithmetic progression 5, 11, 17, .... using formula.
Ans. : S20 = 1240 JUNE-2024
22) Find the sum of first 20 terms of the Arithmetic progression 2, 5, 8, .... using
formula. Ans. : S20 = 610 Exam-3:2024

THREE MARKS QUESTIONS :

1) Find the sum of the first 40 positive integers divisible by 6. June-2023
Ans. : 6 + 12+ 18 + ------------------ 40 terms.
Here, a = 6, d = 12 - 6 = 6 , n = 40 , S40 = ?
Sn = n {2a + (n − 1)d }
2
40
S40 = {2x6 + (40 − 1)x6 }
2
40
= 2 {12 + 39x6}
= 20{12 + 234}
= 20 x 246
∴ S40 = 4920

2) The 2nd and 3rd term of an arithmetic progression are 14 and 18

respectively. Find the sum of first 26 terms of the arithmetic progression
using the formula. June-2023
Ans.: a2 = 14, a3 = 18, n = 26
d = a3 - a2 = 18 – 14
d=4
From given, a2 = 14
a + d = 14
a + 4 = 14
a = 14 – 4
a = 10
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-71
 a = 10, d = 4, n = 26
Formula : Sn = n {2a + (n − 1)d }
2
26
S26 = {2x10 + (26 − 1)x4 }
2
26
= 2 {20 + 25x4}
= 13{20 + 100}
= 13 x 120
∴ S26 = 1560
3) The seventh term of an Arithmetic progression is four times its second
term and twelfth term is 2 more than three times of its fourth term.
Find the progression. March-2019
Ans : 𝑎n = a +(n-1)d
From Given, 𝑎7 = 4(𝑎2)
a +6d = 4x(a+d)
a +6d = 4a+4d
3a - 2d = 0 ----------- (1)
From Given, 𝑎12 = 3(𝑎4)+2
a +11d = 3(a+3d)+2,
a +11d = 3a+9d+2
a- 3a + 11d -9d = 2
2a -2d = -2 --------- (2)
Eqn (1) - Eqn (2)
3a - 2d = 0
(-)2a –(+)2d = -(+)2
a = 2
Substitute a = 2 in Eqn (1)
3x2 – 2d = 0
-2d = -6
d=3
General form of A.P. : a , a+d, a+2d, .....
∴ Required A.P.is :2, 5, 8, ..........

4) The 12th term of an A.P. is -13 and sum of first four terms is 24. Find sum
of first 20 terms. Prep ∶ 2020
Ans : 𝑎n = a +(n-1)d
From given, 𝑎12 = (-13)
a +11d = -13 ----------- (1)
Sum of first four terms = 24
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-72
 a+ a+d+a+2d+a+3d = 24
4a +6d = 24 --------- (2)
Multiply Eqn (1) by 4,
4a +44d = -52 ----------- (3)
Eqn(3) - Eqn(2)
4a + 44d = -52
(-)4a +(-)6d = (-)24
38d = -76
d = -2
Substitute d = -2 in Eqn(1)
a + 11x-2 = -13
a = -13 + 22
a=9
Sum of first 20 terms :
Sn = n {2a + (n − 1)d }
2
20
S20 = {2x9 + (20 − 1)x − 2}
2
S20 = 10x{18 + 19x − 2 }
S20 = 10 x {18 − 38 }= 10 x -20
∴ S20 = (-200)
5) The 14th term of an Arithmetic Progression is twice the 8th term. The 6th
term is -8, then find sum of first 20 terms. Prep ∶ 2020
Ans : 𝑎n = a +(n-1)d
From given, 𝑎14 = 2x 𝑎8
a + 13d = 2(a+7d)
a + d = 0 ----------- (1)
From given, 𝑎6 = (-8)
a +5d = -8 --------- (2)
Eqn(1) - Eqn(2)
a + d = 0
(-)a +(-)5d = -(+)8
-4d = 8
d = (-2)
Substitute d = (-2) in Eqn(1)
a +(-2) = 0
a=2
Sum of first 20 terms :
Sn = n {2a + (n − 1)d }
2

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-73

 S20 = 20 {2x2 + (20 − 1)x − 2}
2
S20 = 10x{4 + 19x(−2) }
S20 = 10x{4 – 38}= 10 x {-34}
∴ S20 = (-340)
6) An arithmetic progression consists of 37 terms. The sum of the middle
term and its adjacent terms is 225 and the sum of its last 3 terms is 429,
then find the first three terms of the progression.
Ans :Arithmetic Progression is : a , a+d, a+2d, ........., a+36d
Middle term = 𝑎19 = a +18d
Its adjacent term are = 𝑎18 = a +17d, and 𝑎20 = a +19d
Sum of the middle term and its adjacent terms = 225
𝑎18+ 𝑎19 +𝑎20 = 225
∴ a +18d+ a +17d+ a +19d = 225
3a + 54d = 225 ------ (1)
Sum of its last 3 terms = 429
a35 + a36 + a37 = 429
a +34d+ a +35d+ a +36d = 429
3a + 105d = 429 -------- (2)
Subtract Eqn(1) by Eqn(2)
3a + 105d = 429
(-)3a +(-)54d = (-)225
51d = 204
d=4
Substitute d = 4 in Eqn(1)
3a + 54x4 = 225
3a = 225-216
a=3
∴ Arithmetic Progression is : a , a+d, a+2d = 3, 7, 11, .......
7) The ratio of 11th and 8th term of an A.P. is 2 : 3. Then find the ratio of 5th
and 21st term and ratio of sum of first 5 terms and sum of first 21 terms.
Ans : 𝑎n = a +(n-1)d
From given, 𝑎11 : 𝑎8 = 2 : 3
a+10d 2
=
a+7d 3
3(a+10d) = 2(a+7d)
3a + 30d = 2a+14d
a = -16d
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-74
 a+4d –16d+4d
𝑎5 : 𝑎21 = = = –12d = – 3
a+20 – 16d+20d 4d 1
𝑎5 : 𝑎21 = 3 : 1
Sn = n {2a + (n − 1)d }
2
S5 : S21 = 5 {2a + 4d } : 21 {2a + 20d }
2 2
5
= x2{a+ 2d } : 21 x
2{a + 10d }
2 2
= 5(-16d+2d) : 21(-16d + 10d)
= 5(-14d) : 21(-6d)
= -70d : -126d
∴ S5 : S21 = 5 : 9
8) The sum of Rs.700 is to be used to give seven cash prizes to students of a
school for their overall academic performance. If each prize is Rs.20 less than
its preceding prize, Find the value of each of the prizes. MODEL-QP-2022
Ans : Let the first prize be ‘a’
The amount of second prize = a – 20
The amount of third prize = a – 40
This is an AP with common difference (-20) and first term ‘a’
d = (-20), S7 = 700
Sn = n {2a + (n − 1)d }
2
700 = 72 {2a + (7 − 1)(−20)}
1400 = 7{2a -120}
1400
2a – 120 = 7
2a – 120 = 200
2a = 200 + 120
a = 160
So, the values of prizes Rs 160, 140, 120, 100, 80, 60 and 40.

9) Find the sum of all the multiples of 4 between 10 and 250. PREP-QP-2022
Ans : Let the given Arithmetic progression is 12, 16, 20, ................., 248.
Here a = 12, d = 16-12= 4, an = 248, n = ? and Sn = ?
an = a + (n-1)d
248 = 12 + (n -1)x4
248 = 12 + 4n - 4
248 = 4n + 8
4n = 248 -8
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-75
 n = 240
4
n = 60
n
Sn = {a + a n }
2
60
Sn = 2
{12 + 248}
Sn = 30{260}
Sn = 7800

10)A line segment is divided into four parts forming an Arithmetic progression.
The sum of the lengths of 3rd and 4th parts is three times the sum of the
lengths of first two parts. If the length of 4th part is 14 cm, find the total
length of the line segment. March-2019
Ans. : Four parts of line segment are : a , a+d, a+2d, a+3d.
From data, a3 + 𝑎4 = 3(𝑎1 + 𝑎2)
a+2d+ a+3d = 3(a+ a+d)
2a+5d = 6a + 3d
4a -2d = 0 ------ (1)
From data, 𝑎4 = 14 ⇒ a+3d = 14 --------(2)
Eqn (1) x 3 and Eqn (2) x 2 , then
(4a -2d = 0) x3 ⇒ 12a - 6d = 0 ------ (3)
(a+3d = 14) x2 ⇒ 2a +6d = 28 ------ (4)
Eqn(3) + Eqn(4)
12a -6d = 0
2a+6d = 28
14a = 28
a=2
Substitute a = 2, in Eqn (1)
4x2 - 2d = 0
-2d = -8
d=4
∴ Total length of the line segment = a + a+d + a+2d + a+3d = 4a+ 6d
= 4x2 + 6x4 = 8+24
∴ Total length of the line segment = 32 cm

11) Sum of first ‘n’ terms of an Arithmetic Progression is 210 and sum of
(n-1) terms is 171. First term of the A.P. is 3, then find A.P. Model-2 : 2020
Ans :

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-76

 Sn = 𝐧{2a + (n-1)d}
𝟐
n
210 = 2
{2x3 + (n − 1)xd}
420 = n{6 + (n − 1)xd} ------------- (1)
Sn - Sn-1 = an
210-171 = an
𝑎n = a +(n-1)d
39 = 3 + (n -1)d
(n -1)d = 36 --------- (2)
Substitute Eqn(2) in (1),
420 = n{6 + 36}
42n = 420
n = 10
Substitute n = 10 in Eqn (2)
(10-1)d = 36
9d = 36
d=4
∴ General form Arithmetic Progression is : a , a+d, a+2d, .....
∴ Arithmetic Progression : 3, 7, 11, ........
12) The sum of the first four terms of an A.P. is 38 and the sum of the first 7
terms is 98. Find the first term and common difference of the A.P. PREP-2023
Ans. : S4 = 38
Sn = n2 {2a + (n − 1)d }
S4 = 42 {2a + (4 − 1)d}
38 = 2{2a + 3d} ⇒ 2a + 3d = 19 --------- (1)
S7 = 98
98 = 7 {2a + (7 − 1)d}
2
7
98 = {2a + 6d}
2
2a + 6d = 987x 2
2a + 6d = 28 --------- (2)
Equation (2) – Equation (1) ,
2a + 6d = 28
(-)2a +(-)3d =(-)19
3d = 9
d=3
Common difference = 3
Substitute d = 3 in Equation (1)
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-77
 2a + 3(3) = 19 ⇒ 2a = 19 – 9
⇒ 2a = 10
⇒ a=5
First term = 5
13) The sum of first 9 terms of an Arithmetic progression is 144 and its 9th
term is 28 then find the first term and common difference of the Arithmetic
progression. April ∶ 2022
Ans : n = 9, a9 = 28, S9 = 144, a = ?, d = ?
Sn = n [ a + l ]
2
9
S9 = [ a + 28 ]
2
9
144 = [ a + 28 ]
2
144x2
= a + 28
9
32 = a + 28
a = 32 – 28
a=4
𝑎n = a +(n-1)d
𝑎9 = 4 +(9-1)d
28 = 4 +8d
8d = 28 – 4
d = 24
8
d=3
∴ First term a = 4 and common difference d = 3

14) Find the arithmetic progression whose third term is 16 and its 7th term
exceeds the 5th term by 12. JUNE∶ 2022
Ans. : 𝑎n = a +(n-1)d
According to given, a3 = 16
a + 2d = 16 -------------- (1)
According to given, a7 = a5 +12
a + 6d = a + 4d +12
6d - 4d =12
2d =12
d = 12
2
d=6
Substituting d = 6 in equation, a + 2d = 16
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-78
 a + 2 (6) = 16
a + 12 = 16
a = 16 – 12
a=4
∴ Arithmetic progression is a, a + d, a + 2d, .............. = 4, 10, 16, .....................

15) A student prepares a model of atomic structure that consists of four

concentric circular rings. The length of circumferences of these rings are in
A.P. The sum of the circumferences of the first three rings is 66cm and the
circumferences of the fourth ring is 44cm. Find the circumferences of the
third ring using formula. PREP-2023
Ans. :
A.P. is : a , a+d, a+2d, a+3d.
From given,
Sum of the circumferences of first three rings = 66 cm
a + a+d + a+2d = 66
3a+3d = 66
a + d = 22 - - - - - - - - (1)
From given,
The circumferences of the 4th ring = 44cm
a + 3d = 44 - - - - - - - - (2)
Equation (2) – Equation (1) ,
a + 3d = 44
(-)a +(-)d =(-) 22
2d = 22
d = 11
Substitute d = 11in Equation (1)
a + 11 = 22
a = 22 - 11
a = 11
∴ Circumferences of the third ring ü= a+2d = 11 + 2x11 = 33 cm

FOUR MARKS QUESTIONS:

1) The sum of the fourth and eighth terms of an arithmetic progression is 24
and the sum of the sixth and tenth terms is 44. Find the first three terms of
the Arithmetic progression. June : 2019
Ans : 𝑎n = a +(n-1)d
From given, a4 + a8 = 24
a +3d + a + 7d = 24
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-79
 2a + 10d = 24 -----------(1)
From given, 𝑎6 + 𝑎10 = 24
a +5d + a+9d = 44
2a + 14d = 44 ---------(2)
Eqn(2) - Eqn(1)
2a + 14d = 44
(-)2a +(-)10d =(-)24
4d = 20
20
d= ⇒ d=5
4
Substitute d = 5 in Eqn(1) 2a + 10d = 24,
2a + 10x5 = 24
2a + 50 = 24
2a = 24 – 50 ⇒ a = -13
General form of A.P.is a , a+d, a+2d,.....
∴ Required A.P.is : -13, -8, -3, ..........
rd
2) Sum of the first three terms of an A.P. is 33. Product of first and 3 term
exceeds the 2nd term by 29. Find the A.P. Model-1 : 2020
Ans : Let first term of an A.P. is = (a –d),
Second term = a, and third term = (a+d)
Sum of the first three terms = 33
a –d+ a+ a+d = 33
3a = 33 ⇒ a = 11
From given, Product of I and 3 term exceeds the 2nd term by 29,
st rd

(a-d)(a+d) = a + 29
a2 – d2 = a + 29
112 - d2 = 11 + 29
121 - d2 = 40
d2 = 121-40
d2 = 81 ⇒ d = 9
General form of A.P.is : a - d, a, a + d,.....
∴ Required A.P.is : 11-9, 11, 11+9, .......... = 2, 11, 20,.........
3) There are 5 terms in an Arithmetic Progression. The sum of these terms
is 55, and the fourth term is five more than the sum of the first two terms.
Find the terms of the Arithmetic progression. June : 2020

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-80

 Ans. : Five terms of A.P. are : a-2d, a-d, a, a+d and a+2d.
From given, sum of 5 terms = 55
a-2d +a-d+a+a+d+a+2d = 55
5a = 55
a = 11
From given, a4 = a1 + a2 +5
a + d = a-2d + a - d + 5
a + d – a +2d –a + d = 5
-a + 4d = 5
put a = 11, -11 + 4d = 5
4d = 5 + 11
d = 16
4
d=4
∴ The required A.P. is a-2d, a-d, a, a+d , a+2d = 3, 7, 11, 15, 19.
4) Sum of four consecutive terms of an Arithmetic progression is 32 and
the ratio of product of first and last term to product of middle terms is
7 : 15. Find the four terms. Model ∶ 2019
Ans: Let four terms of Arithmetic progression are a-3d, a - d, a+d, a+3d.
From given, Sum of four terms = 32
a-3d+a-d+a+d+a+3d = 32
4a = 32 a=8
The ratio of product of first and last term to product of middle terms = 7 : 15
(a-3d) x (a+3d) : (a-d)(a+d) = 7 : 15
a 2 –9d 2 7
=
a 2 –d 2 15
15a2 - 135d2 = 7a2 -7d2
15a2-7a2 - 135d2 + 7d2 = 0
8a2 - 128d2 = 0
8x82 -128d2 = 0
128d2 = 512 d2 = 4 d=2
Arithmetic progression : a-3d, a - d, a+d, a+3d
= 8-3x2, 8-2, 8+2, 8+3x2
∴ Arithmetic progression = 2, 6, 10, 14
5) Sum of first 8 terms of an Arithmetic Progression is 136 and Sum of first
15 terms is 465. Find the sum of first 25 terms. Model-2 : 2020
Ans : From given, S8 = 136

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-81

 Sn = n2 {2a + (n − 1)d }
S8 = 82{2a + (8 − 1)d}
136 = 4{2a + 7d}
2a + 7d = 34 --------- (1)
S15 = 465
465 = 15 2
{2a + (15 − 1)d}
465 = 152
{2a + 14d}
2a + 14d = 62 --------- (2)
Eqn(2) - Eqn(1)
2a + 14d = 62
(-)2a +(-)7d =(-)34
7d = 28
d=4
Substitute d = 4 in Eqn(1),
2a + 7(4) = 34 ⇒ 2a = 34 – 28 ⇒ a = 6
Sum of first twenty five terms :
Sn = n {2a + (n − 1)d }
2
25
S25 = {2x6 + (25 − 1)4}
2
25
S25 = { 12 + 96 }
2
25
S25 = x 108
2
S25 = 25x54
∴ S25 = 1350
6) The first term of two Arithmetic progressions are same and the ratio
between their common difference is 1 : 2. The 7th term of first progression
and 21st term of second progression are 23 and 125 respectively. Find the
two Arithmetic progressions. Prep ∶ 2020
Ans : Let ‘a’ and ‘d’ are first term and common difference of first A.P.
Let ‘A’ and ‘D’ are first term and common difference of second A.P.
From given, a = A; D = 2d; a7 = 23 ⇒ a + 6d = 23 ------- (1)
A21 = 125 ⇒ A + 20D = 125 ⇒ a + 40d = 125 ------ (2)
Eqn(2) - Eqn(1)
a + 40d = 125
(-)a +(-)6d =(-) 23
34d = 102
102
d=
34
d=3
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-82
 Substitute d = 3 in Eqn(1),
a + 6(3) = 23 ⇒ a = 23 – 18 ⇒ a = 5
and D = 2d = 2x 3 = 6
∴ The first A.P. is : a, a+d, a+2d = 5, 8, 11 . . .
The second A.P. is : A, A+D, A+2D = 5, 11, 17. . .
7) In an Arithmetic Progression 6 th term is one more than twice the 3 rd term.
The sum of the 4th and 5th terms is 5 times the 2nd term. Find the 10th term of
the Arithmetic Progression. June : 2020
Ans. : From given, a6 = 2a3 + 1
a + 5d = 2( a +2d) +1
a + 5d = 2a +4d +1
a - 2a + 5d -4d = 1
-a + d = 1 ------- (1)
From given, a4 + a5 = 5a2
a + 3d + a +4d = 5(a + d)
2a + 7d = 5a + 5d
2a – 5a + 7d – 5d = 0
-3a + 2d = 0
3a – 2d = 0 ------- (2)
Multiply Eqn(1) by 3
(-a + d = 1) x 3
-3a + 3d = 3 ------- (3)
Add Eqn(2) and Eqn (3)
3a -2d = 0
-3a +3d = 3
d=3
Substitute d = 3 in Eqn (1)
-a + d = 1
-a + 3 = 1
-a = 1-3
-a = -2
a=2
th
10 term of the Arithmatic Progression:
𝑎n = a +(n-1)d
a10 = a + 9d
a10 = 2 + 9x 3
a10 = 2 + 27
∴ a10 = 29
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-83
8) The sum of the first 7 terms of an arithmetic progression is 140 and the
sum of the next 7 terms of the same progression is 385 then find the
arithmetic progression. Model-1 ∶ 2021
Ans : The Arithmetic progression is : a , a+d, a+2d, .........
Sum of first seven terms :
Sn = n2 {2a + (n − 1)d }
S7 = 72 {2a + (7 − 1)d }
140 = 72 {2a + 6d }
140 = 7a + 21d
a + 3d = 20 ---------- (1)
From given, Sum of 14 terms = Sum of first 7 terms + Sum of last 7 terms.
Sum of 14 terms = 140+385 = 525
S14 = 14 {2a + (14 − 1)d } = 525
2
7{2a + 13d } = 525
2a + 13d = 75 ------- (2)
Multiply Eqn(1) by 2
2a + 6d = 40 ---------- (3)
Subtract Eqn(3) by Eqn(2)
2a + 13d = 75
(-)2a +(-) 6d =(-)40
7d = 35
d=5
Substitute d = 5 in Eqn (1),
a + 3x5 = 20
a = 20 - 15
a=5
∴ The required A.P. is : a , a+d, a+2d = 5, 10, 15, ..........

9) The sum of first 'n' terms of an arithmetic progression is 222 and sum of its
first (n-1) terms is 187. If the first term of the progression is 2, then find the
arithmetic progression. Model-QP : 2023
Ans : Sn = 222, Sn-1 = 187, a = 2, d = ?
Sn - Sn-1 = an
an = 222- 187 = 35
a + (n-1)d = 35
2 + (n-1)d = 35
(n-1)d = 35 – 2
(n-1)d = 33 ---------- (1)
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-84
 Sn = n{a + an}
2
222 = n2 {2
+ 35}
444 = nx37
n = 444
37
n = 12
Substitue n = 12 in equation (1)
(12- 1) d = 33
11 d = 33
d = 333
11
d=3
∴ Arithmetic progression = a, a+d, a+2d = 2, 2+3, 2+2x3 = 2, 5, 8, ..............
10) In an Arithmetic Progression of 50 terms, the sum of first 10 terms is 210.
And the sum of last 15 terms is 2565. Find the A.P. Model ∶ 2019
n
Ans : Sn = {2a + (n − 1)d }
2
From given, Sum of first 10 terms = 210
S10 = 10
2
{2a + (10 − 1)d } = 210 {2a + 9d } = 42 ------------(1)
Sum of last 15 terms = 2565 S50 – S35 = 2565
50 35
{2a + 49d } - {2a + 34d } = 2565
2 2
50(2a + 49d) – 35(2a+34d) = 2565x2
100a + 2450d – 70a - 1190d = 5130
30a +1260d = 5130 ( ÷ 15)
2a + 84d = 342 -------------- (2)
Eqn(2) - Eqn(1),
2a + 84d = 342
(-)2a +(-)9d = (-)42
75d = 300
d=4
Substitute d = 4 in Eqn (1),
2a + 9x4 = 42
2a = 42-36 = 8
a=4
∴ Arithmetic progression : a , a+d, a+2d = 4, 8, 12, ..........
11) The last term of an arithmetic progression consisting of 12 terms is 37. If
the sum of the two middle terms of the progression is 41, then find the
arithmetic progression and also the sum of the terms of the arithmetic
progression. MODEL-QP : 2023
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-85
 Ans : n =12, an = 37
an = a + (n-1)d
37 = a + (12-1)d
a + 11d = 37 ---------- (1)
From given, a6 + a7 = 41
a + 5d + a+6d = 41
2a + 11d = 41---------- (2)
Equation (2) - Equation (1)
2a + 11d = 41
(-)a +(-)11d =(-)37
a =4
a=4
Substitute a = 4 in equation (1) a + 11d = 37
4 + 11d = 37
11d = 37-4
d = 33
11
d=3
∴ Arithmetic progression : a , a+d, a+2d = 4, 7, 10, .......
Sn = n {2a + (n − 1)d }
2
S12 = 12
2
{2x4 + (12 − 1)3 }
S12 = 6{8 + 11x3 }
S12 = 6{8 + 33 }
S12 = 246
12) The sum of 2nd and 4th terms of an arithmetic progression is 54 and the
sum of its first 11 terms is 693. Find the arithmetic progression. Which term
of this progression is 132 more than its 54th term ? April-2023
Ans. : 𝑎n = a +(n-1)d
From given, a2 + 𝑎4 = 54
a +d + a + 3d = 54
2a + 4d = 54 ----------- (1)
n
Sn = 2 {2a + (n − 1)d }
From given,
11
693 = {2a + (11 − 1)d }
2
693 = 11 {2a + 10d }
2
693x2
11
= 2a + 10d
2a + 10d = 126 ----------- (2)
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-86
 Equation (2) - Equation (1)
2a +10d = 126
(-)2a +(-)4d =(-)54
6d = 72
d = 12
Put d = 12 in Equation (1)
2a + 4x12 = 54
2a + 48 = 54
2a = 54 - 48
2a = 6
a=3
∴ Required A.P.= a, a + d, a + 2d ....... 3, 3 + 12, 3 + 2 × 12 ..... 3, 15, 27 ...........
an = a54 + 132
a +(n-1)d = a +(54-1)d + 132
(n-1)12 = 53 x 12 + 132
(n-1)12 = 636 + 132
(n-1)= 76812
(n-1) = 64
n = 64 + 1 = 65
th
65 term of this progression is 132 more than its 54th term.
13) The first and the last terms of an arithmetic progression are 3 and 253 resp.
If the 20th term of the progression is 98, then find the arithmetic progression.
Also find the sum of the last 10 terms of this progression. April-2023
Ans. : a =3, a20 = 98
an = a + (n-1)d
a20 = 3 + (20-1)d
98 = 3 + 19d
19d = 98 – 3
19d = 95
d = 95
19
d=5
∴ Required A.P. = a, a+d, a+2d = 3, 3+5, 3+2x5 = 3, 8, 13, ..............
a =3, an = 253
an = a + (n-1)d
253 = 3 + (n-1)5
(n-1)5 = 253 – 3
(n-1)5 = 250
n – 1 = 250
5
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-87
 n – 1 = 50
n = 50 + 1 = 51
sum of the last 10 terms of this progression. = S51 – S41
Sn = n2 {2a + (n − 1)d }
S51 = 51
2
{2x3 + (51 − 1)5 }
S51 = 51
2
{6 + 50x5 }
S51 = 51
2
{6 + 250}
51
S51 = 2 x 256
S51 = 6,528
S41 = 41
2
{2x3 + (41 − 1)5 }
S41 = 41
2
{6 + 40x5 }
S41 = 41
2
{6 + 200}
S41 = 41 x 206
2
S41 = 4,223
Sum of the last 10 terms of this progression. = S51 – S41 = 6,528 – 4,223 = 2,305

14) There are 20 terms in an Arithmetic progression. The sum of the first term
and 6th term of the progression is zero. The 4th and 5th terms of the
progression are 2 and 6 respectively. Find the Arithmetic progression and
also find which term of the progression is 62. Model-QP:2024
Ans.: a4 = 2, a5 = 6, d = a5 – a4 = 6 – 2 = 4
From given, a + a6 = 0
a + a + 5d = 0
2a + 5x4 = 0
2a = -20
a = -10
∴ Arithmetic progression is a, a + d, a + 2d, ............
= -10, -10+4, -10+8, ...............
= -10, -6, -2, ...........
𝑎n = a +(n-1)d
𝑎n = 62, a = -10, d = 4, n = ?
62 = -10 + (n – 1)4
(n – 1)4 = 62 + 10
(n – 1)4 = 72
(n – 1) = 72
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-88
 (n – 1) = 18
n = 18 + 1
n = 19
∴ 19th term of the progression is 62.
15) An arithmetic progression consisits of 51terms. The 20th term from the last
term of this progression is 157. If the common difference is 5, then find the
Arithmetic Progression. PREP-2024
th nd
Ans : 20 term from the last = 32 from the first
d = 5, a32 = 157
an = a + (n – 1)d
157 = a + (32 – 1) 5
157 = a + 31 x 5
157 = a + 155
a = 157 – 155
a=2
∴ Arithmetic progression : a , a+d, a+2d = 2, 2+5, 2+5x2, .......... = 2, 7, 12, .......
16) The sum of 2nd and 4th terms of an arithmetic progression is 22 and the sum
of first 11term is 253. Find the arithmetic progression. If the last term is 67,
then find the number of terms of this progression. PREP-2024
Ans.:
S11 = 253, an = 67
Sn = n {2a + (n − 1)d }
2
253 = 11 {2a + (11 − 1)d }
2
253 = 11 {2a + 10d }
2
2a + 10d = 253x2
11
2a +10d = 46 ------------ (1)
a2 + a4 = 22
a + d + a + 3d = 22
2a + 4d = 22 ------------- (2)
Eqn(1) – Eqn(2)
2a +10d = 46
(-)2a +(-)4d =(-)22
6d = 24
d=4
Put d = 4 in 2a + 4d = 22 ,
2a + 4x4 = 22
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
 2a + 16 = 22
2a = 22 – 16
2a = 6
a=3
Arithmetic progression : a , a+d, a+2d = 3, 3+4, 3+4x2, .......... = 3, 7, 11, ........
an = a + (n – 1)d
67 = 3 + (n – 1) 4
67 = 3 + 4n - 4
67 = 4n – 1
4n = 67 + 1
4n = 68
n = 17
17) In an Arithmetic progression the sum of first ‘n’ terms is 210 and the sum
of first ( n – 1 ) terms is 171. If the first term of the Arithmetic progression
is 3, then find the Arithmetic progression and find its 20th term. APRIL : 2024
Ans. :
Sn = 210, Sn-1 = 171, an = ?
an = Sn - Sn-1
= 210 – 171
an = 39
Sn = 210, a = 3, an = 39, n = ?
n
Sn = (a + 𝑎 n )
2
n
210 = (3 +39)
2
n
210 = 2
(42)
210 = 21n
n = 210
21
n = 10
a = 3, n = 10, an = 39, d = ?
𝑎n = a +(n-1)d
39 = 3 +(10-1)xd
39 = 3 + 9d
9d = 36
d=4
Required A.P. is a, a +d, a + 2d ............
= 3, 3 + 4, 3 + 8.............
= 3, 7, 11, 15 ................
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
 a = 3, d = 4, n = 20, a20 = ?
𝑎n = a +(n-1)d
𝑎20 = 3 +(20-1)x4
= 3 + 19x4
𝑎20 = 79
18) The sum of interior angles of a polygon of ‘n’ sides is ( n – 2 )180°. If the
interior angles of a pentagon are in Arithmetic progression and its least
angle is 72°, then find all the interior angles of the pentagon. APRIL : 2024
Ans. :
The sum of interior angles of a polygon of n sides = (n – 2)180°
The sum of interior angles of a pentagon = (5 – 2)180° = 3 × 180° = 540°
a = 72, n = 5, Sn = 540, d = ?
Sn = n {2a + (n − 1)d }
2
540 = 5 { 2x72 + (5-1)d}
2
5
540 = { 144 + 4d}
2
5
540 = { 144 + 4d}
2
5
540 = x 144 + 5 x
4d
2 2
540 = 5x72 + 5x2d
540 = 360 + 10d
10d = 540 - 360
10d = 180
d = 18
The interior angles of the pentagon are
a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d, a + 4d
72, 72 +18, 72 + 2 ×18, 72 + 3 × 18, 72 + 4 × 18
72°, 90°, 108°, 126°, 144°
19) A person works in a shop from Monday to Saturday. His every-day
earnings are in an arithmetic progression. His total earnings from Monday
to Wednesday is Rs. 525 and Friday he gets Rs. 100 more than his
Monday’s earnings. Find his everyday’s earnings. Exam-3:2024
Ans. :
Let the person’s income from Monday to Saturday be
a, a+d, a+ 2d, a + 3d, a + 4d, a + 5d
According to data, His total earnings from Monday to Wednesday = 525
a+ a+d+ a+ 2d = 525

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 3a + 3d = 525 ÷ 3
a + d = 175 --------- (1)
According to data, his Friday earnings = Monday earnings + 100
a + 4d = a + 100
4d = 100
d = 25
Substituting d = 25 in eqn a + d = 175
a + 25 = 175
a = 175 - 25
a = 150
∴ His everyday income = a, a+d, a+ 2d, a + 3d, a + 4d, a + 5d
= 150, 150 + 25, 150+2x25, 150 + 3x25, 150+4x25, 150+5x25
= 150, 175, 200, 225, 250, 275
20) The angles of a quadrilateral are in arithmetic progression. If the sum of a
pair of opposite angles is 1300, then find the angles of the quadrilaterals.
Ans. : Exam-3:2024
Let the angles of the quadrilateral be a, a+d, a+ 2d, a + 3d
Sum of the angles of a quadrilateral = 3600
a+a+d+a+ 2d+a + 3d = 3600
4a + 6d = 3600
2a + 3d = 1800 ------------- (1)
Sum of a pair of opposite angles = 1300
a+a+ 2d = 1300
2a + 2d = 1300 ------------- (2)
Eqn (1) – Eqn(2)
2a + 3d = 1800
0
(-)2a + (-)2d = (-)130
d = 500
Put d = 500 in Eqn 2a + 3d = 1800
2a + 3x50 = 1800
2a = 1800 – 1500
2a = 300
a = 150
The angles of the quadrilateral = a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d
= 15, 15 +50, 15 + 2 ×50, 15 + 3 × 50
= 15°, 65°, 115°, 165°
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
21) The ratio of sum of ‘m’ and ‘n’ terms of an Arithmetic Progression is
m2 : n2. Show that the ratio of mth and nth terms is (2m - 1) : (2n - 1).
Ans : From given, Sm : Sn = m2 : n2 Prep ∶ 2020

Sn = n {2a + (n − 1)d }
2
Sm = m {2a + (m − 1)d }
2
m
Sm {2a+(m–1)d}
=
2
n
Sn {2a+(n–1)d}
2 2
Sm
= m{2a+(m–1)d} = m2
Sn n{2a+(n–1)d} n
{2a+(m–1)d} m
=
{2a+(n–1)d} n
2an +mnd-nd = 2am +mnd-md
2an -nd = 2am -md
2an - 2am = nd –md
2a(n-m) = d(n-m)
d = 2a -------(1)
𝑎n = a +(n-1)d
𝑎m = a +(m-1)d
am
= a+(m–1)d
an a+(n–1)d
am a+(m–1)2a
= [ ∵ d = 2a ]
an a+(n–1)2a
am a+2am–2a
=
an a+2an–2a
am 2 a m –a
=
an 2 a n –a
am a(2m–1)
=
an a(2n–1)
am (2m–1)
=
an (2n–1)
∴ the ratio of mth and nth terms = (2m - 1) : (2n - 1)
EXERCISE :

1) The sum of 5 th term and 9th term of an Arithmetic Progression is 40

and sum of 8th term and 14th term is 64. Find the sum of first twenty terms.
Ans: d = 3, a = 2, ∴ S20 = 610 Model-2 : 2020
2) An arithmetic progression consists of 37 terms. The sum of the first 3
terms of it is 12 and the sum of its last 3 terms is 318, then find the first
and last terms of the progression. Model-1 ∶ 2021
Ans. : d = 3 , a = 1, a37 = 109
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
3)The third term of an arithmetic progression is 8 and its ninth term exceeds
three times the third term by 2 find the sum of the first 19 terms.
Ans : d = 3, a = 2, ∴ S19 = 551 Prep ∶ 2019 & Model-2 : 2021
4) The sum of first eight terms of an A.P. is 100 and sum of first 19 terms
is 551. Find the Arithmetic progression. Board Prep ∶ 2019
Ans. : d = 3, a = 2 , Arithmetic progression is : 2, 5, 8, .......
th th th
5) The 14 term of an Arithmetic Progression is twice the 8 term. The 6 term
is -8. Find the sum of first 20 terms. Ans : d = -2 , a = 2 , ∴ S20 = -340
6) In an arithmetic progressive the sum of the three terms is 24, and their
product is 480, write three terms of the arithmetic progression?
Ans : a = 8, d = 2, Arithmetic progression : 6, 8, 10, ......... Model-2 ∶ 2021
th
7) In an A.P. the 7 times of 7 term is equal to 11 times of 11 term. Then find
its 18th term. Ans : a18 = 0
8) In an A.P. an = 10 -3n.Then find S40 . Ans : S40 = -2060
9) For what value of ‘n’ the two A.P.s 63, 65, 67, .................. and 3, 10, 17, .....
nth terms are equal ? Ans : n = 13

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 FIVE MARKS QUESTION :

1) The common difference of two different arithmetic progressions are equal.

The first term of the first progression is 3 more than the first term of second
progression. If the 7th term of first progression is 28 and 8th term of second
progression is 29, then find the both different arithmetic progressions.
Ans. : First Arithmetic Progression : a, a+d, a+2d, ....... SEPT ∶ 2020
Second Arithmetic Progression : b, b+d, b+2d, .......
From data, a = b + 3 --------- (1)
a7 = 28
a + 6d = 28 ---------- (2)
b8 = 29
b + 7d = 29 ---------------- (3)
Substitute Eqn (1) in (2)
a + 6d = 28
b + 3+ 6d = 28
b + 6d = 28 - 3
b + 6d = 25 ---------------- (4)
Substract (4) from (3)
b + 7d = 29
(-)b +(-)6d =(-)25
d=4
Substitute d = 4 in Eqn (2)
a + 6d = 28
a + 6x4 = 28
a + 24 = 28
a = 28 – 24 ⇒ a = 4
Substitute d = 4 in Eqn (3)
b + 7d = 29
b + 7x4 = 29
b + 28 = 29
b = 29 – 28
b =1
∴ First Arithmetic Progression is, : a, a+d, a+2d, .......
= 4, 4+4, 4+2(4) = 4, 8, 12, .......
Second Arithmetic Progression : b, b+d, b+2d, .......
= 1, 1+4, 1+2(4) = 1, 5, 9, ........

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

2) An Arithmetic progression contains 30 terms. The 17th term of the
progression is 4 more than thrice its fifth term. If the 10th term is 31, then
find the last three terms of the progression and also find the arithmetic
progression. JUNE-2024
Ans. : a17 = 3a5 + 4
a + 16d = 3(a + 4d) + 4
a + 16d = 3a + 12d + 4
a – 3a + 16d – 12d = 4
-2a + 4d = 4
2a – 4d = -4
2a = 4d – 4
a = 2d – 2 --------- (1)
By data,
a10 = 31
a + 9d = 31
2d – 2 + 9d = 31 ( from eqn (1))
11d = 31 + 2
11d = 33
d=3
Put d = 3 in eqn (1)
a = 2x3 - 2
a=6-2
a=4
30th term = a + 29d = 4 + 29x3 = 4 + 87 = 91
29th term = 91 - 3 = 88
28th term = 88 – 3 = 85
The progression is 4, 4 + 3, 7 + 3 = 4, 7, 10, -------

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 UNIT-6. : TRIANGLES:
Similar Figures : Two polygons of the same number of sides are similar, if
* their corresponding angles are equal and.
* their corresponding sides are in the same ratio (proportion).
Two triangles are similar, if
* their corresponding angles are equal and.
* their corresponding sides are in the same ratio.
Basic proportionality theorem : (Thales theorem)
“ If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect other two
sides in distinct points, the other two sides divided in the same ratio”
In ∆ABC, DE ║BC then, By Thales theorem, A
AD AE
DB
= EC
By corollary of Thales theorem, D E
AD AE DE
AB
= AC
= BC
B C
Converse of Thales theorem :
“If a line divides any two sides of a triangle in the same ratio, then the line is
parallel to the third side”
Criteria for similarity of Triangles :
Angle-Angle-Angle(A-A-A) Criterion of similarity of two triangles :
“If in two triangles, corresponding angles are equal, then their corresponding
sides are in the same ratio(or proportion) and hence the two triangles are similar”
Side-Side-Side(S-S-S) Criterion :
“If in two triangles, sides of one triangle are proportional (i.e. in the same ratio)
to the sides of the other triangle, then their corresponding angles equal and
hence the two triangles are similar”
Side-Angle-Side(S-A-S) Criterion :
“If in two triangles, one angle of a triangle is equal to one angle of the other
triangle and the sides including these angles are proportional, then the two
triangles are similar”

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS :

1) The true statement in the following Model-2:2021
A) two similar triangles are always congruent.
B) a square and a rectangle are always similar.
C) two equiangular triangles are always similar.
D) a square and a rhombus are always similar.
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
2) Which of the following pair of triangles are always similar Model QP : 2022
A) Two isosceles triangles B) Two scalene triangles
C) Two equilateral triangles D) Two right angle triangles
3) In the given figure ST ǁ QR then 𝐏𝐒 is equal to: P Model-2:2021
𝐒𝐐
PT PS PT PT
A) TR
B) TR
C) SQ
D) SR
S T

Q R
4) In ∆ABC, if XY ǁ BC then July ∶ 2021 A
AX AC
A) =
AB AY
AX AY
B) = X Y
BX CY
AX XY
C) =
BX AY
AB AC
D) = B C
BX AY
5) In the figure, if DE || BC, then the correct relation among the following is
AD
A) = AE A April-2023
AB EC
AD EC
B) =
DB AE
AD AE
C) = D E
DB EC
DB AE
D) = B C
AD EC
6) In triangle ABC if DE ǁ BC, then the correct relation among the following is
AD AE
A) = A June-2023
BD EC
AB EC
B) =
AD BD
AD CE
C) = D E
AE BD
DE AE
D) = B C
BC AD
7) In ∆ABC, DE ǁ BC, 𝐷E = 5cm, BC = 8cm, and A
AD = 3.5cm, then AB = ------- Model-2019
A) 5.6cm B) 4.8cm D E
C) 5.2cm D) 6.4cm

B C
8) In the figure, if Δ POQ ~ Δ SOR June -2020 R
and PQ : RS = 1 : 2, then OP : OS is P
A)1 : 2 B) 2 : 1 O
C) 3 : 1 D) 1 : 3
Q S
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
9) In the ∆ABC, if DE ǁ AC, then the correct relation is Sept-2020
A
A) BD AC BC BD DE BE
= = B) = =
AB DE BE AB AC BC
D
AB
C) = AC = BE D)
AD
= DE = BE
BD DE EC BD AC EC

10) D B E C

A
4.5cm
3cm

B C 4cmE ? F
In the figure ABC ∼ DEF. If AB = 3cm, BC= 4cm and DE = 4.5cm, then the
measure of EF is
A) 8 cm B) 6 cm C) 7 cm D) 6.5 cm Model-QP:2023

11) In the given figure ∆ABC ∼ ∆DEF and ∠ABC = ∠DEF = 600 then,
the length of AC : Model-1:2021
A) 2.4 cm
B) 2.6 cm
C) 3.9 cm
D) 3.2 cm

12) In the ∆ABC, if DE || BC then the relation which is true is Model-2:2021

A) AC EC AD
= B) = AE C)
AD
= AE D)
AB
= AE
AD BD DE BC AB AC BC BD

13) Observe the given two triangles then identify the length of DF in the
following : D

A
7.6 cm ?
3.8cm 3√2 cm
0
60 600
B 6cm C E 12cm F
A) 6√2 cm B) 3√2 cm C) 4.2 cm D) 8.4 cm July ∶ 2021

14) In the figure DE ǁ BC, if AD = x, BD = y, AE = m and CE = n, then the

correct relation among the following is
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
 A Exam-3:2024
x m x n
A) = B) =
y m +n y m
x+y m x m
C) = D) = D E
y m +n x+y m +n

C B
Answers : 1.C, 2.C, 3.A, 4.B, 5.C, 6.A, 7.A, 8.A, 9.B, 10.B, 11.B, 12.C, 13. A, 14.D.
ONE MARK QUESTIONS :
1) State “Basic proportionality theorem”.
June 2020, Model-1:2021, Prep-2022, March-2022 , June-2022
Thales theorem : “If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect
the other two sides in distinct points , the other two sides
are divided in the same ratio”
2) In figure DE ∥ BC , AE = 3cm., CE = 6cm. A
and AD = 4cm. then find AB. Prep ∶ 2020
AB AC
Ans: = D E
AD AE
AB 9
4
= B C
3
4x9 36
AB = = = 12cm
3 3
3) In given fig. AB ∥ DE , AD = 6cm, CD = 4cm. and BC = 15cm then, find BE.
Ans : Let BE = x C
CD CE
= (∵ Thale’s corollary) 4cm
AC BC
4 15– B
= D E 15cm
10 15
15x4
15 - BE = 6cm
10
BE = 15-6 = 9 cm. A B
4) In the figure, name the side of triangle PQR which is corresponding to the
side AB of triangle ABC. June-2023

P 800 R C 600 800 B

600

Q A Ans. : PR

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

5) In the given figure, EF ǁ BC. If EF = 6 cm, BC = 12 cm and AE = 5 cm,
then find AB JUNE-2024
Ans. : By corollary of Thales theorem, A
AE
= EF = AF 5 cm
AB BC AC
5 6
= E 6 cm F
AB 12
12x5
AB = B 12 cm C
6

AB = 10 cm
TWO MARKS QUESTIONS :
1) In the given figure if PQ || RS, prove that Δ POQ ~ Δ SOR. March-2019
Ans : In Δ POQ and Δ SOR, P
∟P = ∟S ( Alternate angles ) R
∟Q = ∟R ( Alternate angles )
∟POQ = ∟ROS ( V.O.A. ) O
Δ POQ ~ Δ SOR. ( A.A. criterion )
Q S
2) In Δ ABC, DE || BC. If AD = 5 cm, BD = 7 cm and AC = 18 cm, find the
length of AE. March ∶ 2019
Ans : In ∆ABC, DE || BC
AD AE
=
AB AC
5 AE
12
=
18
18x5
AE =
12
AE = 7.5 cm
𝐀𝐘 𝟏
3) In figure XY ∥ BC , AX = P- 3., BX = 2P-2 and 𝐂𝐘
= 𝟒
, then find P.
Ans. : MODEL-2019 C
According to Thale’s theorem,
AX
= AY
BX CY
P–3 1
= Y
2p– 2 4
4(P-3) = 2P-2 A X B

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 4P – 12 = 2P - 2
4P – 2P = 12 - 2
2P = 10
∴ P= 5
4) In figure PC ∥ QK and BC ∥ HK. 𝐴Q = 6cm, QH = 4cm, HP = 5cm, and
KC = 18cm, then find AK and AB. MODEL-2019

Solution :In ∆APC, PC ∥ QK A

According to Thale’s theorem,
AQ
= AK Q
QP KC
6 AK
= ( ∵ QH+HP = QP = 9) H K
9 18
9xAK = 18x6 P
18x6
AK =
9
∴ AK = 12 cm B C
In ∆𝐴BC, BC ∥ HK
According to Thale’s theorem,
AH
= AK
BH KC
10 12
= ( ∵ AQ+QH = AH = 10)
BH 18
12x BH = 18x10
18x10
BH =
12
∴ BH = 15 cm
∴ AB = AH + BH = 10+15
∴ AB = 25cm
5) In triangle ABC, PQ ∥ BC and BD = DC. Prove that PE = EQ. Prep ∶ 2020

Proof : In ∆ABD, According to Thale’s corollary, A

AP AE
= = PE -------- (1) P E Q
BP DE BD
In ∆ADC, According to Thale’s corollary,
AQ AE EQ
= = -------- (2) B D C
QC DE CD
From Eqn(1) and Eqn(2)
PE EQ
=
BD CD

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 PE x CD = EQ x BD [ ∵ BD = DC ]
∴ PE = EQ

6) E and F are points on the sides PQ and PR respectively of a ∆PQR. PE = 1cm

QE = 2cm., PF = 3cm., and RF = 6cm, then show that EF ∥ PQ.
Proof : In ∆PQR, P
PE = 1
EQ 2
E F
PF
= 3
=1
FR 6 2
PE PF 1
= FR
= Q R
EQ 2
∴ 𝐸𝐹 ∥ PQ (∵ Converse of Thale’s theorem)
𝐁𝐅 𝐁𝐄
7) In the adjoining figure DEǁAC and DFǁAE, then prove that 𝐅𝐄 = 𝐄𝐂
. PREP-2019
Proof : In ∆ABC, DE ∥ AC ( ∵ Given ) A
According to Thale’s theorem, D
BE BD
= - - - - - - - - ( 1)
EC DA
In ∆ABE, DF ǁ AE ( ∵ Given ) B F E C
According to Thale’s theorem,
BF BD
= DA
--------(2)
FE
From Eqn(1) and Eqn(2)
𝐁𝐅 𝐁𝐄
𝐅𝐄
= 𝐄𝐂
(∵ Axiom-1 )

8) In the figure LM ∥ AB, AL = 𝑥 − 3, AC = 2𝑥, BM = 𝑥 − 2

Solution : According to Thale’s corollary, C
CL
= CM
CA CB
CA– A CB–BM
CA
= CB L M
2x–x+3
= 2x+3–x+2
2x 2x+3
x+3
= x+5 A B
2x 2x+3
2x (x+5) = (x+3)(2x+3)
2x2 +10x = 2x2 +3x + 6x+ 9
10x = 9x+ 9
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
 10x - 9x = 9
x=9
9) The diagonal BD of parallelogram ABCD intersects AE at F as shown in
the figure. If E is any point on BC, then prove that 𝐷𝐹 ×𝐸𝐹 = 𝐹𝐵 ×𝐹𝐴.
Ans :In ∆𝐴DF and ∆𝐸BF June : 2019 & Prep ∶ 2020
∠ADF = ∠BEF ( ∵ AD║BE, alternate angles )
∠AFD = ∠BFE ( ∵ vertically opposite angles)
∆𝐴DF ~ ∆𝐸BF ( ∵ A-A similarity criteria)
DF FA
FB
= EF
𝐷𝐹 ×𝐸𝐹 = 𝐹𝐵 ×𝐹𝐴
10) In the given figure ∆ABC and ∆DBC are two triangles on the same base
𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 ∆𝐀𝐁𝐂 𝐀𝐎
BC. If AD intersect BC at ‘O’, show that = MODEL-2020
𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 ∆𝐃𝐁𝐂 𝐃𝐎
Construction : Draw AL ┴ BC and DM ┴ BC A
1
Proof : Area of triangle = x base x height
2
1
Area of ∆ABC 2 xBC x AL
Area of ∆DBC = 1 B MO L C
2
xBC x DM
Area of ∆ABC AL
Area of ∆DBC
= DM - - - - - - - - (1)
In ∆ALO and ∆DMO D
∠AOL = ∠DOM (∵ Vertically opposite angles)
∠ALO = ∠DMO = 900 (∵ Heights )
∴ ∆ALO ~ ∆DMO (∵ A-A similarity criteria )

∴ AL = AO - - - - - - - (2)
DM DO
From Eqn(1) and (2)
𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 ∆𝐀𝐁𝐂 𝐀𝐎
=
𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 ∆𝐃𝐁𝐂 𝐃𝐎
11) D is a point on the side BC of a triangle ABC A Prep ∶2020

such that ∠ADC = ∠BAC.

Show that CA2 = CB.CD
Solution : In ∆ABC and ∆ADC,
∠BAC = ∠ADC (∵ Given ) B D C
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
 ∠C = ∠C (∵ common angle)
∴ ∆ABC ≈∆ADC (∵ A-A similarity criteria)
CA CB
∴ CD = CA ⇒ CA2 = CB. CD

12) Diagonals AC and BD of a trapezium 𝐴𝐵𝐶D with 𝐴𝐵 ∥ 𝐶D intersect each

other at the point O. Using a similarity criterion for two triangles,
show that AO.OD = BO.OC Prep ∶ 2020
Proof : In ∆AOB and ∆COD, D C
∠AOB = ∠COD (∵ Vertically opposite angles) O
∠ABO = ∠CDO (∵Alternate angles) A B
∴ AOB ≈∆COD (∵A-A similarity criteria)
AO BO
∴ =
OC OD
⇒ AO.OD = BO.OC

13) In the given triangle, ∠BAC = 90° and AD ⊥ BC. Prove that 𝐴𝐶2 = 𝐵𝐶.𝐷𝐶.
Solution : In ∆BAC and ∆ADC, A
∠BAC = ∠ADC = 900 (∵ Given )
∠C = ∠C (∵ common angle) B D C

∴ ∆BAC ≈∆ADC (∵ A-A similarity criteria)

∴ BC = AC
AC DC
𝐴𝐶2 = BC.DC

14) In the given figure ∆ABC and ∆AMP are two right angled triangles with
right angles B and M. Then prove that i) ∆ ABC ≈∆ AMP and 𝐂𝐀
=
𝐁𝐂
.
𝐏𝐀 𝐌𝐏
Solution : In ∆ ABC and ∆ AMP, PREP-2019
∠A = ∠A (∵ common angles)
∠ABC = ∠AMP = 900
∴ ∆ABC ≈∆AMP (∵ A-A similarity criteria)

∴ 𝐂𝐀 = 𝐁𝐂 (∵ A-A similarity criteria)

𝐏𝐀 𝐌𝐏

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

15) A vertical pole of height 6m casts a shadow 4m long on the ground, and at
the same time a tower on the same ground casts a shadow 28 m long. Find
the height of the tower. June : 2019
Ans :Height of the vertical pole = AB = 6m
Length of shadow = BC = 4m D
Length of tower’s shadow = EF = 28m A
Height of the tower = DE = ? 6m ?
∆ABC ≈∆DEF B 4m C E 28m F
AB BC
∴ = ( ∵ A-A criteria)
DE EF
6 4 28x6
= DE = DE = 42m
DE 28 4
∴ Height of the tower = DE = 42 m

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 THREE MARKS QUESTION :
1) ‘D’ is a point on the side BC of a ∆ABC such that ADC = BAC . Then prove
that AC2 = BC . CD APRIL : 2024
Ans. : A
In ∆ABC and ∆ADC
∠BAC = ∠ADC [ Given ]
∠ACB = ∠ACD [ common angle ]
∴ ∠ABC = ∠DAC B D C
∴ ∆ABC ~ ∆DAC [ AAA criterion ]

∴ AC = BC
CD AC
∴ AC2 = BC .CD
2) In the figure, ∆ ABC and ∆ AMP are right angled triangles, right angled at
𝐂𝐀
B and M respectively. Then prove that = 𝐁𝐂 APRIL : 2024
𝐏𝐀 𝐌𝐏
Ans. : C
In ∆ABC and ∆AMP
∠ABC = ∠AMP = 90° [ Given ]
∠BAC = ∠MAP [ common angle ] M
∴ ∠ACB = ∠APM
∴ ∆ABC ~ ∆AMP [ AAA similarity criteria ]
CA BC
∴ = A B P
PA MP

3) In the figure, ABCD is a parallelogram. Point ‘P’ divides AB in the ratio

2 : 3 and ‘ Q’ divides DC in the ratio 4 : 1. Prove that OA = 2 x OC
Exam-3:2024
Ans. : D Q C
In ∆OAP and ∆OQC,
∠OAP = ∠QCO (∵ AB ǁ CD, alternate angles) O
∠AOP = ∠QOC (∵ Vertically opposite angles)
∠APO = ∠OQC (∵ Third angles) A P B
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
∴ ∆OAP ≈∆OQC (∵ A-A similarity criteria)
OA AP
∴ OC
= CQ
But CQ = CD and AP = 2 AB
1
5 5
2
OA AB
∴ = 5
1
OC CD
5

But AB = CD [ ∵ opposite sides of a parallelogram]

2
OA AB
∴ = 5
1
OC AB
5
OA 2 5
OC
= 5x1
OA
=2
OC
OA = 2 x OC

FOUR MARKS QUESTIONS :

1) Prove that “If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the
other two sides in distinct points , the other two sides are divided in
the same ratio” ( Thales theorem) Model-2019, PREP-2023, Model-QP : 2023
2) Prove that “ If in two triangles, corresponding angles are equal, then their
corresponding sides are in the same ratio (or proportion) and hence the two
triangles are similar Sept∶ 2020

FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS :

1) State and prove Thales theorem. Model-2 ∶2021 & Model- QP ∶ 2022
2) Prove that “If in two triangles, corresponding angles are equal, then their
corresponding sides are in the same ratio ( or proportion ) and hence the two
triangles are similar”. June-2022

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 UNIT-7. CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY:
‘Co-ordinate geometry’ has been developed as an algebraic tool for studying
geometry of figures. It helps us to study geometry using algebra, and understand
algebra with the help of geometry.
* The distance of a point from the y-axis is called its x-coordinate or abscissa.
* The distance of a point from the x-axis is called its y-coordinate or ordinate.
* Coordinates of origin are (0,0)
Distance formula: The distance between the points P(x1, y1) and Q(x2, y2) is
PQ = d = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1)2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1)2
The distance of a point P(x, y) from the origin(0, 0) is : d = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦2
Section formula : The coordinates of the point P(x, y) which divides the line
segment joining the points A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2), internally, in the ratio m1 : m2 are
m x + m 2x1 m y +m y
P(x, y) = ( 1 2 , 1 2 2 1)
m 1 +m 2 m 1 +m 2
Mid-point formula :If A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2) are two points, P is the midpoint,
x 1 +x2 y 1+y 2
Coordinates of midpoint of line joining A & B is : P(x, y) = ( , )
2 2

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS :

1) The distance of the co-ordinate p(4, 3) from the x- axis is : July-2021
A) 2 units B) 3 units C) 4 units D) 5 units
2) The distance of the point ( – 8, 3 ) from the x-axis is April-2023
A) – 8 units B) 3 units C) – 3 units D) 8 units
3) The distance of the co-ordinates (3, 4) from the x-axis is PREP-2022
A) 3 units B) 4 units C) 5 units D) 7 units
4) In the graph given the length AB is Model-1:2021
A) 1 unit B) 5 units C) 3 units D) 4 units
5) The distance between origin and coordinates (𝑥, y)
A) 𝑥2 +𝑦2 B) √𝑥 2 − 𝑦2 C) 𝑥2 –𝑦2 D) √𝐱𝟐 + 𝐲𝟐
June-2019, PREP-2019, APRIL-2022, MODEL-2022
6) Distance of the point P ( a, b ) from the origin is June-2022
A) √𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 units. B) √𝑎 2 − 𝑏 2 units.
C) √𝑎 + 𝑏 units. D) √𝑎 − 𝑏 units.
7) In the given graph the length of ʻBPʼ is Model-2:2021

A) 2 units B) 5 units C) 3 units D) 4 units

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
8) The co-ordinates of origin are MODEL-2019

A) (1, 1) B) (2, 2) C) (0, 0) D) (3, 3)

9) The distance between origin and the point (8, -6)
A) 10 B) 100 C) √28 D) √14
10) The distance between the points (𝑥1, 𝑦1) and (𝑥2, 𝑦2) MODEL-2020, JULY 2021

A) √(𝑥 1 + 𝑥 2 )2 + (𝑦1 + 𝑦2)2 B) √(𝑥 1 − 𝑥 2 )2 + (𝑦1 − 𝑦2)2

C) √(𝑥1 − 𝑥 2 )2 − (𝑦1 − 𝑦2)2 D) √(𝑥 1 + 𝑥 2 )2 − (𝑦1 + 𝑦2)2
11)The distance between the points A(0, 5) and B(-5, 0) is
A)5 units B) 2√5 units C) 5√2 units D) √10 units
12) The formula to find the mid-point of the line segment joining the points
A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2 ) is JULY 2021
x2+x1 y2+y1 x 2 – x1 y 2 – y 1
A) ( 2 , 2 ) B) ( 2 , 2 )

C) ( x2+y
3
2 x1+y 1
,
3
) D) (
x2 +x 1
3
, y 2 +y 1 )
3
13) The coordinates of the midpoint of the line segment joining the points
(4, 3) and (2, 1) is Model-QP:2023
A) (2, 3) B) (2, 2) C) (3, 2) D) (1, 1)
14) The co-ordinates of mid-point of the line segment joining the points
(3, 4) and(5, 6) is June-2023
A) (-4, -5) B) (4, 5) C) (4, -5) D) (-4, 5)
15) The co-ordinates of the mid-point of the line segment joining the points
P(4, 7) & Q(10, 3) are PREP-2023
A) (14, 10) B) (5, 7) C) (3, -5) D) (7, 5)
16) If origin is the mid point of the line joining of the points A(4,-6) and B(a,b)
the values of ‘a’ and ‘b’ are equal to Model-1:2021
A) a = 4 and b = 6 B) a = -4 and b = -6
C) a = -4 and b = 6 D) a = 6 and b = 4
17) If P (x, y) divides the line join A (x1 ,y1 ) B (x2 ,y2 ) in the ratio m1 : m2 then
x and y are equal to Model-2:2021
m x + m 2x2
A) x = 1 1 , y = m 1y1+ m 2y2 B) x =
m 1x2+ m 2x1
,y = m 1y2+ m 2y1
m 1 +m 2 m 1 +m 2 m 1 +m 2 m 1 +m 2
m 1 x 2 – m 2x1 m 1 y 2 – m 2y1 m 1x2+ m 2x1 m 1y2+ m 2y1
C) x = ,y= D) x = ,y=
m 1 +m 2 m 1 +m 2 m 1 – m2 m 1 – m2
18) The mid point of the line segment joining the points A (0, 5) and B (4, 1) is
A) ( 2, 3) B) (4, 3) C) (2, 6) D) (4, 6) Model-1:2021
19) The distance between the points A(2, 3) and B(5, 7) is units.

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 A) 2√5 B) 5 C) 5√2 D) √14
20) In the adjoining fig. the distance between the
point ‘P’ and the origin ‘O’ is…………. Units.
A) 2√3 B) 4 C) 2√2 D) 2.5
21) The distance of the point M(4, 3) from the origin is
JUNE-2024
A)5 units B) 7 units C) √5 units D) √7 units

Answers : 1.B, 2.B, 3.B, 4.C, 5.D, 6.A, 7.A, 8.C, 9.A, 10.B, 11.C, 12.A, 13.C, 14.B, 15.D,
16.C, 17.B, 18.A, 19.B, 20.C, 21.A.

ONE MARK QUESTIONS :

1) Write the distance of the point ( 4, 3 ) from x-axis. Ans. March-2022
:3
2) Write the co-ordinates of the midpoint of the line segment joining the points
A(x1 , y1 ) and B (x2 , y2 ). PREP-2022, Model-1 : 2020, June ∶ 2020
x 1 +x 2 y 1+y 2
Ans : Co-ordinates of midpoint of AB is : P(x, y) = [ , ]
2 2
3) In the given figure “P” is a midpoint of BC, write the formula to find the
co-ordinate of P ? Model-2 A(x1 ,y1)

x2+x3 y2+y3
Ans: P(x,y) = [ 2
, 2
]

B(x2 ,y2) P C(x3 ,y3)

4) A point ‘P’ divides the line joining of points A (x1 ,y1 ) and B (x2 ,y2 ) in the
ratio m1 : m2 internally then write the co-ordinates of P.
m 1x2+ m2x1 m1y2+ m2y1
Ans : P(x, y) = ( , ) Model-2022, June-2022
m 1 +m 2 m 1 +m 2
5) Find the coordinates of the mid-point of the line segment joining the points
( 6, 3 ) and ( 4, 7 ). April-2023

Ans. : Mid-point formula : P(x, y) = ( x1+x2 , y1+y2 )

2 2
6+4 3+7
=( , )
2 2
= ( 5 , 5)
6) Find the distance between the origin and the point (3, 4). Model-QP:2023

Ans : Distance between the origin and the point = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦2

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 = √32 + 42
= √9 + 16
= √25
∴ Distance between the origin and the point = 5 Units

TWO MARKS QUESTIONS :

1) Find the distance between the point ( 3, 4 ) and origin. April-2019
Ans : Distance between origin and a point = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2
= √32 + 42
= √9 + 16
= √25
∴ Distance between origin and a point = 5 units

2) Find the co-ordinates of the midpoint of (2, 3) and (4, 3) June-2019

Ans : x1 y1 x2 y2
2 3 4 3
x 1 +x2 y 1+y 2
Mid point formula = P(x, y) = ( , )
2 2
2+4
=( , 3+3 )
2 2
∴ Co-ordinates of the midpoint = (3 , 3)

3) Find the distance between the points ( 2, 3 ) and ( 4, 1 ). June-2019

Ans : x1 y1 x2 y2
2 3 4 1
Distance formula = d = √(x2 − x1)2 + (y2 − y1)2
d = √(4 − 2)2 + (1 − 3)2
d = √(2)2 + (−2)2
d = √4 + 4
d = √𝟖
∴ d = 2√𝟐 units
4) Find the distance between the points ( -5, 7 ) and ( -1, 3 ). June-2020

Ans : x1 y1 x2 y2
-5 7 -1 3

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 Distance formula = d = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1)2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1)2
d = √(−1 − (−5)2 + (3 − 7)2
d = √(−1 + 5)2 + (−4)2
d = √16 + 16
d = √32
∴ AB = 4√𝟐 units

5) Find the distance between the points A(2, 3) and B(6, −8) Model-1:2020

Ans : X1 Y1 X2 Y2
2 3 6 -8

Distance formula = d = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1)2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1)2

d = √(6 − 2)2 + (−8 − 3)2
d = √(4)2 + (−11)2
d = √16 + 121
d = √𝟏𝟑𝟕 units

6) Find the co-ordinates of the point P and Q in the given graph and hence find
the length of PQ using distance formula. APRIL : 2024
Ans. : P ( 1, 1 ) and Q ( 5, 4)
x1 y1 x2 y2
1 1 5 4

Distance formula = d = √(𝑥 2 − 𝑥1)2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1)2

d = √(5 − 1)2 + (4 − 1)2
d = √(4)2 + (3)2
d = √16 + 9
d = √25
∴ d = 5 units

7) Verify whether the points (5, -2), (6, 4) and (7, -2) are vertices of an
equilateral triangle ? PREP-2019 A(5,-2)
Ans :
Distance formula = d = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1)2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1)2
AB = √(6 − 5)2 + (4 − (−2))2 B(6,4) C(7,-2)

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 AB = √12 + 62 = √1 + 36 = √37
BC = √(7 − 6)2 + (−2 − 4)2
= √12 + (−6)2 = √1 + 36 = √37
CA = √(5 − 7)2 + (−2 − (−2))2 = √(−2)2 + 0 = √4 = 2
Here AB = BC ≠ CA
∴ ∆ ABC is not an equilateral triangle.
8) Find the coordinates of the point which divides the line joining the points
( 1, 6 ) and ( 4, 3 ) in the ratio 1 : 2 June-2020
Ans : x1 y1 x2 y2 m1 m2
1 6 4 3 1 2

m 1 x 2 +m 2 x 1 m 1 y 2 +m 2 y 1
Section formula = P(x, y) = ( , )
m 1 +m 2 m 1 +m 2
1x4+2x 1 1x3+2x 6
Co-ordinates of the point= P(x, y) = ( , )
1+2 1+2
4+2 3+12
P(x, y) = ( , )
3 3
6 15
P(x, y) = ( , )
3 3
∴ Co-ordinates of the point = P(x, y) = ( 2, 5)

9) Find the coordinates of the point which divides the line segment joining the
points ( 2, 1 ) and ( 7, 6 ) in the ratio 3 : 2. Model-QP:2024
Ans.:
x1 y1 x2 y2 m1 m2
2 1 7 6 3 2
m 1 x 2 +m 2 x 1 m 1 y 2 +m 2 y 1
Section formula = P(x, y) = ( , )
m 1 +m 2 m 1 +m 2
3x7+2x2 3x6+2x1
Co-ordinates of the point = P(x, y) = ( , )
3+2 3+2
21+4 18+2
P(x, y) = ( , )
5 5
25 20
P(x, y) = ( , )
5 5
∴ Co-ordinates of the point = P(x, y) = ( 5, 4)

10) Find the co-ordinates of the points of trisection ( i.e. points divides in three
equal parts) of the line segment joining the points A(1, -2) and B(-3, -4)
Ans : PREP-2019

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 A(1,-2) P Q B(-3, -4)
P and Q are trisection of AB.
i.e. AP = PQ = QB
So, P divides AB internally in the ratio 1 : 2.
m 1 x 2 +m 2 x 1 m 1 y 2 +m 2 y 1
Section formula = P(x, y) = ( , )
m 1 +m 2 m 1 +m 2
1x(–3)+2x1 1x(–4)+2x(–2)
Co-ordinates of point ‘P’ =P(x, y) = ( , )
1+2 1+2
– 3+2 – 4– 4
P(x, y) = ( , )
3 3
–1 –8
P(x, y) = ( , )
3 3
−𝟏 −𝟖
Co-ordinates of point ‘P’ = P(x, y) = ( , )
𝟑 𝟑
Similarly Q divides AB internally in the ratio 2 : 1
2x(–3)+1x1 2x(–4)+1x(–2)
Co-ordinates of point ‘Q’ = Q(x, y) = ( , )
2+1 2+1
– 6+1 – 8– 2
Q(x, y) = ( , )
3 3

Q(x, y) = ( –35 , – 31 )
−𝟓 −𝟏𝟎
Co-ordinates of point ‘Q’ = Q(x, y) = ( , )
𝟑 𝟑

11) Find in what ratio the point P ( – 4, 6 ) divides the line segment joining the
points A(– 6, 10 ) and B(3, – 8 ). June-2022 & April 2023
Ans. :
x1 y1 x2 y2 x y
-6 10 3 -8 -4 6
m1 x – x1 m1 y – y1
Formula : = ( ) OR = ( )
m2 x2 –x m2 y2– y
m1 – 4 –(–6) m1 6 – 10
= ( ) OR = ( )
m2 3– (– 4) m2 –8– 6
m1 –4+6 m1 – 4
= ( ) OR = ( )
m2 3+4 m2 – 14
m1 2 2
= OR
m2 7 7
∴ Ratio = m1 : m2 = 2 : 7

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 THREE MARKS QUESTIONS :
1) The vertices of a Δ ABC are A(– 3, 2 ), B(– 1, – 4 ) and C( 5, 2 ). If M and N
are the mid-points of AB and AC respectively, show that 2 MN = BC.
Ans : A(-3,2) April-2019
Co-ordinates of mid point = P(x, y) = ( x1+x2 , y1+y2 )
2 2
– 3 – 1 2+(–4)
Co-ordinates of Mid point of AB =( , ) M N
2 2
–4 –2
=( , )
2 2
Co-ordinates of point M = (-2, -1) B(-1, -4) C(5, 2)
– 3+5 2+2
Co-ordinates of Mid point of AC = ( , )
2 2
2 4
= (2,2)
Co-ordinates of point N = (1, 2 )
Distance of MN = d = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1)2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1)2
d = √(1 − (−2))2 + (2 − (−1))2
d = √(3)2 + (3)2
d = √9 + 9
Distance of MN = d = √𝟏𝟖 Units
Distance of BC = d = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1)2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1)2
d = √(5 − (−1))2 + (2 − (−4))2
d = √(6)2 + (6)2
d = √36 + 36
d = √72
d = √18𝑥4
Distance of BC = d = 𝟐√𝟏𝟖 Units
Distance of BC = 2 x Distance of MN
BC = 2 x MN

2) The mid-point of the line segment joining the points A (x, 0) and B (0, y) is
(4, 3). Find the length of AB. Exam-3:2024

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 Ans : x1 y1 x2 y2 x y
x 0 0 Y 4 3
x 1 +x2 y 1+y 2
Mid point formula = P(x, y) = ( , )
2 2
x+0
(4, 3) = ( , 0+y )
2 2
x y
(4, 3) = ( , )
2 2
x y
= 4, =3
2 2
x = 8 and y = 6
length of A(8, 0) and B(0, 6) :
d = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1)2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1)2
AB = √(0 − 8)2 + (6 − 0)2
= √(−8)2 + (6)2
= √64 + 36
= √100
AB = 10 Units
3) Show that the triangle whose vertices are A ( 8, – 4 ), B ( 9, 5 ) and C ( 0, 4 ) is
an isosceles triangle. 3- SEPT-2020
A(8, -4)

B(9, 5) C(0, 4)
Ans : Distance formula = d = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1)2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1)2
AB = d = √(9 − 8)2 + (5 − (−4))2 = √12 + 92 = √1 + 81 = √82 Units
BC = d = √(9 − 0)2 + (4 − 5)2 = √9 2 + (−1)2 = √81 + 1 = √82 Units
CA = d = √(0 − 8)2 + (4 − (−4))2 = √(−8)2 + 82 = √64 + 64 = √128 Units
Here, AB = BC = √82 ≠ CA
∴ ∆ ABC is an isosceles triangle.
4) Let A ( 5 , 8), B ( 0, -1 ) and C ( 4, 5 ) be the vertices of ∆ABC. The median
from A meets BC at D. The point ‘G’ on AD divides in the ratio
AG : GD = 2 : 1. Then find the co-ordinates of ‘G’. PREP-2020

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 A(5,8)

G(x, y)

B(0,-1) D(2,2) C(4,5)

x 1 +x2 y 1+y 2
Ans : Mid point formula : P(x,y) = [ , ]
2 2
0+4 – 1+5
Co-ordinates of D : ( , ) = (2, 2) [D is the midpoint of BC]
2 2
G divides AD in the ratio 2 : 1.
m 1 x 2 +m 2 x 1 m 1 y 2 +m 2 y 1
G(x,y) = ( , )
m 1 +m 2 m 1 +m 2
2(2)+1(5) 2(2)+1(8)
G(x,y) = [ , ]
2+1 2+1
4+5 4+8
G(x,y) = [ , ]
3 3
9 12
G(x,y) = [ , ]
3 3
G(x,y) = ( 3, 4 )
∴ Co-ordinates of G :( 3, 4 )

5) A circle whose centre is at P ( 2, 3 ) passes through the points A(4, 3) and

B( x, 5). Then find the value of ‘x’. June-2022
Ans. : PA = PB
Distance Formula = d = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1)2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1)2
√(4 − 2)2 + 02 = √(𝑥 − 2)2 + (5 − 3)2
22 = (x -2 )2 + 22
(x -2 )2 = 0
x=2

6) Find the coordinates of the point ‘P’ on X-axis, which is equidistant from the
points A(2, -5) and B(-2, 9). PREP-2023
Ans. :
Let the point P(x, 0) lies on the x-axis.
Since P(x, 0) is equidistant from the points A(2, -5) and B(-2, 9).
∴ AP = PB
Distance formula = d = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1)2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1)2
√(𝑥 − 2)2 + (0 − (−5))2 = √(𝑥 − (−2))2 + (0 − 9)2

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 Squaring on both sides
(x – 2)2 + 52 = (x + 2)2 + 92
x2 – 4x + 4 + 25 = x2 +4x + 4 + 81
-4x – 4x + 29 -85 = 0
-8x – 56 = 0
8x = -56
x = -7
∴ Co-ordinates of ‘P’ = (-7, 0)
7) The points A, B and C are collinear. If A(1, 0), B(4, 4) and AC = 8cm then,
find the co-ordinates of C. June-2023
Ans.: A(1, 0), B(4, 4)
AB = d = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1)2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1)2
= √(4 − 1)2 + (4 − 0)2
= √(3)2 + (4)2
= √9 + 16
AB = √𝟐𝟓 = 5 cm
∴ BC = AC – AB = 8 – 5 = 3 cm
∴ AC divides in the ratio 5 : 3
A(x1 , y1 ) = ( 1, 0 ) B = ( 4, 4) C(x2 , y2 ) = ?
m1 : m2 = 5 : 3
m 1 x 2 +m 2 x 1 m 1 y 2 +m 2 y 1
Section formula = P(x, y) = ( , )
m 1 +m 2 m 1 +m 2
5.x2 + 3.1 5.y2+ 3.0
(4, 4) = ( , )
5+3 5+3
5x 2 + 3 5y2
(4, 4) = ( , 8 )
8
5x 2 + 3 5y2
= 4 & =4
8 8
x2 = 29 , y 2 = 32
5 5
𝟐𝟗 𝟑𝟐
Co-ordinates of C = , (𝟓)
𝟓
8) ABC is a triangle whose vertices are A ( 1, 4 ), B ( – 2, – 2 ), C ( 4, – 2 ). If AD is
median to BC, then find the length of AD. Model-QP:2024
Ans.: A(1, 4)
x 1 +x2 y 1+y 2
Mid point formula : P(x,y) = [ , ]
2 2
–2+4 –2–2
Co-ordinates of mid point of BC : D(x, y) = [
2
, 2
]

B(-2, -2) D C(4, -2)

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
 2 –4
D(x, y) = [ , ]
2 2
D(x, y) = [ 1 , -2]
Length of median AD :
X1 Y1 X2 Y2
1 4 1 -2

Distance formula = d = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1)2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1)2

d = √(1 − 1)2 + (−2 − 4)2
d = √ 02 + (−6)2
d = √36
d = 6 units.

9) The vertices of square are A(-1, -2), B(1, 0), C(-1, 2) and D(-3, 0). AC and BD
diagonals intersect at a point ‘O’ as shown in the figure. Find the length of
the diagonals and the co-ordinates of point of intersection of the diagonals.
PREP-2024
Ans. : Length of the diagonal AC : A(-1, -2) B(1, 0)
Distance formula = d = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1)2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1)2
d = √(−1 − (−1))2 + (2 − (−2))2 O
d = √(−1 + 1)2 + (2 + 2)2
d = √0 + 16
AC = d = 4 units D(-3, 0) C(-1, 2)
∴ Length of the diagonal AC = BD = 4 units
Co-ordinates of point of intersection of the diagonals O.
x 1 +x2 y 1+y 2
Mid point formula = P(x, y) = ( , )
2 2
–1 +–1 2+ – 2
=( , )
2 2
∴ Co-ordinates of the midpoint = (-1 , 0)
Co-ordinates of point of intersection of the diagonals ‘O’ = (-1 , 0)
10) The points A, B and C are collinear. If A(1, 0), B(4, 4) and AC = 8cm then,
find the co-ordinates of C. June-2023
Ans.: A(1, 0), B(4, 4)
AB = d = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1)2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1)2
= √(4 − 1)2 + (4 − 0)2
= √(3)2 + (4)2
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
 = √9 + 16
AB = √𝟐𝟓 = 5 cm
∴ BC = AC – AB = 8 – 5 = 3 cm
∴ AC divides in the ratio 5 : 3
A(x1 , y1 ) = ( 1, 0 ) B = ( 4, 4) C(x2 , y2 )
m1 : m2 = 5 : 3
m 1 x 2 +m 2 x 1 m 1 y 2 +m 2 y 1
Section formula = P(x, y) = ( , )
m 1 +m 2 m 1 +m 2
5.x + 3x1 5.y2+ 3x0
(4, 4) = ( 2 , )
5+3 5+3
5x + 3 5y2
(4, 4) = ( 2 , 8)
8
5x 2 + 3 5y2
=4 & =4
8 8
x2 = 29 , y 2 = 32
5 5
𝟐𝟗 𝟑𝟐
Co-ordinates of C = (𝟓 , )
𝟓

11) Prove that the given points A(7, -2), B(5, 1) and C(3, 4) are collinear.
Ans. : A(7, -2), B(5, 1)
AB = d = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1)2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1)2
= √(5 − 7)2 + (1 − (−2))2
= √(−2)2 + (1 + 2)2
= √4 + 9
AB = √𝟏𝟑
B(5, 1) , C(3, 4)
BC = d = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1)2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1)2
= √(3 − 5)2 + (4 − 1)2
= √(−2)2 + (3)2
= √4 + 9
BC = √𝟏𝟑
A(7, -2), C(3, 4)
AC = d = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1)2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1)2
= √(3 − 7)2 + (4 − (−2))2
= √(−4)2 + (4 + 2)2
= √16 + 36
AC = √52 = √13𝑥4
AC = 2√𝟏𝟑
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
 Here AB + BC = AC
∴ the given points are collinear.

EXERCISE:
1) Find the coordinates of the mid-point of the line segment joining the
points (2,3) and (4,7) Ans : (3 , 5) sept ∶ 2020
2) Find the coordinates of the mid-point of the line segment joining the points
P( 3, 4 ) and Q( 5, 6 ) by using ‘mid-point’ formula. March-2022
Ans : Coordinates of the mid-point = (4 , 5)
3) Find the distance between the points A( 8, 3 ) and B( 2, 11 ) using formula.
Ans : d = 10 units PREP-2020
4) Find the distance between the co-ordinate of the points A(2, 3) and
B(10, -3). Ans : d = 10 units 2- Model-1
5) Find the distance between the points A(3, 6) and B(5, 7) using distance
formula. Ans : d = √5 units 2- Model-2
6) Find the distance between the points (3, 1) and (6, 2) using distance formula.
Ans : d = √10 units Model-2022
7) Find the distance between the points (2, 3) and (6, 6) using distance formula.
Ans : d = 5 Units PREP-2022
8) Find the distance between the points A ( 2, 6 ) and B ( 5, 10 ) by using
distance formula. Ans : d = 5 Units March-2022
9) Find the distance between the points P ( 2, 3 ) and Q ( 4, 1 ) using distance
formula. Ans. : d = 2√2 Units June-2022
10) Find the co-ordinates of the point P, which divides the line joining A(0, 0)
and B(5, 10) in the ratio of 2:3 Ans :Co-ordinates of ‘P’= P(x, y) = (2, 4)
11) Find the co-ordinates of point which divides the line segment joining the
points A ( 4, – 3 ) and B ( 8, 5 ) in the ratio 3 : 1 internally. PREP-2022
Ans. : Co-ordinates of the point P(x, y) = ( 7, 3) APRIL : 2024 & JUNE-2024
12) Find the coordinates of the point which divides the line segment joining the
points (-1, 7) and (4,-3) in the ratio 2 : 3. 3-April-2022 & MODEL-QP : 2023
Ans : Co-ordinates of the Point = P(x, y) = (1, 3)
13) Find the coordinates of the point P on AB which divides the line joining the
points A(-2, -2) and B(5, 12) in the ratio 3 : 4 PREP-2023
Ans. : Co-ordinates of ‘P’ = P(x, y) = (1,4)
14) Find the coordinates of the point which divides the line joining the points
A(1, 5) and B(-4, 0) in the ratio 2 : 3 PREP-2024
Ans. : Co-ordinates of ‘P’ = P(x, y) = (-1, 3)

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

15) Find the coordinates of the point which divides the line segment joining the
points (-1, 7) and (4, -3) in the ratio 2 : 3 internally. Exam-3:2024
∴ Co-ordinates of the point = P(x, y) = ( 1, 3)
16) Find the coordinates of the points of “trisection” of the line joining the
points (6, –2) and (10, 8). Model-2022
22 4
Ans : Co-ordinates of point ‘P’ = P(x, y) = ( , ) 3 3
14
Co-ordinates of point ‘Q’ = Q(x, y) = (6, 3)
17) Show that the points (1, 7), (4, 2), (-1, -1) and (-4, 4) are the vertices of a
square.

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 UNIT-8. INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY:
The trigonometric ratios : A

AB
1. Sinθ = Opposite Side =

Opposite side
Hypotenuse AC
Adjacent Side BC
2. Cosθ = = Hypotenuse
Hypotenuse AC
Opposite Side AB
3. tanθ = Adjacent Side
= θ
BC
Hypotenuse AC
4. Cosecθ = = B Adjacent side C
Opposite Side AB
Hypotenuse AC
5. Secθ = =
Adjacent Side BC
Adjacent Side BC
6. Cotθ = =
Opposite side AB
Reciprocal ratios :
1 1 1
1. Sinθ = , 2. Cosθ = , 3. tanθ = ,
Cosecθ Secθ Cotθ
1 1 1
4. Cosecθ = , 5. Secθ = , 6. Cotθ =
Sinθ Cosθ tanθ

Trigonometric Ratios of some Specific Angles :

θ 00 300 450 600 900
1 1 √3
sinθ 0 2 √2
1
2
√3 1 1
cosθ 1 √2 2
0
2
1
tanθ 0 √3
1 √3 N.D.
2
cosecθ N.D. 2 √2
√3
1
2
secθ 1 √3
√2 2 N.D.
1
cotθ N.D. √3 1
√3
0

Trigonometric Identities :
1. Sin2θ + Cos2θ = 1 2. 1+ tan2θ = Sec2θ 3.1+ Cot2θ =Coseec2θ
Sin2θ = 1 - Cos2θ Cos2θ = 1- Sin2θ Sec2θ - tan2θ = 1

1. Sin θ.Cosec θ = 1 2. Cos θ.Sec θ = 1 3. tan θ.Cot θ = 1

4. tan θ = Sin θ 5. cot θ = Cos θ
Cos θ Sin θ

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS :
𝟓
1) If 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝟏𝟑
, then the value of 𝑐𝑜s𝜃 MODEL-QP-2019
13 5 13 12
A) B) C) D)
5 12 12 13
2) The value of 𝑠𝑖𝑛 30°+𝑐𝑜𝑠 60° JUNE-2019
1
A) B) 3 C) 1 D) 1
2 2 4
𝟏
3) If SinA = √𝟐 , the magnitude of ∟A is MODEL∶ 2020

A) 900 B) 600 C) 300 D) 450

4) In the figure, the value of sinC is A MODEL-QP-2020

2 √3 1
A) B) C) D) 1
√3 2 2
𝟑
5) If sinθ = 𝟓 , then the value of cosecθ PREP-2020 1 2
5 3 3 5
A) B) C) D) B √3 C
3 5 4 4
6) If 13 sin𝜃 = 12 , then the value of cosec 𝜃 June : 2020
12 13 12 13
A) B) C) D)
5 5 13 12
2 0
7) The value of sec 26 – tan2260 is A) 1 B) 0 C) 2 D) 1 SEPT ∶ 2020
2
0 0
8) The value of sin 60 × cos 30 is : MODEL-I- 2021
1 √3 3 1
A) B) C) D)
4 4 4 2
9) The value of tan450 is : MODEL-II-2021
1
A) √3 B) 0 C) 1 D) A
√3
10) If 2Sin2θ = √𝟑 the value of ‘θ’ is Model-I:2021
A) 900 B) 600 C) 300 D) 450
11) In the given figure ∠B = 900 , AB = 6cm, 6cm 10cm
BC = 8cm and AC= 10cm then the θ
value of Sin(90-θ) is Model-I:2021 B 8cm C
6 10 10 8
A) B) C) D)
10 6 8 10
12) In a circle with centre ‘O’ AC is a tangent at ‘A’.
If OC = 4cm and ∠ACO =300 then the radius of the
circle is Model-I:2021
A) √3 cm B) 4√3 cm C) 2cm D) 3cm

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 𝐱
13) If Sinθ = 𝐲 then, Cosθ is Model-I:2021
y y x √y 2 – x2
A) B) C) D)
√y 2 – x2 x √y 2 – x2 y
2 2 4
14) If SinA+ Sin A= 1 then the value of Cos A+ Cos A is Model-I:2021
1
A) B) 2 C) 3 D) 1
2
15) In the right angle ∆ABC, ∠B = 90 0 . If tanC = √𝟑 ,the value of the angle
‘A’ is Model-II:2021
A) 300 B) 600 C) 450 D) 150
𝟑
16) If Sin θ = the value of (1 − Cos 2θ) is Model-II:2021
𝟓
9 6 9 25
A) B) C) D)
5 10 25 9
17) If Sin (∝ + β) = 1 and cos (∝ − β) = 1 where ∝ + β ≤ 90, then the value of
∝ and β are respectively equal to Model-II:2021
A) 600 and 300 B) 300 and 600 C) 900 and 00 D) 450 and 450
18) In the figure ABC is a right angle in which B = 900, BC = 6cm and A = 300
then the length of AC is Model-II:2021
A) 6√3 cm B) 12cm C) 2√3 cm D) 12√3 cm
19) Which one of the following is a correct relation
1
A) tan2θ = Sec2θ + 1 B) Sinθ =
Sec θ
Sinθ
C) tanθ = D) Sin2θ + Cos2θ =1
Cosθ
20) The value of ( Sin300 + cos600 – tan450 ) is JULY: 2021
A) 1 B) -1 C) 2 D) 0
21) (3 + sec θ) is equal to
2
JULY: 2021
A) 4 + tan2θ B) 4 + cot2θ C) 2 + cot2θ D) 3 + cot2θ
22) The value of ( sinθ x cosecθ ) is JULY: 2021
1 √3
A) 2 B) 1 C) – D) 2
2
23) In the figure, the value of sinθ is A JULY: 2021
1 √3
A) B) 2 1 2
2
2
C) √3 D) θ
√3
B √𝟑 C
0
24) In a right angle ∆ABC, ∟𝐁 = 90 . If tanC = 1. Then ∠A is,
A) 450 B) 300 C) 600 D) 750
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
 𝟑
25) If sinθ = , the value of 2sinθ,
𝟓
6 6 3
A) B) 1 C) D)
10 5 10
26) In the figure, ABC is a right angle triangle in which
∠𝐁 = 900 , BC = 6cm and ∠ C = 600 then the length
of AC is,
12
A) 12cm B) cm C) 6√2 cm D) 10cm
√3
27) Which of the following is a correct relation
1 1 sinθ
A) sin2θ + 1 = cos2θ B) sinθ = C) cosθ = D) tanθ =
secθ cosecθ cosθ
0
28) The value of cosec 45 is MODEL-2022
1
A) 1 B) √2 C) D) 0
√2
29) If A= 300, then the value of sin2A is PREP-2022
1 3 1
A) B) √ C) 1 D)
√2 2 2
30) The value of Cos(900 - 30 0) is March-2022
1
A) -1 B) C) 0 D) 1
2
31) 1 + tan2θ is equal to June-2022
1 2 2
A) cosec2θ B) 2
cosec θ
C) sec θ D) -sec θ
32) Value of cot 90° is June-2022
1
A) B) 1 C) √3 D) 0
3
√
33) If tan θ = 1, then the value of sec θ is Model-QP:2024
1 1
A) B) √3 C) √2 D)
√3 √2
34) In ∆ ABC, if AB = √𝟑 units, BC = 1 unit, AC = 2 units
and ∟ACB = θ , then the value of ‘θ’ is Model-QP:2024
A) 0° B) 60° C) 45° D) 90° C
35) If sin θ = 𝟒, then the value of √𝟏 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝛉 is APRIL : 2024 2 θ 1
𝟓
4
A) 16 B) C) 5 D) 9
25 5 4 25
A √3 B
36) (Sec2A – 1) is equal to Exam-3:2024
A) tan2A B) cot2A C) sin2A D) cosec2A
Answers : 1.D, 2.D, 3.D, 4.C, 5.A, 6.D, 7.D, 8.C, 9.C, 10.C, 11.D, 12.C, 13.D, 14.D, 15.A,
16.C, 17.D, 18.B, 19.D, 20.D, 21.A, 22.B, 23.A, 24.A, 25.C, 26.A, 27.D, 28.B,
29.B, 30.B, 31.C, 32.D, 33.C, 34.B, 35.B, 36A.
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
 ONE MARK QUESTIONS :

1) In ∆ABC , ∟ABC = 900 and ∟ACB = 300 , then find AB : AC JUNE-2019

Ans. : In ∆ABC , ∠ABC = 90° and ∠ACB = 30° A

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = opp osite side = AB
Hypotanaus AC
AB
𝑠𝑖𝑛300 = B 300 C
AC
1 AB
=
2 AC
AB : AC = 1 : 2
𝟑 𝟒
2) If sin𝜃 = and cos𝜃 = , find the value of Sin2 𝜃 + Cos2𝜃. MODEL I-2020
𝟓 𝟓
3 4
Ans. : Sin2 𝜃 + Cos 2𝜃 =( )2 + ( )2
5 5
9 16
= +
25 25
Sin2 + Cos2𝜃 = 1
𝜃
3) Find the value of Sin300 + Cos600 MODEL I-2020

Ans. : Sin300 + Cos600 = 12 + 12 =1

4) Find the value of Sin900 + tan450 MODEL II-2020

Ans. : Sin900 + tan450 = 1 + 1 = 2

5) In a ∆ABC, AB⊥BC, ∠ACB = 300 , AB = 15 m, then find the length of BC.
Ans. : tan θ = AB
BC
A PREP-2020

tan 300 = AB
BC
1 15
=
√3 BC
BC = 15√𝟑m. B 300 C
6) Find the value of tan45° + cot45°. JUNE-2020

Ans. : tan45° + cot45° = 1 + 1 = 2

𝟐𝟒
7) If cos𝜃 = ,then write the value of sec 𝜃. SEPT ∶ 2020
𝟐𝟓
1
Ans. : cos𝜃 = ∴ sec𝜃 = 𝟐𝟓
Sec𝛉 𝟐𝟒
2
8) If sin A = 0 , then find the value of cosA. SEPT ∶ 2020

Ans. : sin2A + cos2A = 1

cos2A = 1- sin2A

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 cosA = √1 − 0
∴ cosA = √𝟏 = 1

9) In the figure ∠B = 900 , ∠A = ∠C and BC = 10cm, then find the value of

tan 450. A MODEL-I- 2021

Ans. : ∠A = ∠C = 450, So AB = BC
Opposite side
tan θ =
Ædjacent side

tan450 = 10 =1 B 10cm C
10

10) If 15 cot A = 8 , then find the value of tanA ? MODEL-II- 2021

Ans. : 15 Cot A = 8
Cot A = 8
15
1 𝟏𝟓
tan A = =
cotA 𝟖

11) Find the value of sin2θ + cos2θ + 1 MODEL-2022

Ans : W.K.T. sin2θ + cos2θ = 1
∴ sin2θ + cos2θ + 1 = 1 + 1 = 2
𝟑
12) If sinA = write the value of cosec A. PREP-2022
𝟒
1
Ans : W.K.T. Cosec A = Sin A
4
Cosec A =
3

13) If tan θ = 1, then find the value of sec2θ. PREP-2023

Ans. : 1 + tan θ = sec θ
2 2

1 + 12 = sec2θ
sec2θ = 2
14) In the figure, ABC is a right angled triangle. If ∠C = 30° and AB = 12 cm
then find the length of AC. A June-2022
Ans. : 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = Opposite Side = AB
Hypotenuse AC

𝑠𝑖𝑛300 = 12 12cm ?
AC 0
30
1 12
= B C
2 AC
AC = 24cm
15) A ladder is placed against a wall such that its foot is at a distance of 2.5m
from the wall and it is inclined at an angle of 600 with the ground. Find the
length of the ladder. PREP-2023
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-129
 A
Ans. : Cos θ = BC
AC
Cos 600 = 2.5 600
Ac
1 2.5
= AC = 5m B 2.5m C
2 AC

16) If sin A = 𝟏 , cos A = √𝟑 , then find the value of tan A. Model-QP:2024

𝟐 𝟐
SinA
Ans.: tan A = CosA
1
2
tan A = √3
2
1
tan A = P
√3
𝐒𝐢𝐧𝐑
17) In the figure ∟PQR = 900 then find the value of PREP-2024
𝐂𝐨𝐬𝐑
Ans: 12 13
SinR
= tanR = PQ = 12
CosR QR 5
Q 5 R
18) Find the value of θ in the figure. A APRIL : 2024
Ans. :
Sin θ = 1 1 2
2
Sin 30 = 12
0
θ
θ = 300 B √3 C

19) In the given figure, if ∟XYZ = 900, then find the value of sin α. JUNE-2024
Ans. : X
Sin α = Opposite side α
Hypotenuse 5 3
𝟒
∴ Sin α =
𝟓
Z 4 Y
20) If sinθ = 1, then find the value of cos θ. Exam-3:2024
Ans.:
cosθ = √1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 OR sinθ = 1
= √1 − 12 sinθ = sin 900 ( sin 90 = 1)
= √1 − 1 θ = 900
cosθ = 0 cosθ = cos90 = 0

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-130

 TWO MARKS QUESTIONS :
𝟏𝟐
1) If sin θ = 𝟏𝟑 , find the values of cos θ and tan θ. APRIL-2019
Ans. : By Pythagoras thereom A
AB2 = AC2 + BC2
132 = 122 + BC2
169 = 144 + BC2 13 12
BC = 169 – 144
2

BC2= 25
BC = 5 θ
Adj.side
cosθ = = BC = 5 B C
Hypotenuse AB 13
Opp.side AC 𝟏𝟐
tanθ = = =
Adj.side BC 𝟓

𝟏𝟑
2) If 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 = , then find the value of cos𝜃. JUNE-2019
𝟏𝟐
13
Ans : 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 = A
12
Hypotanause 13 AC
co𝑠ec𝜃 = = = AB
opp osite sid e 12
By Pythagorus theorem, 12k 13k
AB2 + BC2 = AC2
144k2 + BC2 = 169k2 θ
BC2 = 169 k2- 144 k2 B C
BC2 = 25 k2
BC = 5k
Ædjacent side 5k 𝟓
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = = BC = = P
Hyp otanuse AC 13 𝟏𝟑
θ
3) In the figure given below find the value 12cm 13cm
of sinθ and cos∝ ? MODEL-I-2021
Ans : α
Sin θ = Opposite side = 5
Q 5cm R
Hy potenus e 13
cos α = Ædjacent side = 5
A
Hy potenuse 13
4) In the given figure, α MODEL-II-2021

find the value of sin∝ + cosθ ? 4cm 5cm

Opposite side 3
Ans : Sin α = =
Hy pot enuse 5 θ
B 3cm C
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
 3
cos θ = Ædjacent side =
Hypotenuse 5
3 3 𝟔
sin α + cosθ = + =
5 5 𝟓

5) From the given figure find the value of MODEL-2022

a) sinθ b) tan∝ A
op p.side AB 1
Ans : sinθ = = =
Hypotenuse AC √5
opp.side BC 2
tan∝ = = = =2 1 √5
Adj.side AB 1
θ
B 2 C
6) In the figure find the value of sinP and tanR PREP-2022
R
QR
Ans : sin P =
opp.side
= =1
Hypotenuse PR 2
1 2
tan R = opp.side = PQ
= √3 = √3
Adj.side QR 1
Q √3 P
7) In the figure find the value of sinθ and tanα. April-2022
A
AB
Ans : Sin θ =
op p .side
= = 12 α
Hypotenuse AC 13
opp.side BC 5
tan α = = = 12 13
Adj.side AB 12
θ
5 C B
8) In the figure, ABC is a right angled triangle. If AB = 24 cm, BC = 7 cm and
AC = 25 cm, then write the value of sin α and cos α. June-2022
Opposite Side AB
Ans. : Sin ∝ = = = 24 A
Hypotenuse AC 25
Adjacent Side BC 7
Cos ∝ = = = 24cm 25cm
Hyp otenuse AC 25
∝
B 7cm C
9) In the figure, write the value of sinP and sin (90°-R). P Model-QP:2023
Ans :
SinP = Opposite Side = 1 1 √2
Hypotenuse √2
Adjacent Side 1
Sin (90°-R) = CosR = = Q 1 R
Hypotenuse √2
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
10) In the given figure, ∆ABC is a right angled triangle. Find the value of
following PREP-2023
i) sin α A
ii) tan 𝛽
Ans. : Sin α = Opposite side = 3 𝛽
Hypotenuse 5
Opposite side 3
tan 𝛽 = = 4 5
Ædj a cent side 4
α
B 3 C
11) Evaluate : 2tan 45 + cos 30 – sin 60
2 0 2 0 2 0
MODEL-2019

Ans. : tan450 = 1, Cos300 = √3 , Sin600 = √3

2 2
2tan2450+ cos2300 – sin2600 = 2x12 + (√3)2 - (√3)2
2 2
=2
12) In the given figure, if ABC = 90°, then find the values of sin θ and cos α.
Ans. : A April-2023

sin𝜃 = Opposite side = 1

Hy potenus e 2 1 2
Æd j a cent side
cos α = =1
Hypotenuse 2
B √3 C
13) In the given figure find the value of cos𝛂 and tanθ. P June-2023

Ans.: α

cos α = Ædj a cent side = √3 √3 2

Hypotenuse 2
θ
tan 𝜃 = Opposite side = √3 = √3 Q 1 R
Ædj a cent side 1

14) If √𝟑 tan θ =1 and θ is acute, find the value of sin 3θ + cos 2θ. April-2019
Ans : √𝟑 tan θ = 1
1
tan θ =
√3
tan θ = tan 30°
θ = 30°
sin 3θ = sin (3 × 30°) = sin 90° = 1
cos 2θ = cos(2 × 30°) = cos 60° = 1
2
1 1
sin 3θ + cos 2θ = 1 + = 1
2 2
Sin 3θ + Cos 2θ = 𝟑
𝟐
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
15) Prove that sin 30° + cos 60° + tan 45° = sec 60°. Model-QP:2024
1
Proof : sin 300 = , tan 450 = 1, cos 600 = 1, sec 60° = 2
2 2

sin 30° + cos 60° + tan 45° = 12 + 12 +1

= 2 = sec 60°
𝐂𝐨𝐬𝟒𝟓𝟎. 𝐒𝐢𝐧𝟒𝟓 𝟎
16) Find the value of PREP-2024
𝐒𝐞𝐜𝟑𝟎𝟎 –𝐂𝐨𝐭𝟔𝟎𝟎
1 1 2 1
Ans.: Cos450 = 0
, Sin45 = , Sec600 = , Cot600 =
√2 √2 √3 √3
1 x 1
Cos45 0.Sin45 0 √2 √2
= 2
Sec30 0 –Cot60 0 – 1
√3 √3
1
2
= 2—1
√3
1
2
= 1
√3

= 1x√3
2 1

Cos45 0.Sin45 0
= √3
Sec30 0 –Cot6 0 2
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟑𝟎𝟎+𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟔𝟎 𝟎
17) Prove that = sin 900 APRIL : 2024
𝐂𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟑𝟎 𝟎 – 𝐜𝐨𝐭𝟒𝟓𝟎
sin 30 0 +cos 60 0
Proof : L.H.S. =
Cosec 3 0 0 – cot45 0
1 1
Sin300 = , cos 600 = , cosec300 = 2, cot450 = 1
2 2
1 1
+
2 2
=
2– 1

=1=1
1
R.H.S. = Sin 900 = 1
(𝟏+𝐜𝐨𝐬𝛉)
18) Prove that = (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 +𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃)2 April-2019
(𝟏–𝐜𝐨𝐬𝛉)
(1+cosθ)
Proof : L.H.S. =
(1– cosθ)
(1+cosθ) (1+cosθ)
= x
(1– cosθ) (1+cosθ)

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 2
= (1+cos 2 )
1 –cos θ
1+cos 2θ+2co
= ( ∵ 1-cos2θ = Sin2θ )
si 2 θ
1
= + cos2θ + 2cosθ
Sin2θ Sin2θ Sin2θ
2 2
= cosec θ + cot θ + 2cosecθ. cotθ
= (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 +𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃)2
= R.H.S.

19) Show that (tan𝐴×sin𝐴)+cos𝐴 = sec𝐴. June-2019

Proof : L.H.S. = (tan𝐴×sin𝐴)+cos𝐴
sinA
= (CosA×sin𝐴)+cos𝐴
Sin 2 A
= + cosA
CosA
Sin 2A+Cos 2A
=
CosA
1
= { ∵ cos2𝜃 + sin2𝜃 = 1 }
CosA
= SecA = R.H.S.

20) If cos𝜃 = 0.6 Show that 5 Sin𝜃 – 3 tan𝜃 = 0 MODEL-2020

Proof: L.H.S. = 5 Sin𝜃 – 3 tan𝜃
Sinθ
= 5 Sin𝜃 – 3x
Cosθ
5 Sin x Cosθ–3 Sinθ
=
Cosθ
5 Sinθ x 0.6–3 Sinθ
=
0.6
3 Sinθ – 3 Sinθ
=
0.6
=0
= R.H.S.
21) P.T. (sec4𝜃 - sec2𝜃) = tan2𝜃 + tan4𝜃 MODEL-2020
Proof: L.H.S. = (sec4𝜃 - sec2𝜃)
= sec2θ(sec2 θ – 1)
= (1 + tan2θ)(tan2 θ) [ ∵ 1 + tan2θ = sec2θ ]
= tan2𝜃 + tan4𝜃 = R.H.S.
𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐀 – 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐀 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐀 – 𝟏
22) Prove that = SEPT ∶ 2020
𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐀 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐀 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐀 + 𝟏
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
 tanA – sinA
Proof: L.H.S. =
tanA + sinA
sinA
c osA
– sinA
= sinA
+ sinA
c osA
1
sinA( c osA –1)
=
sinA( 1 +1)
c osA
secA–1
=
secA+1
L.H.S. = R.H.S

23) Prove that CosecA (1- cosA) (cosecA + cotA) = 1 SEPT ∶ 2020
Proof: L.H.S. = cosec A (1- cos A) (cosec A + cot A)
1 1
= (1-cosA)( + cosA )
sinA sinA sinA
1–cosA 1+cosA
= ( )
sinA sinA
2
= 1–cos2 A
sin A
2
= sin 2 A = 1
sin A
L.H.S. = R.H.S
24) If cos(A+B) = 0 and sin(A-B) = 𝟏 then find A and B
𝟐
Ans : cos(𝐴+𝐵) = 0
cos(𝐴+𝐵) = cos900 {∵ cos900 = 0}
(𝐴+𝐵) = 90 --------(1)
sin(𝐴−𝐵) = 12
sin(𝐴−𝐵) = sin30
(𝐴−𝐵) = 30 ------(2)
Add Eqn(1) and Eqn(2) then,
𝐴+ 𝐵 = 90 Substitute A = 600 in Eqn (1)
𝐴−𝐵 = 30 60 + B = 90
2A = 120 B = 90 – 60
A = 600 B = 300
25) Prove that 𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝜃 –𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝜃.𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃
Proof:
L.H.S. = 𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝜃 –𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 Sin 2θ
= - 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃
Cos 2 θ
2 θ–Sin 2 θ.Cos 2θ
= Sin
Cos 2 θ
Sin 2 θ(1–Cos 2θ)
=
Cos 2 θ
= Sin2𝜃. Sin2𝜃 [ ∵ 1- Cos2𝜃 = Sin2𝜃 ]
Cos2𝜃
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝜃.𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃
= R.H.S.

𝐂𝐨𝐬𝐀 𝟏+𝐒𝐢𝐧𝐀
26) Prove that 𝟏+𝐒𝐢𝐧𝐀 + 𝐂𝐨𝐬𝐀
= 2 Sec A PREP-2024
cos A
Proof : L.H.S. = + 1+sin A
1+sin cos A
cos A x cos A+(1+sin A)(1+sin A)
= (1+sin A)cosA

co 2A+1+sin 2 A+2 sinA

= (1+si A)cosA
1+1+2sin A
= (1+sin A)cosA
2+2si A
= (1+sin A)cosA
2(1+sin A)
= (1+sin A)cosA
2
=
cosA

= 2 SecA
= R.H.S
𝐂𝐨𝐬𝛉–𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛉 .𝐜𝐨𝐬𝛉
27) Prove that = 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝛉 – 𝟏
APRIL : 2024
𝐂𝐨𝐬𝛉+𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛉 .𝐜𝐨𝐬𝛉 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝛉+ 𝟏
Cosθ–sinθ .cosθ
Ans. : L.H.S. =
Cosθ+sin .cosθ

= Cosθ(1–sin )
Cosθ(1+sin )

= (1–sinθ)
(1+sin )

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 1
(1– Cose )
= 1
(1+Cose )
c o sec θ —1

= ccosecθ+1
osec θ

c osec θ

= Cosecθ–1
Cosecθ+1

= RHS.
√𝟑 𝐒𝐞𝐜 𝐀
28) If = 1, then find the value of A. Exam-3:2024
𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝐀
√3 Sec A
Ans. : =1
cosec A
√3
cos A
1 =1
sin A
√3x sin A
=1
cos A
√3 tan A = 1
1
tan A =
√3
tan A = tan 300
A = 300

29) Prove that sin 300 . cos 600 + cos 300 . sin 600 = sin 900 Exam-3:2024
1 1 3 √3
Proof : sin 300 = , cos 600 = , cos 300 = √ , sin 600 = 2
2 2 2
L.H.S. = sin 300 . cos 600 + cos 300 . sin 600
1
= x1 + √3
x √3
2 2 2 2
1 3
= +
4 4
=1
0
sin 90 = 1
L.H.S. = R.H.S.

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 THREE MARKS QUESTIONS :
[𝟒𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛉–𝐜𝐨𝐬𝛉+𝟏]
1) If 4tan𝜃 = 3, Evaluate [𝟒𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛉+𝐜𝐨𝐬𝛉+𝟏] MODEL-2019

Ans. : 4tan𝜃 = 3 A
3
tan𝜃 =
4
Opposite side
tan𝜃 = 3k
Ædjacent side
By Pythagoras theorem,
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 B 4k C
AC2 = (3k)2 + (4k)2
AC2 = 9k2 + 16k2
AC2 = 25k2
AC = 5k
Opposite side AB 3
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = = =
Hy potenu se AC 5
Ædjacent side BC 4
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = = =
Hy potenuse AC 5
3 4
[4sinθ–cosθ+ ] = 4x – +1
5 5
3
[4sinθ+cosθ+1] 4x 4 +1
+
5 5
12 4
– +1
= 12 45
5
+ +1
5 5
8
+1
5
= 16
+1
5
13
5
= 21
5
13 5
= x
5 21
[𝟒𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛉–𝐜𝐨𝐬𝛉+𝟏] 𝟏𝟑
=
[𝟒𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛉+𝐜𝐨𝐬𝛉+𝟏] 𝟐𝟏
𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎
𝟐𝐜𝐨𝐬 (𝟗𝟎 – 𝟑𝟎 ) + 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟒𝟓 – √𝟑𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜𝟔𝟎
2) Evaluate : June-2022
√𝟑 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝟑𝟎𝟎+ 𝟐𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟔𝟎𝟎+ 𝐜𝐨𝐭𝟒𝟓𝟎
2cos (90 0 – 30 0 ) + tan45 0– √ 3cosec60 0
Ans. :
√3 sec30 0+ 2cos 0+ cot45 0

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 0
+ tan45 0 – √ 3cosec60 0
= 2cos 60
√3 sec30 0+ 2cos60 0+ cot45 0
2x1 1 – √ 3x 2
2
+ 3 √
= 2 1
√3 x + 2x + 1
2
√3

= 1+1–2
2+1+1

=0
3) Evaluate : 6cos600 – Sin300 + Sin2450 + cos2450 MODEL-2022
1 1
Ans : Cos600 = 1, Sin300 = 1 , Sin450 = , Cos450 =
2 2 √2 √2
1 1
6cos60 – Sin30 + Sin 45 + cos 45 = 6x - +
0 0 2 0 2 0
( 1 )2 + ( 1 )2
2 2 √2 √2
1 1 1
= 3- + +
2 2 2
6cos600 – Sin300 + Sin2450 + cos2450 = 31
2
𝟓 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐𝟔𝟎𝟎+ 𝟒 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐 𝟑𝟎 𝟎 – 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐𝟒𝟓𝟎
4) Prove that = 𝟔𝟕 PREP-2022
𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐𝟑𝟎𝟎+ 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟐
1 2 1 3
Proof : cos600 = , sec300 = , tan450 = 1 , sin300 = , cos300 = √
2 √3 2 2
2 0 2 0 2 0
5 cos 60 + 4 sec 30 – tan 45
Let L.H.S. =
sin 2 30 0 + cos 2 30 0

5x( 1 ) 2 + 4x ( 2 )2 – 12
2 √3
= [ ∵ sin2θ + cos2θ = 1 ]
1

= 5 x 1 + 4x4 -1
4 3
5 16
= + -1
4 3

= 5x3+16x4–1x
4x3

= 15+64–12
12

= 67
12
= R.H.S.
𝐒𝐢𝐧𝛉
5) Prove that + 𝟏+𝐂𝐨𝐬𝛉 = 2 Cosecθ MODEL-2020
𝟏+𝐂𝐨𝐬𝛉 𝐒𝐢𝐧𝛉
Ans. :
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
 L.H.S. =
Sinθ
+ 1+Cos
1+Co Sinθ
2
sin θ+(1+cosθ )(1+cosθ )
=
sinθ(1+cosθ)
sin 2 θ+1+cos 2 θ+2co
= sinθ(1+co )
2+2cosθ
= sinθ(1+cosθ) [ ∵ 1-𝑠𝑖𝑛2θ = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2θ ]
2(1+cosθ)
= sinθ(1+cosθ)
2(1+cos )
=
sinθ(1+cosθ)
= 2cosecθ
= R.H.S.

6) Prove that 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝛉 +

𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛉
= sin θ + cos θ. PREP ∶ 2020
𝟏– 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝛉 𝟏– 𝐜𝐨𝐭𝛉
Proof :
Cosθ sinθ
L.H.S. = +
1– tan 1– cot
cosθ sinθ
= sinθ + c o sθ
1– 1–
c o sθ si nθ
cosθ sinθ
= c osθ —sin θ + sinθ—cosθ
c osθ sin θ
2 2
cos θ sin θ
= -
cosθ–sinθ cosθ–sinθ
cos 2θ–sin 2θ
= 2
[∵ a – b2 = (a+b)(a-b)]
cosθ– sinθ

(𝐜𝐨𝐬θ+sin )(cosθ–sinθ)
=
(𝐜𝐨𝐬θ–sin )
= cosθ + sinθ = R.H.S.

7) Prove that 𝟏+𝐜𝐨𝐬𝛉 - 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛉 = 2cot θ PREP ∶ 2020

𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛉 𝟏+𝐜𝐨𝐬𝛉
Proof :
1+cos sinθ
L.H.S. = -
sinθ 1+cos
(1+cos )(1+cos ) –sin 2 θ
= sinθ(1+cos )
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
 1+cos 2 θ+2cosθ–sin 2 θ
=
sinθ(1+cos )
cos 2 θ+2cosθ+cos 2 θ
= sinθ(1+cos )
[ ∵ 1-𝑠𝑖𝑛2θ = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 θ ]
2cos 2 θ+2co
= sinθ(1+cos )
2cosθ(1+cos )
= sinθ(1+cosθ)
= 2cot θ
= R.H.S.

08) If x = p tan 𝜃 +q sec 𝜃 and y = p sec 𝜃 + q tan 𝜃 then prove that

x2 – y2 = q2 – p2. JUNE-2020

Proof :
x = p tan𝜃 + q sec𝜃
y = p sec𝜃 + q tan𝜃
x2 = (p tan𝜃 + q sec𝜃)2
= p2 tan2𝜃 + q2 sec2 𝜃 + 2.pq tan𝜃.sec𝜃 -----(1)
y2 = (p sec𝜃 + q tan𝜃)2
= p2 sec2 𝜃 + q2 tan2𝜃 + 2.pq tan𝜃.sec𝜃 -----(2)
Eqn(1) – Eqn(2)
x2 - y2 = p2 tan2𝜃 + q2 sec2 𝜃 + 2.pq tan𝜃.sec𝜃 - p2 sec2 𝜃 - q2 tan2𝜃 - 2.pq tan𝜃.sec𝜃
= p2 (tan2𝜃 - sec2 𝜃) + q2 (sec2 𝜃 - tan2𝜃)
= p2 (tan2𝜃 - sec2 𝜃) - q2 (tan2𝜃 - sec2 𝜃)
= p2(-1) - q2(-1) [∵ tan2𝜃 - sec2 𝜃 = -1 ]
= - p2 + q2
∴ x2 - y2 = q2 - p2
𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐𝛉 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐 𝛉 𝟏
09) Prove that + = . JUNE-2020
𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐𝛉–𝟏 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝟐𝛉–𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜𝟐𝛉 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐𝛉–𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐𝛉
tan 2θ cosec 2 θ
Proof :L.H.S. = +
ta n 2 θ –1 sec 2 θ–cosec 2 θ
sin 2 θ 1
co s 2 θ sin 2θ
= + 1
sin 2θ
–1 2
– 12
cos 2 θ co s θ sin θ
sin 2θ 1
co s 2 θ sin 2θ
= sin 2 θ —co s 2 θ
+ s in 2 θ—c o s 2 θ
co s θ2 sin 2 θ.cos 2 θ

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 sin 2θ cos 2θ
= +
sin 2 θ –co 2 θ sin 2 θ –cos 2 θ
sin 2θ+ cos 2θ
=
sin 2 θ –cos 2 θ
1
= 2θ
[ ∵ sin 2θ + cos2θ = 1]
sin 2 θ–c
= R.H.S.
𝐒𝐢𝐧𝛉 𝐂𝐨𝐬𝛉
10) Prove that 𝟏–𝐂𝐨𝐭𝛉
+ 𝟏–𝐭𝐚𝐧𝛉 = Sinθ + cosθ MODEL-I-2021

sinθ cosθ
Ans. : L.H.S. = +
1–cotθ 1–ta θ
sinθ cosθ
= +
1– c osθ 1– si nθ
sinθ cosθ
sinθ cosθ
= sinθ—c osθ + c osθ—sinθ
sinθ cosθ
sin 2θ cos 2 θ
= +
sinθ–cosθ cosθ–sinθ
sin 2θ cos 2 θ
= -
sinθ–cosθ sinθ–cosθ
sin 2θ –cos 2θ
= [∵ a2 – b2 = (a+b)(a-b)]
cosθ–sinθ
(𝐬𝐢𝐧θ+cosθ)(sinθ–cosθ)
=
(sinθ–cosθ)
= sin𝛉 + cos𝛉 = R.H.S.
𝐂𝐨𝐬𝛉–𝟐𝐂𝐨𝐬𝟑𝛉
11) Prove that
𝟐𝐒𝐢𝐧 𝟑 𝛉–𝐒𝐢𝐧𝛉
= Cotθ MODEL-I-2021

Cosθ –2Cos 3θ
Proof : L.H.S. =
2Sin 3 θ–Sin
2 θ)
= Cosθ(1–2Co
2
Sinθ(2Sin θ–1)
2 2 2
Cosθ(Cos θ+Sin θ –2 Co θ)
=
Sinθ(2Sin 2 θ–Cos 2 θ+Sin 2 θ)
2 2
Cosθ(Si θ –Cos θ)
=
Sinθ(Si 2 θ–Cos 2 θ)

= Cosθ
Sinθ

= cotθ
= R.H.S.
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
12) P.T. {sec θ - cos θ} {(Cosecθ - Sin θ) (tanθ + cotθ)} = 1 MODEL-II-2021

Proof :
L.H.S. = [sec θ - cos θ][(Cosecθ - Sin θ) (tanθ + cotθ)]
1 1 Sinθ
=[ – cosθ][ – sinθ ][ + Cosθ ]
Cosθ Sinθ Cosθ Sinθ
1 –cos 2θ 1–sin 2θ sin θ+cos 2θ
2
=[ ][ ][ ]
Cosθ Sinθ cosθ.sinθ
2 2
sin θ cos θ sin θ+cos 2θ
2
=[ ][ ][ ]
Cosθ Sinθ cosθ.si
sin 2 θ co 2 θ sin 2θ+cos 2θ
=[ ][ ][ ]
Cosθ Sinθ cosθ.sinθ
= sin2θ + cos2θ = 1= R.H.S

𝐒𝐢𝐧𝛉–𝐂𝐨𝐬𝛉 𝐒𝐢𝐧𝛉+𝐂𝐨𝐬𝛉 𝟐
13) Prove that 𝐒𝐢𝐧𝛉+𝐂𝐨𝐬𝛉
+ 𝐒𝐢𝐧𝛉–𝐂𝐨𝐬𝛉
= 𝟐𝐒𝐢𝐧𝟐𝛉–𝟏
. MODEL-II-2021

Proof :
Sinθ–Cosθ Sinθ+Cosθ
L.H.S. = +
Sinθ+Cosθ Sinθ–Cosθ
(Sinθ–Cosθ) 2 +(Sinθ+Cosθ) 2
= ( Sinθ–Cosθ ) (Sinθ+Cosθ)

sin 2 θ+cos 2 θ+2si .cosθ+sin 2 θ+cos 2 θ–2si .cosθ

= Si 2 θ–Cos 2 θ
si 2 θ+cos 2 θ+sin 2 θ+cos 2 θ
= Sin 2 θ– Cos 2 θ
1+1
= Sin 2 θ– (1– Sin 2 θ) [ ∵ sin 2θ + cos2θ = 1]
2
=
2Sin 2 θ–1
= R.H.S
𝐒𝐢𝐧𝛉 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝛉
14) Prove that 𝟏– 𝐂𝐨𝐬𝛉 + 𝟏+𝐜𝐨𝐬𝛉 = cotθ + secθ.cosecθ

Sinθ tanθ
Proof : L.H.S. = +
1– Cos 1+cosθ
Sinθ(1+cos )+tanθ(1–Cos )
=
( 1–Cos )(1+cosθ )

= Sinθ+Sinθ.Cosθ+tanθ–tanθ.Cosθ
2 1–cos θ
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
 = Sinθ+Sinθ.Cosθ+tanθ–sin
2 Sin θ

= Sinθ.Cosθ+tanθ
2Sin θ

= Sinθ.Cos
2
+
tanθ
Sin θ Sin 2 θ
Cosθ tan
= +
Sinθ Sin 2 θ
= cotθ + secθ.cosecθ
= R.H.S.
𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝛉 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝛉
15) Prove that 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐𝛉
+ = 𝑠𝑒𝑐2𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐2𝜃 −2
𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐𝛉
sin 2 θ cos 2 θ
Proof : L.H.S. = +
cos 2 θ sin 2 θ
= tan2𝜃 + cot2𝜃
= 𝑠𝑒𝑐2𝜃 -1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐2𝜃 -1 [ ∵ 1 + tan2𝜃 = sec2𝜃 & 1 + cot2𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐2𝜃 ]
= 𝑠𝑒𝑐2𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐2𝜃 −2
= R.H.S.
16) Prove that ( sinA + cosecA)2 + ( cosA + secA)2 = 7 + tan2A + cot2A.
Proof : L.H.S. = ( sinA + cosecA)2 + ( cosA + secA)2 March-2022
2 2 2 2
= Sin A + cosec A + 2.SinA.cosecA + cos A + sec A + 2.cosA.secA
1 1
= Sin2A + cos2A + cosec2A + sec2A + 2.SinA. + 2.cosA.
sinA cosA
= 1 + 1 + cot2A + 1 +tan2A + 2 + 2
= 7 + cot2A + tan2A = R.H.S.

17) Prove that Secθ(1 – sinθ)(secθ +tanθ) = 1. March-2022

Proof : L.H.S. = Secθ(1 – sinθ)(secθ +tanθ)
𝟏 1
= (1 – sinθ)( + Sinθ )
Cosθ Cosθ Cosθ
(1 – sinθ) (1+ sinθ)
= x
Cosθ Cosθ
2
1 –Sin θ
=
Cos 2 θ
Cos 2θ
=
Co 2 θ
[ ∵ 1 – Sin2θ = Cos2θ ]
=1
L.H.S. = R.H.S.
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
 𝟏
18) Prove that (cosecA-sinA) (secA - cosA) = Model-QP : 2023
𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐀+𝐜𝐨𝐭𝐀
Proof : L.H.S. = (cosecA-sinA) (secA - cosA)
1 1
=( − SinA)( - cosA)
SinA CosA
1–Sin 2 A 1–Cos 2 A
=( )( )
SinA CosA
2 2
Cos A Sin A
= x
SinA CosA
= SinA.CosA ------------ (1)
1
R.H.S. =
tanA+cotA
1
= Sin A C o s A
+
CosA SinA
1
= Sin 2 A+C o s 2 A
CosA.Sin A
SinA.CosA
=
Sin 2 A+Cos 2 A
= SinA.CosA ------------ (2)
From equation (1) and (2)
L.H.S. = R.H.S.
𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟑𝟎𝟎 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟒𝟓 𝟎– 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜𝟔𝟎𝟎
19) Find the value of Model-QP : 2023
𝐬𝐞𝐜𝟑𝟎𝟎 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟔𝟎𝟎 + 𝐜𝐨𝐭𝟒𝟓𝟎
2 2
Ans : sin300 = 1 , tan450 = 1 , cosec600 = , sec300 = , cos600 = 1, cot450 = 1
2 √3 √3 2
1 2
sin30 0 + tan4 0 – cosec 0
2
+1–
√3
= 2 1
sec30 0 + cos6 0 + cot 0 + +1
√3 2

√3+2√3—4
2√ 3
=
4+√3+2√ 3
2√ 3

= 3√3– 4
3 √3+4

= 3 √ 3–4 x 3 √ 3–4
3√3+4 3√3– 4
(3 √3– 4)2
=
(3 √ 3)2–(4)2
2+4 2–2.4.3
= (3√3) √3
27–1
27+16–24 √ 3
=
11
43–24√3
=
11
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
 𝟏+𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑨
20) Prove that √ = cosecA + cotA April-2023
𝟏– 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑨

1+co
Proof : L.H.S. = √
1–cosÆ

= √(1+cos ) x (1+cosÆ)
(1–cosÆ)x(1+cosÆ)

2
= √(1+cosÆ)
2 2
1 –co Æ
2
= √(1+cosÆ)
2
[ ∵ 1 - 𝑐𝑜𝑠2A = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2A ]
sin Æ
1+cosA
=
sinÆ
1 cosA
= +
SinA sinA
= cosecA + cotA
= R.H.S.
𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐀
21) Prove that + 𝟏+𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐀 = 2 cosecA April-2023
𝟏+𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐀 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐀
SinA
Proof : L.H.S. = + 1+CosA
1+CosA SinA
sin 2 A+(1+cos )(1+cosA)
= sinA(1+cosA)
sin 2 A+1+cos 2 A+2cosA
= sinA(1+cos )
2+2cosA
= sinA(1+cos )
[ ∵ 1-𝑠𝑖𝑛2A = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2A ]
2(1+cos )
= sinA(1+cos )
2(1+cos )
=
sinA(1+cosA)
= 2cosecA
= R.H.S.

22) Prove that ( secA – cos A) ( cotA + tanA ) = tanA . secA June-2023
Proof :
L.H.S. = (secA – cos A) ( cotA + tanA)
1 CosA Sin A
=( – cos A ) ( + )
Cos A Sin A Cos A

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 2 2 2
= ( 1– cos A )( cos A+ Sin A )
cos A Sin A x CosA
2
= ( Si A
)(
1
) [ ∵ cos2A + Sin2A = 1 ]
cos Sin A x Cos A

= ( Sin A x Sin A )( 1
)
Cos A Sin A x Cos A

= ( Sin A )( 1
)
Cos A Cos A

= tan A. sec A
= R.H.S.

𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝛉+𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝛉–𝟏

23) Prove that = 𝟏+𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝛉 JUNE-2024
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝛉–𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝛉+𝟏 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝛉
sec θ+tan θ – 1
Proof : L.H.S. =
tan θ–sec θ+1
Substitute 1 = sec2θ - tan2θ
2 2
sec θ+tan θ–(sec θ–tan θ )
=
tan θ–secθ+1
(sec θ+tan θ)–(secθ+tanθ)(secθ–tanθ)
=
tan θ– sec θ+1
(sec θ+tan θ)[1–(secθ–tanθ)]
=
tan θ– sec θ+1
(sec θ+tan θ)[1–secθ+tanθ]
=
tan θ–sec θ+1
(sec θ+tan θ)[tanθ–secθ+1]
=
tan θ–sec θ+1
= sec θ + tan θ
1
= + sinθ
cosθ cosθ
1+ sinθ
=
cosθ
𝟓 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐𝟔𝟎𝟎+ 𝟒 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐 𝟑𝟎 𝟎 – 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐𝟒𝟓 𝟎
24) Evaluate JUNE-2024
𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟑𝟎𝟎+ 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟗𝟎𝟎
1 2 1
Ans. : cos600 = , sec300 = , tan450 = 1 , sin300 = , sin900 = 1
2 √3 2
2 0 2 0 2 0
5 cos 60 + 4 se 30 – tan 45
Let L.H.S. =
sin30 0+ sin90 0

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 5x( 1 )2 + 4x ( 2 )2 – 12
2 √3
= 1
+1
2

5x( 1 ) + 4x ( 4 ) – 1
4 3
= 3
2
5 16
+ –
4 3
1
= 3
2
15+64—12
= 12
3
2
67
12
= 3
2

= 67x 2
12 3

= 67
18

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 UNIT-9. SOME APPLICATIONS OF TRIGONOMETRY:
TWO MARKS QUSTIONS :
1) The angle of elevation of the top of a tower from a point on the ground,
which is 30m away from the foot of the tower is 300. Find the height of the
tower. 2-MODEL-2019
Ans. : C
Angle of elevation = 300
The distance of the tower from the point = AB = 30m
Height of the tower = BC = ?
tanθ = Opposite side = BC
300
Adja cent side AB

tan300 = BC A 30m B
30
1 BC
=
√3 30
30
BC = = 10x3 = 10√3 m
√3 √3
BC = 10√𝟑 m

2) As observed from the top of a 100m high light house from the sea level the
angle of depression of two ships are 300 and 450. If one of the ship is exactly
behind the other on the same side of the light house, find the distance between
the two ships (√3 ≈1.73) 2-MODEL-2019
Ans. : A
Height of the light house = 100m 450
Let the positions of the ships B and C
Angle of depression = 450 and 300
In ∆ACD, 100 m
tanθ = Opposite side = AD
300 450
Adja cent side CD

tan450 = 100 B C D
CD
100
1=
CD
CD = 100m
In ∆ ABD,
tan300 = AD
BD

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 1
= 100
√3 BD
BD = 100√3 = 100x1.73 = 173m
Distance between two ships = BC = BD – BC
Distance between two ships = BC = 173 – 100 = 73m
3) The angle of elevation of the top of a vertical tower on a level ground from
Point, at a distance of 9√𝟑 m from its foot on the same ground is 600. Find
the height of the tower? 2-MODEL-2020
Ans. : Let the height of the tower = AB
Distance from the foot of the tower to the point = 9√3 m
Angle of elevation = 600 A
In ∆ABC, tanθ = AB
BC
AB
tan600 = 9√3
?
AB
√3 =
9√3
AB = 9√3 x √3 C 600 B
AB = 9x3 = 27m
∴ Height of the tower = AB = 27m.
4) Find the diameter of the circular base of right circular cone whose slant
height is 8cm and semi vertex angle is 600 2-MODEL-2020
Ans. :
Sinθ = Opposite side = AB D B A
Hypotenuse AC

Sin600 = AB 8m
8
√𝟑 AB
= 600
𝟐 8
AB = 4√𝟑 m C
∴ Diameter = AD = 2x4√𝟑 m = 8√𝟑 m

THREE MARKS QUSTIONS :

1) From the top of a vertical building of 50√𝟑 m height on a level ground the
angle of depression of an object on the same ground is observed to be 60°.
Find the distance of the object from the foot of the building. June-2019
OR

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 From the top of a building 50√𝟑 m high the angle of depression of a car on
the ground is observed to be 600 . Find the distance of the car from the foot
of a building. MODEL-II-2021
P M

θ = 600

50√3

Q ? R
Ans. : Height of the building = 50√3 m
Angle of depression = 600
The distance of the car from the Foot of a building = QR = ?
∟MPR = θ = 600
∴ ∟PRQ = θ = 600 [ ∵ PM ǁ QR, Alternate angles ]
PQ
tan600 = QR
50√3
√3 =
QR
50√3
QR =
√3
50√3
QR =
√3
∴ The distance of the car from the Foot of a building = QR = 50m

2) Two windmills of height 50 m and 40√𝟑 m are on either side of the field. A
person observes the top of the windmills from a point in between them. The
angle of elevation was found to be 45° and 30°. Find the distance between the
windmills. June-2019
E
D

50 40√3
450 300
A B C

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

Ans. : Distance between wind mills = AB + BC = ?
In ∆ABD,
tanθ = AD
AB
tan450 = 50
AB
50
1=
AB
AB = 50m
In ∆ BCE,
tanθ = CE
BC
40√3
tan300 =
BC
1 40√3
=
√3 BC
BC = 40x√3x√3
BC = 40x3
BC = 120m
∴ Distance between wind mills = AB + BC = 50 + 120 = 170 m.

3) A man observes two vertical poles which are fixed opposite to each other on
either side of the road. If the width of the road is 90 feet and heights of the
pole are in the ratio 1 : 2, also the angle of elevation of their tops from a point
between the line joining the foot of the poles on the road is 600 . Find the
heights of the poles. 3-PREP-2020
Ans. :
E
D

h 2h
0 0
60 60
A 90 - x B x C
Width of the road = AC = 90 feet
Height of the short pole = AD = h = ?
Height of the long pole = CE = 2h = ?
Angle of elevation = 600
Let BC = x, then AB = 90 - x

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

In ∆ABD,
AD
tan 600 = AB
h
√3 =
90– x
h = (90- x) √3 ---------- (1)
In ∆BCE,
CE
tan600 =
BC
2h
√3 =
x
2h = x√3
h = x. √23 ---------- (2)
From Eqn(1) and Eqn(2),
(90- x)√3 = x. √3
2
2(90- x)√3 = x. √3
180 – 2x = x
3x = 180
x = 60
Substitute x = 60 in Eqn (1) then
h = (90- x)√3= (90 – 60)√3= 30√3 m
Height of the short pole = AD = h = 30√𝟑 feet
Height of the long pole = CE = 2h = 60√𝟑 feet

4) From a point on the ground, the angles of elevation of the top and bottom
of a transmission tower fixed at the top of a 20m high building are 600 and 450
respectively. Find the height of the transmission tower. 3- MODEL-I-2021
A

20cm
600 450

C D

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

Ans. : Height of the building = BC = 20m
Angle of Elevation = θ = 600 and 450
Height of the transmission tower = AB = ?
BC
In ∆ BCD , tanθ =
CD
20
tan450 =
CD
20
1=
CD
∴ CD = 20cm
In ∆ ACD, tanθ = AC
CD
AB+BC
tan600 =
20
AB+2
√3 =
20
√3 x 20 = AB + 20
AB = 20(√3 -1) m
∴ Height of the transmission tower = AB = 20(√3 -1) m
5) A tower and a building are standing vertically on the same level ground.
The angle of elevation of the top of a building from the foot of the tower is 30°
and the angle of elevation of the top of the tower from the foot of the building
is 60°. If the tower is 50 m high, find the height of the building. June-2022
A

50m
C

B 300 600 D
AB
Ans. : In ∆ABD , tan60 0 =
BD
50
√3 =
BD
50
BD = --------(1)
√3
DC
In ∆BDC, tan30 0 = BD
1 DC
=
√3 BD
BD = √3. DC ---------- (2)
From equation (1) and (2)
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
 50
√3. DC = √3
50
DC =
√3X √3
𝟓𝟎
∴ Height of the building. = DC = m = 16.67m
𝟑

6) A cable tower and a building are standing vertically on the same level
ground. From the top of the building which is 7 m high, the angle of elevation
of the cable tower is 60° and the angle of depression of its foot is 45°. Find the
height of the tower. ( Use 3 = 1·73 ) June-2022
C

600
A 450 E

7m 7m
0
45
B D
Ans. : Height of the building is 7 m.
Height of the tower = CD = CE + DE = ?
AB and CD are perpendicular to the ground.
∴ AB || CD. AB = DE = 7 m and AE = BD.
Also ∠ EAD = ∠ BDA Alternate angles
AE || BD ∴ ∠ BDA = 45°
In ∆ABD, tan450 = AB
BD
AB
1=
BD
BD = AB
BD = 7m
CE
In ∆ACE, tan60 0 = AE
CE
√3 = 7
CE = 7√3
∴ Height of the tower = CE + DE = 7√𝟑 + 7 = 7(√𝟑 + 1) m

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 FOUR MARKS QUSTIONS :
1) The angles of elevation of the top of a tower from two points at a distance
of 4 m and 9 m from the base of the tower and in the same straight line with
it are complementary. Find the height of the tower. APRIL-2019
A

x 90-x
C 4mB 9m D
Ans. : Let AB be height of the tower
∟ACB = x°
∴ ADB = 90° – x
In Δ ABC, tan x = AB
BC
AB
tan x = ... (i)
4
AB
In Δ ADB, tan D =
BD
tan ( 90° – x ) = AB
9
AB
cot x = ... (ii)
9
Eqn (i) x Eqn (ii)
tan x × cot x = AB x AB
4 9
1 2
tan x × = AB
tanx 36
AB 2
1=
36
2
AB = 36
AB = 6
∴ Height of the tower AB = 6 m.
2) The angle of elevation of the top of an unfinished vertical building on a
ground, at a point which is 100m from the base of the building is 450. How
much height the building must be raised, so that its angle of elevation from
the same point be 600 ( Take √𝟑 = 1.73) MODEL-2020 D
Ans. : Height of the unfinished building = 100m C
0
Angle of elevation = 45
In ∆ABC,
tanθ = BC 600
AB
A 450 B
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
 100
tan450 =
AB
100
1=
AB
AB = 100m
In ∆ ABD,
tanθ = BD
AB
BD
tan600 =
100
BD
√3 =
100
BD = 100√3 m = 100x1.73 = 173m.
CD = BD- BC = 173 – 100 = 73m
∴ 73m height the building must be raised to to get an angle of elevation 600
3) A tower and a pole stand vertically on the
same level ground. It is observed that the angles
of depression of top and foot of the pole from the
top of the tower of height 60 m is 300 and 600
respectively. Find the height of the pole.
Ans. : 𝑱𝒖𝒏𝒆 ∶ 2020
Height of the tower = 60m.
Height of the pole = CD = h m. and BE = CD = h m.
Let BD = EC = x.
∴ AE = (60 – h) m.
∟ACE = 300
∟ADB = 600
In ∆AEC,
AE
tan 300 =
EC
1
= 60–h
√3 x
x = √3 (60 – h) ----------(1)
AB
In ∆ABD, tan 600 = BD
60
√3 =
x
x = 60 ----------(2)
√3
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
From Eqn(1) and Eqn(2)
60
√3 (60 – h) =
√3
60
(60 – h) =
√3x√3
60
(60 – h) =
3
(60 – h) = 20
h = 60 – 20
h = 40 m
Height of the pole = CD = h = 40m

4)An aircraft flying parallel to the ground in the sky from the point A through
the point B is observed, the angle of elevation of aircraft at A from a point on
the level ground is 60°, after 10 seconds it is observed that the angle of
elevation of aircraft at B is found to be 30° from the same point. Find at what
height the aircraft is flying, if the velocity of aircraft is 648 km/hr.
( Use √𝟑 = 1·73 ) SEPT-2020

648x1000
Ans. : Velocity = 648 km/h =
3600
= 180 m/sec.
After10 seconds distance travelled by aircraft = 180x10 = 1800 m
In the diagram OC = x CD = 1800 m OD = 1800 + x
AC
In ∆OAC , ∟C = 900 tanθ =
OC
h
tan 600 =
x
h
√3 =
x
h = √3 x ---------- (i)
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
 BD
In ∆ODB, ∟D = 900 , tanθ =
OD
h
tan300 =
1800+
1 h
=
√3 1800+
√3 h = 1800 +x ---------- (ii)
Substitute Eqn (i) in Eqn (ii)
x√3. √3 = 1800 + x
3x = 1800 + x
3x – x = 1800
2x = 1800
x = 1800 = 900
2
∴ h = √3 x = 900. √3 = 900 x 1.73
∴ h = 1557 m

5) The angle of depression from the top of a vertical tower to a point on the
ground is found to be 600 and from a point 50m above the foot of the tower
the angle of depression to the same point is found to be 300 as shown in the
figure find the height of the tower. MODEL-2022
C
600

B 300

A D
Ans. :
Height of the tower = AC = ?
Height of the tower from the foot to point B = AB = 50m.
Angle of depression = 600 and 300
∴ ∟ADB = 300
∟ADC = 600
AB
In ∆ABD, tanθ =
AD

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 50
tan 300 =
AD
1 50
=
√3 AD
AD = 50√3 m ----------(1)
AC
In ∆ADC, tan 600 =
AD
AC
√3 =
50√3
AC = 50√3x√3
AC = 50x3 = 150m
∴ Height of the tower = AC = 150m
6) A building on the ground is in the form of a conical tomb surmounted by a
cylinder of height 10 feet as shown in the figure. From a point ‘P’ on the
same ground the angle of elevation of the angle of elevation of the top edge
of the cylinder is found to be 300 and the angle of elevation to the vertex of
the cone is found to be 450. If the diameter of the outer edge of circular base
of the cylinder is 9.4 feet, find the height of the conical shaped tomb.
A PREP-2022

E C

10ft

450 300
B D P
9.4 ft
Ans. : Height of the cylinder = CD = 10 ft
Height of the conical shaped tomb = AE = ?
Angle of Elevations θ = 300 and 450
In ∆PCD, tanθ = CD
PD
10
tan 300 =
PD
1 10
=
√3 PD
PD = 10√3 = 10x 1.73 = 17.3 ft

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

Diameter of the cylinder = 9.4 ft
Radius = BD = 4.7 ft
So, BP = BD + PD = 4.7 + 17.3 = 22 ft
AB
In ∆ABP, tan 450 =
BP
AB
1 =
22
AB = 22 ft
Height of the conical shaped tomb = AE = AB – EB = 22-10 = 12 ft
7) The angle of elevation of the top of a building from the foot of a tower is
30° and the angle of elevation of the top of the tower from the foot of the
building is 60°. Both the tower and building are on the same level. If the
height of the tower is 50 m, then find the height of the building. March-2022
C
A

50m

600 300

B D
CD
Ans. : In ∆ABC , tan60 0 =
BD
50
√3 =
BD
50
BD = --------(1)
√3
AB
In ∆ABD, tan30 0 = BD
1 AB
=
√3 BD
BD = √3. AB ---------- (2)
From (1) and (2)
50
√3. AB =
√3
50
∴ Height of the building = AB = m
3
8) As observed from the top of a 75 m high light house from the sealevel, the
angles of depression of two ships are 30° and 45°. If one ship is exactly behind
the other on the same side of the light house, then find the distance between
the two ships. March-2022
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
 A 300 M
0
45
75m

450 300
B P Q
Ans : Distance between two ships is PQ
AB
In ∆ABP, tan45 0= BP
75
1=
BP
BP = 75
AB
In ∆ABQ, tan30 0 = BQ
1 75
√3
= BP+PQ
1 75
=
√3 75 + PQ
75 + PQ = 75√3
PQ = 75√3 – 75
PQ = 75(√3 – 1) m
∴ Distance between two ships = PQ = 75(√3 – 1) m
9) As observed from the top of a building standing vertically on the ground, the
angle of depression of a point 'C' on the ground is 60°. From the foot (B) of the
building when moved through point 'C' in a straight line and observe the top of
the building, from point 'P', if the angle of elevation has to be 30o (as shown in
the figure) then show that the distance moved from 'C' to 'P' is twice the
distance BC. Model-QP : 2023
A
600

300
B C P
Ans : Height of the building = AB
Angle of depression = 600 and angle of elevation = 300 ,
We have to prove that CP = 2 BC.
∴∟ACB = 600
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
 AB
In ∆ABC, tanθ =
BC
AB
tan600 =
BC
AB
√3 =
BC
AB = √3 BC ----------(1)
AB
In ∆ABP, tan 300 =
BP
1 AB
=
√3 BP
BP
AB = ----------(2)
√3
From equation (1) and (2)
BP
√3 BC =
√3
3BC = BP
3BC = BC + CP
3BC - BC = CP
2BC = CP
∴ CP = 2BC
10) A tower and a building are standing vertically on a level ground. The
angles of elevation of the top of the tower from a point on the same ground and
from the building are found to be 300 and 600 respectively. If the distance of the
point from the foot of the tower is 30√𝟑 m and height of the building is 10m,
then the distance between the foot of the tower and building and also the
distance between their tops. A PREP-2023

P 600 D

10m
0
30
C 30√𝟑 m B E
Ans. : The distance of the point from the foot of the tower = BC = 30√3 m
Height of the building = DE = 10 m
The distance between the foot of the tower and building = BE = ?
The distance between their tops = AD = ?
In ∆ABC, tanθ = AB
BC

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 AB
tan300 = 30√3
1 AB
√3
= 30√3
AB = 30 m
AP = AB – PB = 30 – 10 = 20 m
AP
In ∆APD, tan θ =
PD
0 20
tan 60 =
PD
20
√3 =
PD
20
PD =
√3
20
∴ The distance between the foot of the tower and building = BE = PD = √3 m
In ∆ APD, Sinθ =
AP
AD
20
Sin600 =
AD
√3 20
=
2 AD
40
AD = m
√3
𝟒𝟎
∴ The distance between their tops = AD = √𝟑 m
11) In the given figure, a rope is tightly stretched and tied from the top of a
vertical pole to a peg on the same level ground such that the length of the rope
is 20 m and the angle made by it with the ground is 30°. A circus artist climbs
the rope, reaches the top of the pole and from there he observes that the angle
of elevation of the top of another pole on the same ground is found to be 60°. If
the distance of the foot of the longer pole from the peg is 30 m, then find the
height of this pole. ( Take √3 = 1·73 ) April-2023
C

A 600 E

20cm
300

O B 30m D level ground

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 AB
Ans. : In ∆ABO, Sin θ =
AO
AB
Sin300 =
20
1 AB
=
2 20
AB = 10 cm
DE = AB = 10cm
Cos θ = OB
AO
OB
Cos300 =
20
√3 OB
=
2 20
OB = 10√3 = 10 x 1.73 = 17.3 cm
BD = OD – OB = 30 – 17.3 = 12.7 cm
AE = BD = 12.7 cm
CE
In ∆ ACE, tan 600 =
AE
CE
√3 =
12.7
CE = 1.73 x 12.7 = 21.97 cm
Height of the pole = CD = CE + DE
= 21.97 + 10
Height of the pole = 31.97 cm

12) A 1.2 m tall girl spots a balloon moving with the wind in a horizontal line
at a height of 88.2 m from the ground. The angle of elevation of the balloon
from the eyes of the girl at any instat is 600. After some time the angle of
elevation reduces to 300 (see the figure). Find the distance travelled by the
balloon during the interval. June-2023
C A

88.2 m

600
E 300 D ? B
1.2 cm
F 30m G

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

Ans. : Height of the balloon from ground = AB = CD = 88.2 – 1.2 = 87 m
AB
In ∆AEB, tan θ =
BE
87
tan300 =
BE
1 87
=
√3 BE
BE = 87√𝟑 m
CD
In ∆CED, tan θ =
DE
87
tan 600 =
DE
87
√3 =
DE
87
DE =
√3
29 x 3
DE =
√3
DE = 29x√𝟑 m
Distance travelled by the balloon = AC = DB = BE – DE
= 87√3 - 29√3 = 58√3 m
13) A man standing at the point ‘A’ on the building (AD) A E
observes a car at point ‘C’ on a straight road from
the foot of the building. The car moves 500 m towards
the building and reaches the point ‘B’, now he observes
the car from point ‘A’. The angles of depression in
these cases are complementary to each other. If the
car takes 9 minutes to reach from point ‘C’ to point D B 500m C
‘D’ at the speed of 100 m/minute, then find the height
of the building. Model-QP:2024
Ans.:
Let the angle of depression ∟EAC be ‘x’
Then ∟EAB = 90 – x ( Complimentary )
∴ ∟ACB = x and ∟ABD = 90 – x
The car takes 9 minutes to reach from point ‘C’ to point ‘D’.
speed of car = 100 m/minute
Distance travelled = Speed x Time = 100 x 9 = 900 m,
CD = 900 m, BD = 900 – 500 = 400m
Height of the building = AD = ?
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
 AD
In ∆ADB, tanθ =
BD
AD
tan(90 – x) =
400
AD
cot x = --------- (1)
400
AD
In ∆ADC, tanθ =
DC
AD
tan x = ----------- (2)
900
From eqn (1) and (2)
AD AD
Cot x . tan x = x
400 900
2
AD
1 =
400x900
AD2 = 400x900
AD = √400𝑥900
AD = 20x30 = 600m
∴ Height of the building = AD = 600 cm

A
14) In ∆ ABC, AD ⊥ BC. If ∟ABC = 60°, ∟ACB = 30°
and BC = 36 cm, then find measures of AB, AC
and AD. Model-QP:2024
Ans. :
∟ABC = 60°, ∟ACB = 30° then ∟CAB = 900
In right triangle ABC, ∟CAB = 900 600 300
B D C
Sin θ = AB
BC
0 AB
Sin 30 =
36
1 AB
=
2 36
36
AB =
2
AB = 18 cm
Cos θ = AC
BC
0 AC
Cos 30 =
36
√3
= AC
2 36
AC = 18√𝟑 cm

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 In right triangle ADB, ∟ADB = 900
Sin θ = AD
AB
AD
Sin 600 =
18
√3 AD
=
2 18
AD = 9√𝟑 cm

15) The lighthouse [AB] of height 10√𝟑 m stands vertically on a sea shore. A
tower [CE] and a ship [F] are standing 30m and 10m away from the foot of the
lighthouse respectively. The angle of elevation of the top of the tower from the
top of the lighthouse is 300 . Find the height of the tower and distance between
the top of the lighthouse to the top of the tower [AE]. Also find the angle of
depression formed from the top of the lighthouse to the ship. PREP-2024
E

A 300 D
10√3 m

B 10m F C
30m
Ans. : The height of light house = 10√3 m
The distance between foot of the light house to foot of the tower = BC = 30 m
The distance between foot of the light house to ship = BF = 10 m
Height of the tower = CE = ?
Distance between the top of the light house to the top of the tower = AE = ?
Angle of depression = θ = ?
DE
In ∆ADE, tan θ =
AD
tan 300 = DE
30
1
= DE
√3 30
30
DE = m
√3
60
∴ Height of the tower = CE = DE + CD =
30
+ 10√3 = ( 30+10X3) = = 20√ 𝟑 m
√3 √3 √3
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
 AD
In ∆ADE, Cos θ = AE
30
cos 300 =
AE
√3 30
=
2 AE
60
AE = = 20√3 m
√3
∴ Distance between the top of the lighthouse to the top of the tower = AE = 20√𝟑 m
Angle of depression = ∟DAF = ∟AFB = θ
In ∆ABF, tanθ = AB
BF
10√ 3
tanθ =
10
tanθ = √3
tanθ = tan 600
∴ Angle of depression = θ = 600

16) In the figure the poles AB and CD of different heights are standing vertically
on a level ground. From a point P on the line joining the foots of the poles on
the level ground, the angles of elevation to the tops of the poles are found to be
complementary. The height of CD and the distance PD are 20√𝟑 m and 20 m
respectively. If BP is 10 m, then find the length of the pole AB and the distance
AC between the tops of the poles. APRIL : 2024
Ans. : In ∆CPD, C
Let angle CPD be θ ?
CD 20√3
Then tan θ = PD = 20 = √3 A
0
∴ θ = 60 ? 20√3
∟APB = 900 – 600 = 300
In ∆ABP, B 10m P 20m D
AB
tan θ =
BP
AB
tan300 =
10
1 AB
=
√3 10
10
AB = m
√3
∴ length of the pole AB = 𝟏𝟎 m
√𝟑

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 In right ∆PDC, PC2 = PD2 + DC2
= 202 +(20√3 )2
= 400 + ( 400 × 3 )
= 400 + 1200
2
PC =1600 .............. (1)
In right ∆ABP, AP2 = AB2 + BP2
= ( 10)2 + 102
√3
100
= + 100
3
100+3
=
3
2 400
AP = .............. (2)
3
In right ∆APC, AC2 = AP2 + PC2
400
= + 1600
3
400+4800
=
3
5200
=
3
400 X 13
AC = √
3
20X√13
AC = = 20 x √39 m
√3 3
𝟐𝟎
∴ Distance AC between the tops of the poles = x √𝟑𝟗 m
𝟑

17) Two kites ‘A’ and ‘B’ are flying one below the other above the horizontal
ground as shown in the figure. Kite ‘A’ is flying 300 m above the ground.
The angles of elevation of kites ‘A’ and ‘B’ as observed from a point ‘P’ on
the ground are 60° and 30° respectively. Find the distance between the two
kites ( AB ). After some time when the thread of kite ‘A’ is released, it
moves horizontal to the ground and reaches the point ‘Al ’ in the sky. If
P, B, Al are in the same line, then find the distance between the kites (A1B).
A A1 JUNE-2024

B 300m

600 300
P M

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 Ans. : Angle of elevation θ = 60° and 30°
AM
In ∆PMA, tan600 =
PM
300
√3 =
PM
300
PM =
√3
BM
In ∆PMB, tan60 =
PM
1 BM
= 300
√3
√3
√3. √3.BM = 300
3.BM = 300
300
BM =
3
BM = 100 m
AB = AM – BM = 300 – 100 = 200 m
In ∆ABA1 , ∠AA1B = ∠BPM = 30° ( AA1 || PM , corresponding angles )
AB
Sin300 = 1
A B
1 200
= 1
2A B
1
A B = 200X2 = 400 m
The distance between the kites ( A1B ) = 400 m
18) There are two vertical towers on a level ground which are 300m apart. A soldier in an
helicopter above the ground observes the top of the towers and he found the angles of
depression to be 600 and 300 as shown in the figure. If the height of the taller tower is 500 m
and the distance between the foot of the shorter tower and the foot of the altitude from the
helicopter to the ground is 100√𝟑 m, then find the height of the shorter tower.
[ take √3 = 1.73 ] Exam-3:2024
P H Q
600 300
M C

A N E
500 m

B 100√3 G D
300 m

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 Ans. :
Height of the taller tower = DC = 500 m,
Distance between the foot of the two towers = BD = 300 m
Height of the shorter tower = AB = ?
Join AN, MC and NE
Angle of depresion θ = 60° and 30°
∟AHP = ∟HAN = 600 ( alternate angles)
∟CHQ = ∟HCM = 300 ( alternate angles)
In ∆AHN, tan60 = HN
AN
HN
√3 = ( AN = BG)
100 √3
HN = 100√3 x √3
= 100x 3
HN = 300 m
But GD = 300 - 100√3
= 100x3 - 100√3
= 100√3 (√3 - 1)
In ∆HMC, tan300 = HM
MC
1 HM
=
√3 100 √ 3(√ 3–1)
HM = 100(√3 - 1)
= 100( 1.73 – 1)
= 100 x 0.73
HM = 73 m
MN = HN – HM = 300 – 73
MN = 227 m
∴ Height of the shorter tower = AB= DE = DC – CE = 500 – 227 = 273 m

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 UNIT- 10. CIRCLE :
Circle : The collection of all the points in a plane which are at a fixed distance
from a fixed point in the plane is called a circle. The fixed point is the
centre and the fixed length is called radius of the circle.
Chord : The line segment joining any two points on the circumference of a circle.
Arc : A piece of a circle between two points called an arc.
Segment : The region between a chord and either of its arc is called a segment.
Sector : The region between an arc and two radii is called a segment.
Secant of a circle : A line which intersects a circle
in two distinct points is called secant M N
of a circle. Here MN is a secant.
Tangent to a circle :A tangent to a circle is straight line P A Q
which intersects (touches) the circle at only one point.
Here PQ is a tangent touches the circle at ‘A’
* Tangent touches the circle at only one point.
* We can draw infinitely many tangents to a circle.
* The common point of a tangent to a circle and the circle is called point of contact.
Theorem 4.1 : “The tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius
through the point of contact”
Theorem 4.2 : “The lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle
are equal”

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS :

1) A straight line which passes through two points on a circle is April-2019

A) a chord B) a secant C) a tangent D) the radius

2) A straight line passing through a point on a circle is April-2020

A) a tangent B) secant C) radius D) a transversal. A

3) In given figure BC is Model-1:2021 O C

A) radius B) chord C) diameter D) a transversal

4) Four statements are given below with respect to D B E
the tangents. The wrong statement is: Model-1:2021
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
 A) There are exactly two tangents that can be drawn to a circle from a point lying
outside the circle.
B) There is only one tangent passing through a point lying on a circle.
C) Only two tangents can be drawn from a point lying inside a circle.
D) The lengths of the tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.
5) The lengths of the tangents drawn to a circle from a point outside it
A) are unequal B) are equal Model-2:2021
C) are equal to radius of the circle D) are equal to diameter of the circle
6) The wrong statement in the following is JULY-2021
A) a tangent to a circle touches the circle exactly at one point.
B) when a straight line is drawn to a circle it always passes through
a point on the Circle.
C) the point common to the circle and its tangent is called the point of
contact.
D) the tangent drawn at any point to a circle is perpendicular to the radius
drawn at the point of contact.

7) In a circle with centre ‘O’ the secant is

A) PQ B) XY C) QR D) AB Model-2:2021

8) In the figure the ‘Chord’ is ,

A) AB B) CD C) MN D) OK

9) In a circle, the angle between the tangent and the radius at the point of
contact is March-2022
0 0 0 0
A) 30 B) 60 C) 90 D) 180
10) AP and BP are the tangents to a circle of centre ‘O’.
If ∟APB = 300 then the measure of ∟OAP is ,
A) 300 B) 1200 C) 600 D) 900
11) The angle between the two radii of a circle is 1300. Then the angle between
the tangents drawn at the ends of the radii is Model-1:2021
0 0 0 0
A) 65 B) 40 C) 70 D) 50
12) The distance between two parallel tangents in a circle of radius 3 cm is
A) 3 cm B) 1.5 cm C) 9 cm D) 6 cm June-2023

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

13) AB and CD are two parallel tangents to the circle of radius 6 cm. Then the
distance between the tangents is Model-2020
A) 10𝑐𝑚 B) 12𝑐𝑚 C) 13𝑐𝑚 D) 15𝑐𝑚
14) In the following figure, PA, PC and CD are
tangents drawn to a circle of centre O. If AP = 3 cm,
CD = 5 cm, then the length of PC is June : 2019
A) 3 cm B) 5 cm. C) 8 cm. D) 2 cm.
15) In the figure, TP and TQ are tangents drawn to a
circle of centre O. measure of ∠PTQ Model-2020
A) 90° B) 110° C) 70° D) 40°

16) A line intersecting a circle in two points is :

Model-1:2021
A) secant B) tangent C) radius D) perpendicular

17) In the given figure PA and PB are the tangents

to a circle with centre ‘O’. If PA = 5cm and
∠APB=600 then the length of the chord AB is :
A)5√2 cm B) 5√3 cm C) 5cm D) 5.2cm
18) A tangent can be drawn from an external point ‘A’ to a circle with centre
‘O’. AB = 24cm and OA = 25cm, then the radius is Model-2:2021
A) 12cm
B) 7cm
C) 15cm
D) 16cm

19) In the given circle with centre ‘O’ ACB, AE and

BD are the tangents. If AB = 12cm, AE=3cm the
length of BD is Model-2:2021
A) 6 cm B) 3 cm C) 8 cm D) 9 cm

20) In the given figure PA, PBC and CD are the tangents to
a circle with centre O. If PC = 8 cm and AP = 5 cm,
the length of the tangent CD is JULY-2021
A) 5 cm B) 3 cm C) 8 cm D) 13 cm

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

21) In the adjoining figure, tangents are drawn
from an external point ‘P’ to two internally
touching circles. If AP = 8 cm, then the measure
of CP is
A) 7.6 cm B) 7.8 cm C) 8cm D) 8.2 cm
22) In the figure, secant is June-2022 MX S Y
A) AB P Q
B) PQ
C) XY A O B
D) MN

23)In the given figure AT is a tangent drawn at the N

point ‘A’ to the circle with centre ‘O’ such that
OT = 4 cm. If ∟OTA = 300 ,then AT is JULY-2021 O
A)4 cm B) 2 cm C) 2√3 cm D) 4√3 cm 300
A T
24) In the figure, BP and BQ are the tangents to the circle with centre 'O'.
If OPQ = 20°, then the measure of PBQ is Model-QP:2023
P

200
O B

Q P
A) 40° B) 160° C) 140° D) 20°
25) In the given figure, PB is a tangent drawn at the
Point A to the circle with centre ‘O’. If ∟AOP = 45°, O A
then the measure of ∟OPA is April-2023
A) 45° B) 90° C) 35° D) 65° B
26) In the given figure, OP┴ AB. The length of AB is PREP-2024
(A) 8cm
(B) 6cm O
(C) 7cm 3cm
(D) 5cm A 4cm B
A P B
27) The secant of circle in the figure, is APRIL : 2024 C D
M O N
(A) MN (B) OE (C) CD (D) AB
E

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

28) In the figure XY is a tangent to the circle with centre ‘O’. If ∟AOB = 1300,
then the measure of ∟BAY is Exam-3:2024
B
A) 900
B) 250 O 1300
C) 500
D) 650 ?
X A Y
Answers : 1.B, 2.A, 3.B, 4.C, 5.B, 6.B, 7.B, 8.C, 9.C, 10.D, 11.D, 12.D, 13.B, 14.C, 15.C,
16.A,17.C, 18.B, 19.D, 20.B, 21.C, 22.D, 23.C, 24.A, 25.A 26.A, 27.A, 28.D

ONE MARK QUESTIONS :

1) How many tangent/s can be drawn to circle in a given point. Prep : 2020
Ans : One
2) In the figure AB and AC are the two B
tangents drawn from the point A to the circle
with centre O. If∟BOC = 1300 then find∟BAC O 1300 A
Ans : April : 2020 C
Angle between tangents = 1800 – Angle between the radii
∟BAC = 1800 -1300
∴ ∟BAC = 500

3) In the given circle with centre ‘O’ AC is diameter.

∟ACB = 500 then find ∟BAC?
Ans : AC is a diameter. ∟AOC = 1800 ∴ ∟ABC = 900
∴ ∟ACB + ∟ABC + ∟BAC = 1800
[ ∵ sum the three angles of a triangle is 180° ]
500 + 900 + ∟BAC = 1800 D C
∟BAC = 1800 - 1400
∟BAC = 400 A
4) In the adjoining figure, AP = 3cm and PC = 8cm B
then, find the length of tangent CD PREP-2019

P
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
 Ans : AP = 3 cm , PC = 8 cm , CD = ?
BP + BC = PC
But BP = AP (∵ The tangents drawn from an external point to the circle are same)
∴ AP + BC = PC
3 + BC = 8
BC = 8 – 3
BC = 5 cm
But CD = BC (∵The tangents drawn from an external point to the circle are same)
CD = 5cm

5) In the figure, AB is a tangent to a circle with centre ‘O’. P is the point of

contanct. If ∟OAP = 500 , then find ∟AOP. PREP-2023
A
0
50

O P

B
Ans. : In ∆AOP, ∟OAP + ∟AOP +∟OPA = 1800
500 + ∟AOP + 900 = 1800
∟AOP = 180 – 140 = 400
6) In the given figure, if ∟AOB = 2 ∟APB , then find the value of ∟APB.
Ans.: Model-QP:2024 A
∟AOB + ∟APB = 1800
2 ∟APB + ∟APB = 1800 O P
3 ∟APB = 1800
∟APB = 600 B
7) In the figure ‘O’ is the centre of the circle, JUNE-2024
OA is the radius and AP is the tangent.
If ∟OPA = 400, then find ∟AOP. O
Ans. : 40
∟AOP + ∟APO + ∟PAO = 180 0
A P
[ ∵ sum the three angles of a triangle is 180° ]
∟AOP + 400 + 900 = 1800
∟AOP = 1800 - 1300
∟AOP = 500
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
 TWO MARKS QUESTIONS :
1) In the given circle AP, AX and AY are the
tangents. Then prove that AY = AX.
Ans :In circle centre with ‘D’, AY = AP ----- (1)
( ∵ The tangents drawn from an external point to the circle are same)
In circle centre with ‘C’, AX = 𝐴𝑃 ------(2)
From (1) and (2) AY = AX
2)Prove that “ The lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to a
circle are equal” ( Theorem-6) 3-April ∶ 2019 , June ∶2020 , SEPT∶ 20, PREP ∶ 19, PREP ∶ 2020
March-2022 , June-2022, Model-2023, prep-23,April-23, Exam-1, Exam-2, Exam-3: 2024
3) In the given figure PQ and RS are two parallel tangents to a circle wityh
centre O and another tangents AB with point of contact C intersecting PQ
at A and Rs at B. Prove that ∠AOB = 90°. 3-April : 2019
To prove : ∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 90°.
Proof :Join O and C.
In ∆OXA and ∆OCA
AX = AC (∵ tangents)
OX = OC (∵ radii )
OA = OA (∵ common side )
∴ ∆OXA ∆OCA (∵ S.S.S. Congruence rule)
∟XOA = ∟COA .................. (1)
Similarly ∆OCB ∆OYB (∵ S.S.S. Congruence rule)
∟COB = ∟YOB .................. (2)
∟XOA +∟COA +∟COB + ∟YOB = 1800 ------(3) (∵ XY is a straight line.)
Substitute (1) and (2) in Eqn(3)
2∟AOC + 2∟COB = 1800
∟AOC + ∟COB = 900
∟AOB = 900

4) Two concentric circles of radii 5cm and 3cm are drawn. Find the length of
the chord of the larger circle which touches the smaller circle. June-2019

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 Ans :By Pythagoras theorem,
OA2 = AB2 + OB2 O
52 = AB2 + 32
25 = AB2 + 9 A B
AB2 = 25-9
AB2 = 16
AB = 4cm
∴ Lengthof the chord = AC = 8cm
5)Prove that “The tangents at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the
radius through the point of contact”(Theorem-5) Model ∶ 2020 , June-2023

6) In the given circle with centre ‘O’ AB is diameter and AP is a tangent.

∟OCB = 250 then find ∟APB? Model∶2019 B
Ans : ∠OCD = 25°
OB = OC (∵ Radii ) O 250

∠𝑂BC = ∠𝑂𝐶𝐵 = 25° (∵ ∆OBC is a isosceles triangle ) C

∠PAB = 90° (∵The tangents at any point of a circle is A P
perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact)
In ∆PAB, ∠APB + ∠A𝐵P + ∠PAB = 180°
∠APB + 25° + 90° = 180°
∠APB = 180° -1150
∠APB = 65°

7) To the circle with centre ‘O’, TP and TQ are the two tangents drawn from
an external point ‘T’. Prove that ∠PTQ = 2∠OPQ PREP-2019

P
Data : ‘O’ is the centre. TP and TQ
are the two tangents drawn T
to the circle at P and Q. O

To prove : ∠PTQ = 2∠OPQ

Q
Proof : Let ∠PTQ = θ.
But TP = TQ (∵The tangents drawn from an external point to the circle are same.)
∴ TPQ is an isosceles triangle.
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
 ∴ ∠TPQ = ∠TQP = 12 [ 180 - θ ]
1
∠TPQ = ∠TQP = 90 - θ ---------- (1)
2
But ∠OPT = 900 (∵The tangents at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the
radius through the point of contact)
∠OPQ = ∠OPT - ∠TPQ
1
∠OPQ = 900 – (90 - θ )
2
1 1
∠OPQ = 2
θ = 2 x ∠PTQ
∴ ∠PTQ = 2 x ∠OPQ

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 UNIT-11. AREA RELATED TO CIRCLES:
1. Circumference of a circle = C = 2 πr
2. Area of a circle = A = πr2
஠r 2
3. Area of a Semi circle = A = 2
஠r 2
4. Area of a quadrant = A = 4
5. Area of a square = A = a2
6. Area of a rectangle = A = lxb
1
7. Area of a triangle = A = xbxh
2
√3 2
8. Area of an equilateral triangle = A = a
4
θ
9. Length of an arc of a circle of radius ‘𝑟’ and angle ′𝜃′ = x 2𝜋𝑟
360
θ
10. Area of the sector of a circle of radius ‘𝑟’ and angle ′𝜃′= x 𝜋𝑟2
360

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS :

1) If the area of a circle is 49π sq.units then its perimeter is April : 2019
A) 7 π units B) 9 π units C) 14 π units D) 49 π units
2) Area of two congruent circles with radius ‘𝑟’ is MODEL-2019
1
𝐴) 2𝜋𝑟2 𝐵) 2 C) 𝜋𝑟2 𝐷) 𝜋𝑟2
2
3) Length of an arc of a sector of a circle of radius ‘r’ and angle ‘θ is
θ θ θ 𝛉
A ) 360 x 𝜋𝑟2 B) 360 x 2𝜋𝑟2 C) x 2𝜋𝑟 D) x 2𝜋𝑟 June-2020
180 𝟑𝟔𝟎
4) The area of the sector of a circle with radius ‘r’ and angle ‘p’ (in degree)
𝐩 p p p
A) x2πr2 B) 360 x2πr C) x πr2 D) x 2πr PREP-2019
𝟕𝟐𝟎 180 180
𝟏
5) The area of the 𝟒
sector of a circle with radius ‘r’is PREP -2020

πr2 2 𝟐 πr2
A) sq.units B) πr 𝛑𝐫
sq.units C) 𝟒 sq.units D) sq.units
360 90 2
6) If the diameter of a circle is 14 cm, then its circumference is JUNE-2024
A) 28 cm B) 44 cm C) 56 cm D) 88 cm

ONE MARK QUESTION :

1) Write the formula to find area of a sector of a circle, if angle at the
centre is ‘θ’ degrees. June : 2019
θ
Ans : A = x 𝜋𝑟2
360
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
2) In the figure find the length of an arc AB of a circle
centre ‘O’ if ∟AOB = 900 MODEL-QP-2022
ϴ
Ans : Length of an arc = x2 𝜋𝑟 900
360
90 22
= 360
x2x 7
x7 A B
1
= 4
x2x22
= 11cm
3) If the diameter of a circle is 7cm then write the length of its semicircular
arc. PREP-2022
ϴ
Ans : Length of an arc = x2 𝜋𝑟 7 cm
360
180 22
= 360
x2x 7
x3.5
1
= 2
x22
length of its semicircular arc = 11cm

TWO MARKS QUESTIONS :

1) Find the length of an arc of a sector of a circle with radius 21cm and
angle subtended at the centre is 60°. April : 2019
Ans : Radius = r = 21cm, Angle = 𝜃 = 60°
ϴ
Length of an arc = x2 𝜋𝑟
360
60
= x2x 22x 21
360 7
= 13 x 22
7
x 21
∴ Length of an arc = 22 cm.

2) Find the area of the sector of a circle with radius 4cm and angle 450
(use 𝜋= 3.14). April : 2019
Ans : Radius = r = 4cm, Angle = 𝜃 = 45°
ϴ
Area of the sector = x 𝜋𝑟2
360
45 22
= x x 42
360 7
1 22
= x x16
8 7
∴ Area of the sector = 6.28 cm2
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
 3) The areas of two circles are 92 cm2 and 62cm2 resp. Find radius of the circle
having the area of sum of the areas of these circles. June : 2019
Ans : Sum of the areas of two circles = 92+62 = 154cm2
Area of a circle = A = 𝜋𝑟2
𝜋𝑟2 = 154
7
𝑟2 = 154 x
22
𝑟 = 49
2

∴ Area of a circle = r = 7 cm
4) In the given figure 𝐴𝐵 = 36 𝑐𝑚. M is the midpoint of 𝐴𝐵. AM, BM and
AB are the diameters of 3 semi circles. Find the area of the shaded region
Ans : MODEL-2019
Radius of the circle with diameter AB = R = 18cm
Radius of the circle with diameter AM = r = 9cm
A M B
Area of the = Area of the semicircle - 2 x Area of the semicircle
Shaded region with diameter AB with diameter AM & BM
2 2
= πR – 2x πr
2 2
= π x 18x18
2
- π x 9x9
= 162π - 81π = 81π = 81 x 3.14
∴ Area of the shaded region = 254.34 cm2

5) A right angled triangle is inscribed in a circle

of radius 5cm with centre ‘O’. The sides which
make right angles are 8 cm and 6cm. Find the
area of the shaded region in the figure. PREP-2020
Ans :
Area of the shaded region = Area of the circle – Area of the triangle
1
= 𝜋𝑟2 - x AC x BC
2
1
= 3.14(5)2 - 2 x 8 x 6
= 3.14 x 25 - 24
= 78.5 – 24
∴ Area of the shaded region = 54.5 cm2

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 THREE MARKS QUESTIONS :
1) A hand fan is made up of cloth fixed in between the
metallic wires. It is in the shape of a sector of a circle
of radius 21 cm and of angle 120° as shown in the
figure. Calculate the area of the cloth used and also find
the total length of the metallic wire required to make
such a fan. JUNE-2020
Ans :
Area of the hand fan = Area of the sector
θ
Area of the sector = x 𝜋𝑟2
360
Area of the hand fan = 120
360
x 22
7
x 21x 21
= 22 x 21
= 462 cm2
Total length of the required wire = Length of the arc + 2 x radius
θ
= 360
x 2𝜋𝑟 + 2𝑟
120
= 360
x2 x 22 x 21+ 2 x 21
7
= 44 + 42
= 86 cm
 Area of the required cloth = 462 cm2
 Length of required wire = 86 cm
2) AB and CD are the arcs of two concentric circles with centre O of radius
21 cm and 7 cm resp. If ∟AOB = 300 as shown in the figure, find the area of
the shaded region. SEPT-2020
θ
Ans : Area of the sector = x 𝜋𝑟2
360
30 22
Area of the sector OAB = x x 21x 21
360 7
11x 21
=
2
231
= cm2
2
θ
Area of the sector OCD = x 𝜋𝑟2
360
30 22
= x x 7x 7
360 7
11x 7
=
6
77
= cm2
6
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
 Area of shaded region = area of sector OAB - area of sector OCD
231 77
= − 6
2
693 77
= −
6 6
616
=
6
308
= cm2
3
∴ Area of shaded region = 102.6 cm2
3) In a circle of radius 21cm an arc AC subtends an angle 600 at the centre as
shown, then find PREP-2022
i) the length of the arc AC
ii) area of the sector OAC
Ans : Radius of the circle = r = 21cm O
Angle = θ = 600 600
ϴ
i) Length of an arc = 360
x 2 𝜋𝑟 A C
60
Length of arc AC = x 2 x 22 x 21
360 7
1
= x2x22x3 = 22cm
6
θ 2
ii) Area of the sector = x 𝜋𝑟
360
60 22
Area of the sector OAC = x x 21x 21
360 7
1
= 6
x 22 x 3x 21
Area of the sector OAC = 231 cm2
4) In the figure AXB and CYD are the arcs of two concentric circles with
centre O. The length of the arc AXB is 11 cm. If OC = 7 cm and ∟AOB = 300,
then find the area of the shaded region. [ Take π= 𝟐𝟐 ] 4-March-2022
𝟕
11cm
X
A B

C Y D
7cm 300

O
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
Ans : Length of an arc = 11 cm
θ
Length of an arc = x 2π r
360 0
30
11 = x 2x 22 x r
360 0 7
1
11 = 12
x 2x 22
7
xr
11x12x7 = 2x22x r
r = 11x12
2x22
r = 21 cm
θ
Area of sector OAXB = A1 = 360 0
x π r2
30 22
= 360 0 x x 212
7
1 22
= x x 21x213
12 7
231
= cm2
2
θ
Area of sector OCYD = A 2 = 360 0
x π r2
30 22
= x x 72
360 0 7
1 22
= x x 7x 7
12 7
77
A2 = cm2
6
Area of shaded region = A1 - A2
= 231 - 77
2 6
693–7
=
6
616
= cm2
6
308
= cm2
3
Area of shaded region = 102.66 cm2

5) In the figure, the length of the arc AB of the circle with centre 'O' is. 11cm.
If OP = 4cm then find the area of the shaded region. Model-QP : 2023
Ans : Length of the arc AB = 11cm A
θ
x 2πr = 11 P
360
90 22
x 2x xr = 11 O B
360 7
1 44
x xr = 11
4 7
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
 r = 11x7x
44
r = 7cm
θ
Area of the sector AOB = 360
x π𝑟2
90
= x 22 x72
360 7
1
= 4
x 22 x7
= 38.5cm2
1
Area of ∆POB = 2
x base x height
1
= 2
x 7x4
= 14cm 2
Area of shaded region = Area of sector AOB – Area of ∆POB
= 38.5 – 14
Area of shaded region = 24.5 cm2

6) In the figure, OAPB is a quadrant of a circle and OAP is a sector. If

∟AOP = 300, and the area of the shaded region is 462cm2, then find the
length of the arc PB. PREP-2023
A
P

300

O B
Ans. : Area of shaded region = 462cm2, θ = 300
θ
Area of a sector = x 𝜋𝑟2
360
30 2
x 𝜋𝑟 = 462
360
1 22
x x 𝑟2 = 462
12 7
2 462 x 7 x 12
𝑟 = = 21x7x12
22
𝑟2= 7x3x7x2x2x3
r = 7x3x2 = 42cm
Length of arc PB = ? here θ = 90 – 30 = 600
ϴ
Length of arc = 360
x 2 𝜋𝑟

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 60
Length of arc PB = x 2 x 22 x 42
360 7
1
= 6x 2 x 22 x 6
Length of arc PB = 44 cm

7) In the given figure, ‘O’ is the centre of a circle and

OAB is an equilateral triangle. P and Q are the
mid-points of OA and OB respectively. If the area of
O
∆ OAB is 36√𝟑 cm2, then find the area of the shaded
region. April-2023 P Q
Ans : Area of an equilateral triangle = 36√3 cm2
√3
Area of an equilateral triangle = a2 A B
4
√3
a2 = 36√3
4
a2 = 36 x4
a2 = 144
a = 12cm
∴ Each side of an equilateral triangle = 12cm
Radius of the circle = r = 6cm
Angle of an equilateral triangle = 600
Area shaded region = Area of circle – Area of sector POQ
Area shaded region = πr2 - θ
x πr2
360 0
= π x 6x6 - 360
60
0 x π x 6x6
1
= 36 π - 6 x π x 6x6
= 36 π - 6 π
= 30 π
= 30 x 3.14
Area shaded region = 94.2 cm2
8) In the figure, area of the sector OAB is 231 cm 2 and length of the arc AB is
22cm, then find the radius of the sector. June-2023

A B
2
231cm

O
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
Ans. : Area of sector OAB = 231 cm2
θ
x πr2 = 231 cm2 ----- (1)
360 0
Length of the arc AB = 22 cm
θ
0
x 2πr = 22 cm ----- (2)
360
Equation (1) ÷ Equation (2)
θ
x ஠r2 231
360
θ
=
x 2 ஠r 22
360
r 21
=
2 2
r = 21 cm
∴ Radius of sector = 21cm

9) In the figure area of sector AOBPA of radius ‘r’ is 231 cm2 and the length of
the arc APB is 22 cm. Find the radius of the sector and angle θ. APRIL : 2024
P
22 cm
A B

r r

O
θ
Ans. : Length of an arc of an angle θ = × 2πr
360
θ
360
× 2πr = 22
θ 22
× πr =
360 2
θ
∴ × πr = 11 .............(1)
360
θ
Area of the sector of angle θ = × πr2
360
θ
∴ x πr x r = 231 [ From (1) ]
360
∴ 11r = 231
r = 231
11
r = 21 cm
θ
Substitute r = 21cm in eqn(1) × πr = 11, we get
360

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 θ
× 22 x 21 = 11
360 7
𝜃 = 11 x 360
22x 3
θ = 600
10) In the given figure ‘O’ is the centre of the circle of radius 7 cm. If the
length of the arc APB is 𝟐𝟐 cm, then find the area of shaded region. [ Take π= 22]
𝟑 7
θ
Ans. : Length of the arc of a sector angle θ = × 2πr JUNE-2024
360
22 θ
= × 2x22 x7
3 360 7
1 θ
= x2 O
3 360
θ = 180 7 cm
3
∴ θ = 60° A B
Area of circle A1 = π r 2
P
= 22x72
7
22
= 7
x7x7
= 22 x7
A1 = 154 cm2
θ
Area of the sector of angle θ = × πr2
360
60 22
A2 = × x7x7
360 7
1
A2 = x22x7 = 25.66 cm 2
6
Required area = A1 – A2 = 154 – 25.66 = 128·34 cm2

11) The perimeter of a quadrant of a circle with centre ‘O’ is 25 cm. Find the
area of the shaded region. Exam-3:2024
Ans. :
θ
Length of the arc of a sector of angle θ = 360 × 2πr A
90
= × 2πr
360
1
= πr P
2
Perimeter of the sector OABO = 25 cm
1
πr + r + r = 25 cm
2
1 22
x x r + 2r = 25
2 7
11
r + 2r = 25 O B
7
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
 11r+14r
= 25
7
25 r
= 25
7
r = 25 x 7
25
r = 7 cm
Area of shaded region = Area of sector – area of ∆OAB
= x πr2 - b x h
1 1
4 2
1 22
= x x 72 - 1 x7 x 7
4 7 2
1 22
= x x 7x7 - 1 x7 x 7
4 7 2
77 49
= -
2 2
28
=
2
Area of shaded region = 14 cm 2

12) In the figure, diameters AB and CD intersect at ‘O’. If length of the arc
BC = 22 cm and ∟AOD = 600, then find the area of the sector AOC.
Ans. : ∟BOC = 600 [ vertically opposite angles ] Exam-3:2024
Length of the arc BC = 22 cm
Length of the arc of a sector of D A
θ
angle θ = × 2πr
360
60
× 2x22x r = 22 600
360 7
22
r = 22 O
21
r = 22x21
22
r = 21 cm B C
AOB is diameter
∴ ∟BOD = 1800 – 600 = 1200
θ
Area of the sector of angle θ = × πr2
360

Area of shaded region = Area of the sector AOCA

120 22
= × x21x21
360 7
1
= x22x3x21
3
= 462 cm2
Area of the shaded region = 462 cm2

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 UNIT.12 : SURFACE AREA AND VOLUMES
IMPORTANT FORMULAE :

Name of the
L.S.A. L.S.A. Volume
Solid
V = lbh
Cuboid A = 2h(l + b) A = 2(lb+bh+hl)
2 2 V = a3
Cube A = 4a A = 6a
V = πr2h
Cylinder A = 2πrh A = 2πr(r+h)
1
V = πr2h
Cone A = πrl A = πr(r+l) 3

4
V = πr3
Sphere A = 4πr2 A = 4πr2 3

2
V = πr3
Hemisphere A = 2πr 2
A = 3πr 2
3

Slant height of cone = l = √ℎ2 + 𝑟 2

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS :

1) The formula to find the lateral surface area of the cone whose radius is (r),
height(h) and slant height is (l) Model : 2019
πr 2h
A) π𝑟l B) 2π(r + l) C) 2𝜋r(𝑟 + h) D)
3
2)The curved surface area of a cylinder of radius ‘r’ cm and height ‘h’ cm is
πr 2h
A) 2πr(r+h)cm2 B) πr2h cm3 cm3 C) D) 2πrh cm2 Model-1: 2021
3
3) The total surface area of a right circular cylinder having radius ‘r’ and
height ‘h’ is
A) πr( r + h ) B) 2πrh C) 2πr(r–h) D) 2πr (r + h) April-2023
4) The formula to find the volume of a solid cylinder having base radius ‘r’ and
height ‘h’ is June-2023
1
A) V = πr2 B) V= πr2h C) V = πrl D) V = πr2h
3
5) The relation between the slant height ‘l’ height ‘h’ and the radius of the
cone ‘r’ is Model-1: 2021

A) l2 = h2 - r2 B) l2 = h2 + r2 C) h2 = l2 + r2 D) l = √ℎ2 − 𝑟 2

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

6) The curved surface area of the solid hemisphere of radius ‘r’ units is PREP-23
A) 4πr2 sq.units B) 3πr2 sq.units C) πr2sq.units D) 2πr2 sq.units
7) Surface area of a sphere of radius ‘r’ unit is March-2022
2 2
A) 𝜋 r sq.units B) 2𝜋r sq.units
2
C) 3𝜋r sq.units D) 4𝜋r2 sq.units
8) Volume of a sphere of radius ‘r’ unit is June-2022
2 2
A) π r cubic units
2
B) π r cubic units
3
3 3
4 4
C) π r cubic units
3
π r2 cubic units.
D)
3 3
9) If two solid hemispheres of same radius are joined together along their
bases. The surface area of this new solid is,
4
A) 4πr2 B) 2πr2 + 2πR C) 2πr2 D) πr3
3
10) A cone is mounted on a hemisphere of radius ‘r’cm. and height of the
cone ‘h’ cm. Then the volume of the solid is PREP-2020
4 1 1 4
A) ( 𝜋𝑟 + 𝜋𝑟 ℎ ) 𝑐𝑚
3 2 3
B) ( 𝜋𝑟 + 𝜋𝑟 ℎ ) 𝑐𝑚
3 2 3
3 3 3 3
3 2 2 1
C) ( 𝜋𝑟 + 𝜋𝑟 ℎ ) 𝑐𝑚
3 2 3
D) ( 𝜋𝑟 + 3
) 𝑐𝑚3 𝜋𝑟2ℎ
4 3 3 3
11) The solid is in the shape of a cylinder with two hemispheres stuck to each
of its ends asshown in the figure.The radius of the cylinder and hemispheres
are equal to ‘r’ cm, if the height of the cylinder is ‘h’ cm. The volume of the
solid is Model-2: 2021
4r
A) πr( + h) cm3
3
2 2r
B) πr ( + h) cm3
3
2 4r
C) πr ( + h) cm3
3
3 4r
D) πr ( 3
+ h) cm3
12) The volume of a cone as shown in the figure is JULY : 2021
A) 𝜋r2ℎ h l
B) 𝜋r ( r +l)
1
C) 3 𝜋r2ℎ r
D) 𝜋rl

13) The total surface area of the solid given in the figure is Model-QP:2023

A) A = πrl cm2
B) A = 2πrh cm2 ‘h’cm
C) A = πr(r+l) cm2 ‘l’cm
D) A = πr2l cm2 ‘r’cm

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

14) The formula to find the total surface area of a right circular based
cylindrical vessel of base radius r cm and height h cm opened at one end is
𝟏
A) (𝜋r2 + 2𝜋rh ) cm2 B) 2𝜋rh cm2 C) 𝜋r2ℎ cm3 D) (𝜋r2 + h ) cm2
𝟑
15) The volume and the surface area of a sphere is numerically equal, then
the radius of the sphere is Model-5: 2021
A) 3 units B) 2 units C) 2.5 units D) 6 units
16) A cylinder made of wax is melted and recast completely in to a sphere.
Then the volume of the sphere is JULY-2021
A) two times the volume of the cylinder
B) half the volume of the cylinder
C) 3 times the volume of the cylinder
D) equal to the volume of the cylinder
17) The circumference of a cylinder is 44cm and height is 10cm. Then its
curved surface area is PREP-2019
2 2 2 2
A) 120cm B) 440cm C) 110cm D) 220cm
18) If the area of the circular base of a cylinder is 22 cm2 and its height is
10 cm, then the volume of the cylinder is JUNE-2020
2 3 3 2
A) 2200 𝑐𝑚 B) 2200 𝑐𝑚 C) 220 𝑐𝑚 D) 220 𝑐𝑚
19) The base radius and height of a right circular cylinder and a right circular
cone are equal and if the volume of the cylinder is 360 cm3 , then the
volume of cone is Sept ∶ 2020
3 3 3 3
A) 120 𝑐𝑚 B) 180 𝑐𝑚 C) 90 𝑐𝑚 D) 360 𝑐𝑚
3
20) The volume of a cylinder is 300 m then the volume of a cone having the
same radius and height as that of the cylinder is : Model-1: 2021
3 3 3 3
A) 900 m B) 600 m C) 150 m D) 100 m
21) The perimeter of the base of a right circular cylinder is 44cm and its
height is 10cm then its volume is Model-1: 2021
A) 490 π cm 3
B) 440 π cm 3
C) 374 π cm 3
D) 980 π cm 3

22) The height and the radius of the base of a cone are 12cm and 5cm
respectively. Then the slant height of the cone is Model-2: 2021
A) 12 cm B) 10 cm C) 13 cm D) 8 cm
23) The surface area of a sphere of radius 7 cm is. Sept ∶ 2020 & Model-1: 2021
A) 154 cm2 B) 308 cm2 C) 616 cm2 D) 770 cm2
24) The surface area of a sphere is 616 sq.cm. The surface area of its
hemisphere is Model-1: 2021
2 2 2 2
A) 205.6 cm B) 308 cm C) 462 cm D) 38 cm
25) The surface area of a sphere is 616 sq.cm. Then the radius of the same
sphere is JULY-2021
A) 49 cm B)14 cm C) 21 cm D) 7 cm

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

26) The total surface area of solid hemisphere is 462 cm2 . If the curved
surface area of it is 308 cm2 , then the area of the base of the hemisphere is
A) 308 cm2 B) 231 cm2 C)154 cm2 D) 1078 cm2 JULY : 2021
27) If the slant height and radius of a cone are 7cm and 2cm respectively, then
the Curved (Lateral) Surface Area of the Cone is,
A) 56.57 cm2 B) 44 cm2 C) 88 cm2 D) 33 cm2
28) The volume of a cone having radius ‘r’ and height ‘h’ is Model-QP:2024
2 1
A) π r2 h B) 2 πrh C) π r2 h D) π r2 h
3 3
29) The volume of a sphere of radius ‘r’ unit is PREP-2024
2 4
A) πr3 Cubic units B) πr3Cubic units
3 3
3 3
C) πr3Cubic units D) πr3Cubic units
2 4
30) The volume of a cube of edge 5 cm is JUNE-2024
A) 15 cm3 B) 30 cm3 C) 100 cm3 D) 125 cm3

Answers : 1.A, 2.D, 3.D, 4.B, 5.B, 6.D, 7.D, 8.C, 9.A, 10.D, 11.C, 12.C, 13.C, 14.A, 15.A,
16.D, 17.B, 18.C, 19.A, 20.D, 21.B, 22.C, 23.C, 24.C, 25.D, 26.C, 27.B, 28.B,
29.B, 30.D
ONE MARK QUESTIONS :
1) Write the formula to calculate the total surface area of the cone whose
radius is ‘r’ units and slant height is ‘l’ units. June-2020
Ans: πr(𝑟+l)
2) Write the formula to find the total suface area of a right cylinder ?
Ans: Total suface area of a right cylinder = A = 2π r(r+h) Model-2-2021& PREP-2023
3) Write the formula to find the volume of a sphere having radius ‘r’ units.
Ans.: Volume of a sphere = V = πr3 cubic units
4
Model-2-2021 & Exam-3:2024
3
4) Write the mathematical relation between slant height (l) height (h) and
radius (r) of a cone ? Model-2-2021
2 2 2
Ans : l = r + h
5) Write the formula to find the volume of a cone. MODEL-2022
1
Ans : Volume of a cone = 3 𝜋 r2ℎ cubic units.
6) Write the formula to find the total surface area of a solid hemisphere of
radius ‘r’ units. JUNE-2024
2
Ans. : Total surface area of a solid hemisphere = 3π r square units

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

7) Write the formula to find the surface area of sphere whose radius is ‘r’
units PREP-2019, PREP-2022 & June-2023
2
Ans : Surface area of a sphere = 4𝜋r square units.
8) Find the surface area of a sphere of radius 7cm. MODEL-2022

Ans : Surface area of a sphere = 4𝜋 r2 = 4x22

7
x7x7 = 616 cm2
9) In the given figure, write the formula used to find the curved surface area
of the cone. March-2022

l
h

A O r B
Ans. : Curved surface area of cone = πrl sq units
10) Find the length of the side of a cube whose volume is 64 cm 3. PREP-2022

Ans : Volume of a cube = a3

a3 = 64
a = 3√64
∴ length of the side of a cube = a = 4 cm
11) The dimensions of cubiodal shape iron ball is 10cm X 5cm X 2cm.
Find its volume. Model : 2019
3
Ans : Volume of a cubiod = lxbxh = 10cmX5cmX2cm = 100cm
12) The radius of the base and slant height of a cone is 21cm and 35cm
respectively, then find the height of the cone. Model : 2019
Ans : Radius of the cone = r = 21 cm
Slant height of cone = l = 35 cm., Height of the cone = h = ?
By Pythagoras theorem, r2 + h2 = l2
h2 = l2 - r2
h2 = 352- 212
h2 = 1225 - 441
h2 = 784
h = 28 cm. Height of the cone = 28 cm.
13) The radius of the base and the height of a cylinder and a cone are same. If
the volume of the cylinder is 27 cubic units, then find the volume of cone.
1
Ans. : Volume of cone = volume of cylinder APRIL : 2024
3
1
= × 27 = 9 Cubic Units
3
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
 TWO MARKS QUESTIONS :
1) Volume of a cube is 64𝑐𝑚3. Find the total surface area of the cube. Model-II-20
Ans : Volume of a cube =V= a3 = 643 𝑐𝑚3
√64 cm
3
a= 64𝑐𝑚3
Length of the side = a = 4 cm
Total surface area of cube = 6a2 = 6x 42 = 6x16
2
∴ Total surface area of cube = 96 cm

2) The faces of two cubes of volume 64cm3 each are joined together to form a
cuboid. Find the total surface area of the cuboid. June-2019
Ans : Volume of cube =V= 64 𝑐𝑚3
Length of side = a = 4cm 4
Length of the cuboid = l = 4+4=8cm 4 64𝑐𝑚3 64𝑐𝑚3
Breadth of the cuboid = b = 4cm 4 4
Height of the cuboid = h = 4cm
Total surface area of cuboid = 2(lb + bh + hl)
= 2(8x4 + 4x4 +8x4)
= 2(32 + 16 +32)
= 2x80
Total surface area of cuboid = 160 cm2
3) A metallic sphere of radius 9 cm is melted and recast into the shape of a
cylinder of radius 6 cm. Find the height of the cylinder. June-2019
Ans : Radius of the metallic sphere = 9 cm, cylinder of radius = 6 cm.
Volume of the sphere = Volume of the cylinder
x πr3 = 𝜋R2ℎ
4
3
4
x 93 = 62ℎ
3
4x243 = 36h
h = 27 cm.
4) The circumference of the base of a cylinder is 132cm and its height is 25cm.
Find the volume of the cylinder? 2-MODEL-2021
Ans : Perimeter of the base of a cylinder = 132cm,
Height = h = 25cm h=25cm
Perimeter of the circular base = 2πr = 132cm

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 πr = 66
7
r = 66 x
22
r = 21 cm
Volume of a cylinder =V = πr2h
V = 22x212x25
7
22
V= x21x21x25
= 22x21x3x25
7
V = 34,650 cm3
5) The curved surface area of a right circular cylinder is 440cm2 and radius of
the base is 7 cm. Find the volume of the cylinder. Model-II-2020
Ans : C.S.A of cylinder = 440cm2
C.S.A of cylinder = A = 2πrh = 440cm2
22
2x x7xh = 440
7
44h = 440
h = 10 cm
Volume of cylinder = 𝜋r2ℎ 7cm
= 22
7
x72x10
= 22x7x10
Volume of cylinder = 1,540cm3

6) A copper rod of diameter 1 cm and length 8 cm is drawn into a wire of

length 18 m of uniform thickness. Find the thickness of the wire. Model : 2019
Ans :Volume of cylinder = 𝜋r2ℎ
𝜋r12ℎ1 = 𝜋r22ℎ2 8cm
r12ℎ1 = r22ℎ2
(0.5)2x8 = r22x(18x100)
0.25x8 = r22x1800
2 = r22x1800
2
r22 = 1800
1
r22 =
900
1
r2 = cm
30
1
Thickness of the wire = Diameter of the wire = 2x cm
30
𝟏
∴ Thickness of the wire = 𝟏𝟓
cm

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 THREE MARKS QUESTIONS :
1) A right circular metalic cone of height 20cm and base radius 5cm is melted
and recast into a solid sphere. Find the radius of the sphere. MODEL-1
Ans : Radius of the cone = r = 5cm
Height of the cone = h = 20cm
Radius of solid sphere = R = ?
Volume of the sphere = Volume of the cone
4
πR3 = 1 πr2h
3 3
3 2
4R = r h
4R3 = 52x20
R3 = 52x5
R = 5 cm
∴ Radius of solid sphere = R = 5 cm

2) A solid sphere of radius 3cm is melted and reformed by stretching it into a

cylindrical shaped wire of length 9m. Find the radius of the wire. MODEL-1
Ans :
Radius of solid sphere = R = 3cm
Height of the cylinder = h = 9m = 900cm
Radius of the cylinder = r = ?
Volume of the cylinder = Volume of the sphere
πr2h = 4 πR3
3
4
r2h = R3
3
r x900 = 4
2
x33
3
r2x900 = 4 x32
r2 = 4x9
900
4
r2 =
100
4
r = √ 100
2
r = 10 =0.2cm
∴ Radius of the wire = 0.2cm

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

3) A Toy is in the form of a hemisphere surmounted on a
cylinder of height 10cm as shown in the figure. If the radius
of the cylinder is 3.5cm find the volume of the toy. h= 10cm
Ans : Height of the cylinder = h = 10cm MODEL-2022
Radius = r = 3.5 cm
Volume of the toy = volume of cylinder + volume of hemisphere
= πr2h + 2 πr3
3
= x3.5 x10 + 2x22x3.53
22 2
7 3 7
22 2 22
= x3.5x3.5x10 + x x3.5x3.5x3.5
7 3 7
1
= 22x3.5x5 + x22x3.5x3.5
3
1
= 77x5 + 3x77x3.5
= 385 + 89.83
Volume of the toy = 474.83 cm3
4) A tent is in the shape of a cylinder surrounded by a conical top as shown in
the figure. The height and radius of the cylindrical part are 2.1m and 2m
respectively. Also slant height of the cone is 2.8m. Find the area of the
canvas used for making the tent. PREP-2022
Ans : Height of the cylinder = h = 2.1 m
Radius = r = 2 m 2.8m
Slant height of the cone = l = 2.8 m
Area of the canvas = C.S.A. of cylinder + C.S.A. of cone 2m
= 2πrh + πrl
= πr(2h + l) 2.1 m
= 22x2(2x 2.1 + 2.8)
7
22
= x2(4.2 + 2.8)
7
22
= x2x7
7
∴ Area of the canvas = 44 m 2
5) The volume of a solid right circular cylinder is 2156 cm of the cylinder is
14 cm, then find its curved surface area. [ Take π = 𝟐𝟐 ] March-2022
𝟕
Ans : V = 2156 cm3
h = 14 cm
r=?
Curved Surface Area = ?
Volume of cylinder = πr2h
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
 2156 = 22 x r2x14 2
7
2156 = 22x r2 x2
r2 = 2156
44
2
r = 49
r = √49
r = 7 cm
Curved Surface Area of cylinder = 2πrh
= 2x22
7
x 7x 14
= 2x22x14
= 616 cm2
FOUR MARKS QUESTIONS :
1) The bottom of a right cylindrical shaped
vessel made from metallic sheet is closed by a
cone shaped vessel as shown in the figure. The
radius of the circular base of the cylinder and
radius of the circular base of the cone each is
equal to 7 cm. If the height of the cylinder is
20 cm and height of cone is 3 cm, calculate the
cost of milk to fill completely this vessel at the rate of Rs. 20 per litre.
Ans : Radius of cylinder = 7cm April-2019
Height of cylinder = 20cm
Radius of cone = 7cm
Height of cone = 3cm
Rate of one litre milk = Rs.20
Volume of cylinder =V = πr2h
V = 22x72x20
7
V = 22x7x7x20 = 22x7x20
7
Volume of cylinder = V = 3080 cm3
Volume of cone = V = 1
πr2h
3
1 22
= x x72x3
3 7
1 22
= 3x 7 x7x7x3
= 22x7
Volume of cone = 154 cm3
Volume of vessel = Volume of cylinder - Volume of cone
Volume of vessel = 3080 - 154
Volume of vessel = 2926 cm3

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 1,000 cm3 = 1 litre
2926
∴ 2926 cm3 = = 2.926 litre
1000
∴ Cost of milk to fill this vessel at the rate of Rs.20 per litre = 2.926x 20
= Rs. 58.52
2) A hemispherical vessel of radius 14 cm is fully filled with sand. This sand is
poured on a level ground. The heap of sand forms a cone shape of height
7 cm. Calculate the area of ground occupied by the circular base of the
heap of the sand. April-2019
Ans. : Radius of hemisphere = r = 14 cm
Height of cone = h = 7cm
Volume of the hemisphere = 2πr3
3
πr2h
1
Volume of the cone =
3
Radius of cone = R = ?
Volume of the hemisphere = Volume of the cone
πr3 = 1 πR2h
2
3 3
2 x (14)3 = R2x7
R2 = 2x14x14x14
7
2
R = 2x14x14x2
R = √2𝑥2𝑥14𝑥14
R = 2x14
R = 28cm
∴ The area occupied by the circular base of the heap of the sand on the ground = πr2
22
= 7
x 282
22
= 7
x 28x28
Area = 2464 cm2
3) A milk tank is in the shape of a cylinder with hemispheres of same radii
attached to both ends of it as shown in figure. If the total height of the tank is
6 m and the radius is 1 m, calculate the maximum quantity of milk filled in
the tank in litres. ( π = 227 ) JUNE-2019
Ans : Radius of the hemisphere = r = 1m.
Total height of the tank = 6m
∴ Height of the cylinder = h = (6-2) = 4m.
Volume of = Volume of + Volume of + Volume of
Milk tank hemisphere cylinder hemisphere
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
 2
πr3 + πr2h + πr3
2
Volume of milk tank = Radius =1m
3
4 3
Volume of milk tank = πr3 + πr2h
3
Volume of milk tank = πr2( r + h)
4
3
22 4
= x12( x1 + 4) 6m
7 3
22 16
= 7
( 3)
Volume of milk tank = 16.762m3
1m3 = 1,000 litre.
∴ Quantity of milk filled in the tank in litres = 16.762x1,000 = 16,762litres
4) A medicine capsule is in the shape of a cylinder with hemispheres stuck to
each of its ends. The length of the entire capsule is 14 mm and the diameter of
the capsule is 5 mm. Find its surface area. Sept ∶ 2020

5mm.

14mm
Ans :Diameter of hemisphere = 5 mm. ∴ Radius = r = 2.5mm.
Length of entire capsule = 14mm.
∴ Height of cylinder = h = (14-5) = 9mm.
Surface Area = Surface Area + Lateral Surface + Surface Area
of capsule of hemisphere Area of cylinder of hemisphere
Surface area of = 2πr + 2πrh +2πr
2 2

the capsule = 4πr2 + 2πrh

= 2πr(2r + h)
22
= 2x 7 x2.5(2x2.5 + 9)
22
= 2x 7 x2.5x14
= 2x22x2.5x2
∴ Surface area of the capsule = 220 Sq.m.m.
5) A toy is made in the shape of a cylinder with one hemisphere stuck to one
end and a cone to the other end, as shown in the figure, the length of the
cylindrical part of the toy is 20cm and its diameter is 10cm. If the slant
Model-1
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-205
 Ans : The length of the cylindrical part = h = 20cm
The diameter of the cylindrical part =10cm, Radius = r = 5cm
The slant height of the conical part = l = 13cm
Surface area = Curved surface area + Curved surface area + Curved surface area
of the toy of hemisphere of cylinder of cone
= 2πr + 2πrh + πrl
2

= πr ( 2r + 2h + l)
22
= 7
x 5(2x5+2x20+13)
22
= 7 x 5(10+40+13)
22
= 7 x 5(63)
∴ Surface area of the toy = 990cm2
6) A toy is in the form of a cone mounted on a hemisphere with the some
radius is as shown in the figure. If the diameter of the conical portion is 6cm
and its height is 4cm, then find the surface area of the toy. Model-2
Ans : Diameter of the conical portion = 6cm ,
Radius = r = 3cm, Height = h = 4cm
Slant height of the cone = l = √ℎ2 + 𝑟 2
l = √42 + 32
l = √16 + 9
l = √25
Slant height of the cone = l = 5cm
Surface area = Curved surface area + Curved surface area
of the toy of hemisphere of cone
= 2πr2 + πrl
= πr (2r + l)
= 3.14x3( 2x3 + 5)
= 3.14x3x11

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-206

 7) Sand is filled in a cylindrical vessel of height 32 cm and radius of its base is
18 cm. This sand is completely poured on the level ground to form a conical
shaped heap of sand. If the height of the conical heap is 24 cm. Find the base
radius and slant height of the conical heap. June-2022
Ans. : Height of the cylinder = h1 = 32 cm
Radius of the cylinder = r1 = 18 cm
Height of the conical shaped heap = h2 = 24 cm
Radius of the conical shaped heap = r2 = ?
Slant height of the conical shaped heap = l = ?
Volume of the cylinder = Volume of the conical shaped
heap
1
𝜋r12ℎ 1 = 𝜋r 22ℎ 2
3
1 2
r12ℎ 1
= r2 ℎ 2
3
1
182x32 = r 22x24
3
2 18x18x32
r2 =
8
r22
= 18x18x2x2
r2 = 18x2 = 36 cm
Radius of the conical shaped heap = r2 = 36 cm
Slant height = l = √ 𝑟 2 + ℎ2
= √362 + 242
= √1296 + 576
Slant height = l = √1872 = 12√𝟏𝟑 cm

8) A toy is in the form of a cone of radius 21 cm,

mounted on a hemisphere of same radius, as
shown in the figure. The total height of the toy is
49 cm. Find the surface area of the toy. June-2022
Ans. : Radius of cone = Radius of hemisphere = r = 21 cm
Total height of the toy = 49 cm
Height of the cone = ( 49 – 21 ) cm = h = 28 cm
Slant height of the cone = l = √𝑟 2 + ℎ2
= √212 + 282
= √441 + 784
Slant height = l = √1225 = 35 cm
Total surface area of the toy = Curved surface + Curved surface
area of the cone area of the hemisphere
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769 Page-207
 = π r l + 2 πr2
= π r (l + 2 r)
22
= 7 x 21 (35 + 2 x 21)
= 22 x 3 (35 + 42)
= 66 x 77
Total surface area of the toy is 5082 cm2 .

9) A social Welfare Association decides to supply drinking water for the

flood affected people. The drinking water is filled in a water tanker which is
in the shape of a cylinder with hemispherical end as shown in the figure.
The whole length of the tanker is 4.2 metre and the diameter of base of the
cylinder and two hemispheres are each 1.2 m. If they distribute drinking
water to 60 people in a container, each is in the shape of a cylinder of radius
21 cm and height 50cm, find the quantity of water left in the tanker
𝟐𝟐
after distribution in litre. (𝜋 = ) 5-PREP-2020
𝟕

1.2m

4.2m.
Ans : Diameter of hemisphere = 1.2m. , Radius = r = 0.6m.
The whole length of the tanker = 4.2m
∴ Height of the cylinder = h = (4.2-1.2) = 3m
Volume of = Volume of + Volume of + Volume of
tanker hemisphere cylinder hemisphere
2 2
Volume of water tanker = πr3 + πr2h + πr3
43 3
Volume of water tanker = πr + πr h
3 2
3
Volume of water tanker = πr2( r + h)
4
3
22 4
= x(0.6) 2( x0.6 + 3)
7 3
22
= 7
x0.36x3.8
Volume of water tanker = 4.299m3
1m3= 1,000 litre.
∴ Quantity of water in the tanker = 4.299x1,000 = 4299litre.
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
Volume of 60 cylindrical containers = 60 𝜋𝑟2ℎ
= 60 x 22
7
x 21 x 21 x 50
= 60 x 22 x 63 x 50
Volume of 60 cylindrical containers = 41,58,000 cm3
3
1 Litre = 1000 cm
4158000
41,58,000 cm3 = = 4158 Litre
1000
Quantity of water left in the tanker
after distribution = 4,299 – 4,158 = 141 Litre

10) A solid is in the shape of a cone placed on the cylinder as shown in the
figure. The radii of both the cylinder and the cone are equal to 5 cm. If the
height of the cylinder is 11 cm and the total height of the solid is 23 cm, then
find the curved surface area and volume of the solid. JUNE-2024
V

A B
23 cm
11cm

C 5 cm D
Ans. :
Height of cone = hcone = (23 −11) =12 cm
Radius of cone = r = 5 cm
Height of cylinder = hcyl = 11 cm
Slant height = l = √ℎ2 + 𝑟 2
l = √122 + 52
l = √144 + 25
l = √169
l = 13 cm
CSA of given solid = CSA of cone + CSA of cyinder
= π r l + 2 πr h
= π r (l + 2 h)
S3
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
 = π x5 (13 + 2 x 11)
22
= 7
x5 x 35
CSA of given solid = 550 cm2
Volume of given solid = Volume of cone + Volume of cyinder
= 1 πr2 hcone + πr2 hcyl
3
= πr2 [ 1 hcone + hcyl ]
3
22 1
= x 52 [ x12 + 11]
7 3
22
= x 25 [4+ 11]
7
8250 3
= cm
7
Volume of given solid = 1178.57 cm3
FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS :
1) A metal memento has to be prepared by placing a solid sphere on a solid
cylinder as shown in the figure. Find quantity of the metal required to prepare
this memento, such that the radius of the cylinder is 6cm and its height is 14cm
and the radius of the sphere is 2.1cm. And also calculate the cost of painting the
surface of the sphere with golden colour at the rate of 10 paise per cm2 .
Model-QP : 2023

14cm

6cm
Ans :
Height of the cylinder = h = 14 cm
Radius of the cylinder = r = 6 cm
Radius of the sphere = R = 2.1cm
Volume of the momento = Volume of cylinder + Volume of sphere
= πr2h + πR3
4
3

= 22x62x14 + 4x22x2.13
7 3 7
4 22
= 22x36x2 + x x2.1x2.1x2.1
3 7

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 = 22x36x2+ 4x22x0.7x0.3x2.1
= 1584 + 38.808
Volume of the momento = 1622.808 cm3
Quantity of the metal required to prepare this memento = 1622.808 cm3
Surface area of the sphere = 4πR2
= 4x22 x 2.12
7
22
= 4x 7 x 2.1x 2.1
= 4x22 x 0.3 x 2.1
= 55.44 cm2
Cost of painting the surface of the sphere with golden colour at the rate of 10 paise
per cm2 = 55.44x 10 = 554.4 paise = Rs. 5.54
2) A wooden solid toy is made by mounting a cone on the circular base of a
hemisphere as shown in the figure. If the area of base of the cone is 38·5 cm2
and the total height of the toy is 15·5 cm, then find the total surface area and
volume of the toy. April-2023
A

15.5 cm

B O C

Ans. : Area of the base of the cone = 38·5 cm2

Area of the circle = πr2
πr2 = 38.5
22
x r2 = 38.5
7
7
r2 = 38.5 x
22
2 269.5
r =
22
2
r = 12.25
r = 3.5 cm
Radius of the cone = r = 3.5 cm
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
 Height of the cone =h = 15.5 – 3.5 = 12 cm
Slant height = l = √𝑟2 + ℎ2
l = √3.52 + 122
l = √12.25 + 144
l = √156.25
l = 12.5 cm
Radius of the Hemisphere = R = 3.5 cm
T. S. A of the toy = C.S.A. of cone + C.S.A of hemisphere
= π r l + 2 πR2
= πx 3.5x 12.5 + 2 πx 3.5 x 3.5
= 43.75 π+ 24.5 π
= 68.25 π
= 68.25x 3.14 = 214.305 cm2
Volume of the toy = Volume of cone + volume of hemisphere
= x πr2h + πR3
1 2
3 3

= 1 x 22x 3.52 x12 + 2x22x 3.53

3 7 3 7
1 22
= x x 3.5x3.5 (12 + 2x 3.5)
3 7

= 1 x 22 x12.25x19
3 7

Volume of the toy = 243.83 cm3

3) A test tube is made up of a cylinder and a hemisphere as shown in the figure.
If the diameter of the hemisphere is 3·5 cm and the total height of the test tube
is 17·5 cm, then find the curved surface area of the test tube and the quantity of
the solution that could be completely filled in the hemispherical part. Model:2024

3.5cm

17.5 cm

Ans.: Diameter of hemisphere = 3.5 cm. , Radius = r = 1.75 cm.

The total height of the test tube = 17·5 cm
Length of the cylinder = h = 17.5 – 1.75 = 15.75 cm

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 Curved surface area of the test tube = C.S.A. of cylinder + C.S.A. of hemisphere
= 2π r h + 2 πr2
= 2π r ( h + r)
22
= 2x x 1.75(15.75 + 1.75)
7
22
= 2x 7
x 1.75x 17.5
= 2x22x1.75x2.5
Curved surface area of the test tube = 192.5 cm2
Volume of the test tube = Volume of cylinder + Volume of hemisphere
2
= 𝜋r2ℎ + 𝜋r3
3
2
= 𝜋r2 (ℎ + r)
3
22 2
= x(1.75)2(15.75 + x1.75)
7 3
22 3.5
= 7
x1.75x1.75(15.75 + )
3
= 22x0.25(15.75 +1.166)
= 5.5x 16.91
Volume of the test tube = 93.05 cm3

4) A wooden solid is made by mounting a right circular cone on a circular base

of a cylinder as shown in the figure. If the height of the solid is 45cm, height of
the cone is 15cm and diameter of the circular base of cylinder is 16cm, then find
the total surface area and volume of the wooden solid. PREP-2024

15 cm

45cm

16cm
Ans. : Height of the cone = h = 15 cm
Height of the cylinder = H = 45 – 15 = 30 cm
Diameter of its circular ends = 16 cm
Radius = r = 8 cm
Slant height = l = √h2 + r2
l = √152 + 82
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
 l = √225 + 64
l = √289
l = 17 cm
T.S.A. of wooden solid = L.S.A. of cone + L.S.A. of cylinder + Area of circular base
= πrl + 2πrH + πr2
= πr (l + 2H+ r)
= πr ( 17 + 2x30 + 8)
= 22
7
x8x85
T.S.A. of wooden solid = 2137.14 cm2
Volume of wooden solid = V = Volume of cone + Volume of cylinder
V = 1 x πr2h + πr2H
3
V = πr2(1h + H)
3
V = πr ( + 30)
2 15
3
V = 22x82x(5+30)
7
22
V= 7
x64x35
V = 22x64x5
V = 7040 cm3
5) The volume of a cylinder is equal to 5 times the volume of a cone. The radius
and slant height of the cone are 7 cm and 25 cm respectively. If the radius of
the circular base of the cylinder is 14 cm, then find the volume and curved
surface area of the cylinder. Exam-3:2024
Ans. :
Slant height of cone = l = 25 cm
Radius of cone = rcone = 7 cm
Radius of the circular base of the cylinder = rcyl = 14 cm
Volume of cylinder = ? , Curved surface area of cylinder = ?
Height of the cone = h = √𝑙2 − 𝑟 2
h = √252 − 72
h = √625 − 49
h = √576
h = 24 cm
Volume of cone = πr2 h
1
3
=1 x22 x7x7x24
3 7

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 = 22x7x8
= 1232 cm3
Volume of cylinder = 5 x volume of cone
= 5 x 1232
= 6160 cm3
Radius of cylinder = 14cm, volume of cylinder = 6160 cm3
Volume of cylinder = πr2 h
6160 = 22
7
x 14x14x h
6160 = 22 x 7x14x h
6160 = 616 x h
h = 6160
616
h = 10 cm
CSA of cyinder = 2 πr h
22
= 2x 7 x14x10
= 2x22x2x10
CSA of given solid = 880 cm2

APPLICATION QUESTIONS :

1. How many cubic metres of earth must be dug out to make a well 28m deep and
2.8m in diameter ? Also, find the cost of plastering its inner surface at Rs. 4.50
per sq. metre. Ans.: 172.48 m3 , Rs.1108.80
2. The radius of a solid right circular cylinder increases by 20% and its height
decreases by 20%. Find the percentage change in this volume. Ans. : 15.2%
3.A heap of wheat is in the form of a cone of diameter 16.8m and height 3.5m.
Find its volume. How much cloth is required to just cover the heap ?
Ans.: 258.72m3 ; 240.24m2
4. A vessel, in the form of an inverted cone, is filled with water to the brim, its
height is 20 cm and diameter is 16.8cm. Two equal solid cones are dropped in it so
that they are fully submerged. As a result, one-third of the water in the original cone
overflows. What is the volume of each of the solid cones submerged ?Ans.246.4cm3
5. Eight metallic spheres; each of radius 2 mm, are melted and cast into a single
sphere. Calculate the radius of the new sphere. Ans. : 4mm.
6. A girl fills a cylindrical bucket 32 cm in height and 18cm in radius with sand.
She empties the bucket on the ground and makes a conical heap of the sand.
If the height of the conical heap is 24cm, find:

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 i) the radius and
ii) the slant height of the heap. Ans. : r = 36cm and l = 43.3cm
7. Water flows through a cylindrical pipe of internal diameter 7cm at 5 metre
per second. Calculate the volume, in litres, of water discharged by the pipe in
one minute. Ans, : 1,155 litres
8. A conical tent is to accommodate 77 persons. Each person must have 16 m3 of air
to breathe. Given the radius of the tent as 7m, find the height of the tent and also
its curved surface area. Ans. : h = 24m C.S.A = 550m2

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 UNIT-13. STATISTICS
Mean : The mean of observations, is the sum of the values of all the observations
divided by the total number of observations.
Ʃf.x
Mean : X = or X = Ʃfi .x i
N Ʃf i
Mode : Mode is that value among the observations which occurs most often i.e. the
value of the observations having the maximum frequency.
f1 – f0
Mode = l + [ ]xh
2 f 1 – f 0 –f 2

Median : Median is the middle-most observation in the data when they are
arranged in ascending or descending order.
n
– c.f.
2
Median : l + [ ]xh
f

3 x Median = Mode + 2 x Mean

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS :

1. The value among the observations of most repeated scores of the data is
A) the mean B) the mode C) the median D) the range JULY-2021
2. The mean of the following scores is

Marks 1 3 5 7

A) 16 B) 5 C) 1.6 D) 4
3. The relation among the Mean, Mode and Median is
JULY-2021 & MODEL-I-2021, MODEL : 2022
A) 3 Median = 2 Mean + Mode B) 3 Mean = 2 Median + Mode
C) Mean = 3 Median + Mode D) Mode = 3 Mean + 2 Median
4. The formula to find the mid-point of the class interval is JULY-2021
A) Upper limit–lower limit Upper limit x lower limit
2
B) 3
𝐔𝐩𝐩𝐞𝐫 𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐢𝐭+ 𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐢𝐭 Upper limit lower limit
C) D)
𝟐 3
5. A student scored 65 marks in I language, 50 marks in Science, 55 marks in
Social Science and some marks in Mathematics. If the average marks scored
by him in all the four subjects is 60, then the marks scored by him in
mathematics is A) 65 B) 60 C) 50 D) 70 MODEL-I-2021

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

6. The average marks scored by a student in a test of 6 subjects is 18. The
sum of the marks scored by him in 5 subjects is 86. Then the marks scored
by him in the sixth subject is MODEL-II
A) 20 B) 21 C) 18 D) 22
7. In the given frequency distribution table the median class is : MODEL-I

Class Interval 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50

Frequency 5 8 12 15 20
A) 10-20 B) 20-30 C) 30-40 D) 0-10
8. The median and mode of a grouped scores are 26 and 29 respectively then
the mean of the score is MODEL-II
A) 27.5 B) 28.4 C) 25.8 D) 24.5
9. In the cummulative frequency distribution table given below, the number of
families having income range of Rs.20000 and Rs.25000 is MODEL-II

Monthly Income Number of families

More than Rs.5000 100
More than Rs.10000 85
More than Rs.15000 69
More than Rs.20000 50
More than Rs.25000 37
More than Rs.30000 15
A) 35 B) 22 C) 13 D) 19

ONE MARK QUESTIONS :

1) Find the mean for the following data. 7, 6, PREP-2019
5, 0, 7, 8, 9
Ans :Sum of the observations = 7+6+0+7+8+9=42
Number of observations = 7
Mean = Su m o f the observations
No.of obser va tions
42
Mean = =6
7
Mean = 6

2) Find the median for the given data : 5, 3, 14, 16, 19 and 20. MODEL-1

Ans : Ascending order : 3, 5, 14,16 , 19, 20

14+1 30
Median = = = 15
2 2

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

3)Find the median of the scores 6, 4, 2, 10 and 7. March-2022
Ans. : Ascending order : 2, 4, 6, 7, 10
Median = 6
4) Find the mode of the following scores : 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 7, 6, 7, 5, 5 June ∶ 2022
Ans. : Mode = 5
5) Median of some data is 40 and mean is 39. Then find the mode. MODEL-2021

Ans : 3xMedian = Mode + 2xMean

3 x 40 = Mode + 2 x 39
120 = Mode + 78
Mode = 120-78
Mode = 42

THREE MARKS QUESTIONS :

1) Calculate the mode for the following data in the distribution table :
Family size 1-3 3-5 5-7 7-9 9-11
No. of families 7 8 2 2 1
Ans : JUNE-2019

Class- Frequency
interval (f)
1-3 7 f0
3-5 8 f1
5-7 2 f2
7-9 2
9-11 1

Modal class : 3-5

l = 3, h = 2, f0 = 7, f1 = 8, f2 = 2
𝐟𝟏 –𝐟𝟎
Mode = l + ( )h
𝟐𝐟𝟏 –𝐟𝟎 –𝐟𝟐
8– 7
=3+( )x2
16– 7– 2
=3+ ( 17 ) x 2
= 3 + 0.28
Mode = 3.28

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

2) Calculate the mode for the following distribution : June- 2019 & MODEL-2019
Class-interval 10-25 25-40 40-55 55-70 70-85 85-100
f 2 3 7 6 6 6
Ans :

Class- Frequency
interval (f)
10-25 2
25-40 3 f0
40-55 7 f1
55-70 6 f2
70-85 6
85-100 6

Modal class : 40-55

l = 40, h = 15, f0 = 3, f1 = 7, f2 = 6
𝐟𝟏 –𝐟𝟎
Mode = l + ( )h
𝟐𝐟𝟏 –𝐟𝟎 –𝐟𝟐
7– 3
= 40 + ( ) x 15
1 4 –3 –6
= 40 + ( 45 ) x 15
= 40 + 12
Mode = 52

3) The following data gives the information on the observed lifetimes

(in hours) of 225 electrical components. Find modal life time PREP-2019

Lifetimes(in hour) 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100 100-120

Frequency 10 35 52 61 38 29
Ans :
Class-interval Frequency
0-20 10
20-40 35
40-60 52 f0
60-80 61 f1
80-100 38 f2
100-120 29

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

Modal class : 60-80
l = 60, h = 20, f0 = 52, f1 = 61, f2 = 38
𝐟𝟏 –𝐟𝟎
Mode = l + ( )h
𝟐𝐟𝟏 –𝐟𝟎 –𝐟𝟐
6 1 – 52
= 60 + ( ) x 20
122–52–38
9
= 60 + ( 32
) x 20
180
= 60 +
32
= 60 + 5.625
Mode = 65.625
4) Calculate the mean for the following distribution table from direct method
MODEL-I-2020

Class-interval 0 - 10 10 - 20 20 - 30 30 - 40 40 - 50
Frequency 3 5 9 5 3
Ans:
Class-
Frequency(f) Mid-point(xi) fi.xi
interval
0-10 3 5 5x3 = 15
10-20 5 15 15x5 = 75
20-30 9 25 25x9 = 225
30-40 5 35 35x5 = 175
40-50 3 45 45x3 = 135
N= 25 Ʃ fi.xi = 625
Ʃfixi
Mean =
Ʃfi
625
Mean =
25
Mean = 25

5) Calculate the mean for the following distribution table from direct method
MODEL-I-2021
Class-interval 5-15 15-25 25-35 35-45 45-55
Frequency(f) 4 3 6 5 2

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

Ans:
Class-
Frequency(f) Mid-point(xi) fi.xi
interval
5-15 4 10 10x4 = 40
15-25 3 20 20x3 = 60
25-35 6 30 30x6 = 180
35-45 5 40 40x5 = 200
45-55 2 50 50x2 = 100
Ʃ fi = 20 Ʃ fi.xi = 580

Ʃfixi
Mean =
Ʃfi
580
Mean =
20
Mean = 29

6) In the following distribution, the mean is 10. Then find ‘x’

Class-interval 1-5 5-10 10-15 15-20
f 2 3 x 1
Ans :
Class-interval Frequency(fi) Mid-point(xi) fi.xi
1-5 2 3 6
5-10 3 7.5 22.5
10-15 x 12.5 12.5x
15-20 1 17.5 17.5
N = (6+x) ∑ 𝒇𝒊 𝒙𝒊 = (46+12.5x)
Ʃfixi
Mean =
Ʃfi
10 = 46+12.5x
6+x
10(6+ x) = 46 + 12.5x
10(6+ x) = 46 + 12.5x
60 + 10x = 46 + 12.5x
60-46 = 12.5x - 10x
2.5 x = 14
𝟏𝟒
x= = 5.6
𝟐.𝟓

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

7) Calculate the median for the following distribution : April-2019
Class-interval 1-4 4-7 7-10 10-13 13-16 16-19
f 6 30 40 16 4 4
Ans :
Class- Frequency Cumulative
interval (f) frequency
1-4 6 6
4-7 30 36 c.f
7-10 40 f 76
10-13 16 92
13-16 4 96
16-19 4 100
N = 100

N = 100, N2 = 100
2
= 50, Median = 50th
score
Median class : 7-10
Lower limit of median class : l=7
C.F. of class preceding median class: c.f. = 36
Frequency of median class: f = 40
Class size: h=3
𝐍
( –𝐜.𝐟.)
𝟐
Median = l + xh
𝐟
(50–36)3
= 7+
40
(14x3)
= 7+
40
42
= 7+ 40
= 7 + 1.05
Median = 8.05

8) Calculate the median for the following distribution : MODEL-2019

Class- 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100 100-120 120-140

interval
f 6 8 10 12 6 5 3

Ans :
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
 Class- Frequency Cumulative
interval (f) frequency
0-20 6 6
20-40 8 14
40-60 10 24 c.f
60-80 12 f 36
80-100 6 42
100-120 5 47
120-140 3 50
N = 50

N = 50, N2 = 50
2
= 25, Median = 25 th
score
Median class : 60-80
Lower limit of median class : l = 60
C.F. of class preceding median class: c.f. = 24
Frequency of median class: f = 12
Class size: h = 20
(𝐍–𝐜.𝐟.)
𝟐
Median = l + 𝐟
xh

= 60 + (25–24)x20
12
(1x20)
= 60 +
12
20
= 60 + 12
= 60 + 1.66
Median = 61.66

9) The mode of the following distribution table is 15. Find the mean for this
data, and then find the median value by using empirical formula relating
mean, median and mode. 4-MODEL-II-2020
Ans: Mode = 15
Calculation of Mean :

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 Class- Frequency(fi) Mid-point fi.xi
interval (xi)
1-5 7 3 3x7 = 21
5-9 2 7 7x2 = 14
9-13 2 11 11x2 = 22
13-17 8 15 15x8 = 120
17-21 1 19 19x1 = 19
N = 20 Ʃ fi.xi = 196

Ʃfixi
Mean =
Ʃfi
196
Mean =
20
Mean = 9.8
3x median = 2x mean + mode
3x median = 2x9.8 + 15
= 19.6 + 15
= 34.6
34.6
Median =
3
Median = 11.53

EXERCISE :

1) Find the mode of scores in the following data. PREP-2022

Class-
1-4 4-7 7-10 10-13 13-16
interval
f 7 4 8 6 4
Ans : Mode = 9
2) Find the mode of scores in the following data. March-2022

Class-interval 5-15 15-25 25-35 35-45 45-55

f 3 4 8 7 3
Ans : Mode = 33
3) Find the mode of scores in the following data. MODEL-2022
Class-interval 1-3 3-5 5-7 7-9 9-11
f 6 9 2 2 1
Ans: Mode = 3.6
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
 4) Calculate the mode for the following distribution : MODEL-II-2021

Class-interval 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50

frequency 6 9 15 9 1
Ans. : Mode = 25
5) Calculate the mode for the following data in the frequency distribution table: MODEL-I-2021

Class-interval 0 - 10 10 - 20 20 - 30 30 - 40 40 - 50
Frequency 7 9 15 11 8

Ans: Mode = 26
6) Calculate the mode for the following distribution : JUNE-2020

Class-interval 1-3 3-5 5-7 7-9 9-11

f 6 9 15 9 1
Ans : Mode = 6
7) Calculate the mode for the following distribution : SEPT-2020
Class-interval 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25
f 8 9 5 3 1
Ans : Mode = 6
8) Find the mean for the following distribution table from direct method :
Class-interval 1-5 5-9 9-13 13-17 17-21
Frequency 4 3 5 7 1

Ans: Mean = 10.6 MODEL-II-2021

9) Find the mean of the following data by “direct method”. MODEL-2022

Class-interval 10-30 30-50 50-70 70-90

Frequency 2 6 10 2
Ans : Mean = 52
10) Find the mean of the following data using direct method. PREP-2022
Class-interval 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50
Frequency 5 8 20 15 7
Ans : Mean = 27
11) Find the mean of the following data using direct method. March-2022
Class-
10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60
interval
Frequency 2 3 5 7 3

Ans : Mean = 38
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
12) Find the median of the following data. PREP-2020
C.I. 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90 90-100
Frequency 12 14 8 6 10
Ans: Median = 69.28
13) Calculate the median for the following distribution : JUNE-2020
Class-interval 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100
Frequency(f) 7 15 20 8
Ans : Median = 63
14) Find the mean of the following scores by direct method : June-2022

Class-
5-15 15-25 25-35 35-45 45-55
interval
Frequency 1 3 5 4 2
Ans. : Mean = 32
15) Find the median of the following scores: JUNE-2022

C.I. 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100

Frequency 6 9 10 8 7
Ans : Median = 50
16) Calculate the median for the following data in the distribution table :

Weight (in K.G.) 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40

No.of students 2 3 6 4 5
Ans : Median = 29.16 JUNE-2019
17) Find the 'mean' for the following grouped data. Model-QP : 2023

Class interval 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100

Frequency 12 14 8 6 10
Ans : Mean = 45.
18) Find the 'median' for the following grouped data. Model-QP : 2023

Class
0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60
interval
Frequency 5 8 20 15 7 5

Ans : Median = 31.33

19) Find the mean for the following data : PREP-2023
Class-interval 0-2 2-4 4-6 6-8 8-10
Frequency(f) 2 6 8 3 1
Ans. : Mean = 4.5

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

20) Find the mode for the following data : PREP-2023

Class Interval(CI) 0-6 6-12 12-18 18-24 24-30

Frequency(f) 2 9 15 12 5

Ans. : Mode = 16
21) Find the mean for the following data : April-2023

Class-interval 1-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-25

Frequency 4 3 2 1 5
Ans. : Mean = 13
22) Find the mode for the following data : April-2023

Class-interval 1-3 3-5 5-7 7-9 9-11

Frequency(f) 6 9 15 9 1

Ans. : Mode = 6
23) Find the mean for the data in the following frequency distribution table : June-2023
Class-interval 5-15 15-25 25-35 35-45 45-55
Frequency 4 6 5 6 4

Ans. : Mean = 30
24) Find the mode for the following data : June-2023

Class-interval 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35

Frequency(f) 3 3 7 6 6

Ans.: Mode = 24
25) Find the mean for the distribution given below : Model-QP:2024
Class-interval 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60
Frequency 4 6 17 13 7 3

Ans.: Mean = 29.4

26) Find the mode for the following data : Model-QP:2024
Class-interval 1-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30
Frequency 1 2 13 15 7 2

Ans.: Mode = 16
27) Find the mean for the following data : PREP-2024

Class-interval 2-6 6 - 10 10 - 14 14 - 18 18 - 22
Frequency(f) 4 8 2 1 5
Ans. :Mean = 11
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
28) Find the mode for the following data : PREP-2024

Class
Interval(CI) 5 - 15 15 - 25 25 - 35 35 - 45 45 - 55
Frequency(f) 4 8 2 5 1
Ans. : Mode = 19

29) Find the mean for the distribution given below : APRIL : 2024
Class-interval 2-6 7-11 12-16 17-21 22-26
Frequency 2 4 5 3 1

Ans. : Mean = 13
30) Find the mode for the following data : APRIL : 2024
Class-interval 1-5 5-9 9-13 13-17 17-21
Frequency 1 3 7 10 9

Ans. : Mode = 16
31) Find the mean for the following data by ‘direct method’ : Exam-2:2024
Class-interval 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60
Frequency 4 6 5 4 1

Ans. : Mean = 31
32) Find the median for the following data : Exam-2:2024
Class-interval 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90 90-100
Frequency 5 8 10 4 3
Ans. : Median = 72
33) Find the mean for the following data by ‘direct method’ : Exam-3:2024
Class-interval 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60
Frequency 2 5 6 5 2
Ans. : Mean = 35
34) Calculate the mode for the following distribution : Exam-3:2024

Class-interval 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25

f 4 10 6 4 5

Ans : Mode = 8

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 UNIT-14. PROBABILITY
* The probability of an event E, is
n(E) Number of outcomes favourable
P(E) = =
n(S) Number of all possible outcomes of the experiment
* The probability of a sure event(certain event) is 1.
* The probability of an impossible event is 0.
* The probability of an event E is a number P(E) such that 0≤ P(E) ≤ 1
* An event having only one outcome is called an elementary event. The sum of the
Probabilities of all the elementary events of an experiment is 1.
* For any event ‘E’, P(E) + P(E) = 1, where E and E are complementary events.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS :
1) Which one of the following cannot be the probability of an event.MODEL : 2018
2
A) 𝐵) -1.5 𝐶) 15% 𝐷) 0.7
3
2) P(E) + P (E) is equal to, PREP-2019
A) 1 B) 2 C) 0 D) 3
3) If P (A) = 0·05 then P (A) is APRIL-2019
A) 0.59 𝐵) 0.95 𝐶) 1 𝐷) 1.05
4) Faces of a cubical die numbered from 1 to 6 is rolled once. The probability
of getting an odd number on the top face is JUNE-2019
A) 𝟑 𝐵) 1 𝐶) 2 𝐷) 4
𝟔 6 6 6
5) The probability of an event ‘E’ is 0.05, then the probability of an event
‘not E’ is MODEL -1 : 2019-20
1 1
A) 0.05 𝐵) 0.95 𝐶) 𝐷)
0.05 0.95
6) 26 English alphabet cards ( without repeating any alphabet) are put in a box
and shuffled well. If a card is chosen at random then the probability that the
card with an vowel is MODEL -2 : 2019-20
3 𝟓 1 21
A) 𝐵) 𝐶) 𝐷)
26 𝟐𝟔 26 26
7) The probability of certain(sure) event is PREP-2020
A) 0 𝐵) 0.5 𝐶) 0.75 𝐷) 1
8) If P(A) = 𝟐 , then P(A) is SEPT-2020
𝟑
𝟏 3
A) B) 3 C) 1 D)
𝟑 2
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
9) For an event ‘E’, if P(E) = 0·75, then P(E) is April-2023
A) 2·5 B) 0·25 C) 0·025 D) 1·25
𝟑
10) The probability of winning a game is . The probability of losing the same
𝟒
game is June-2023
1 3 𝟏 1
A) B) C) D)
2 4 𝟒 3
11) The probability of a sure event is APRIL : 2024
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) – 1 (D) 1·5
12) If a fair die is rolled twice, then the number of all the possible outcomes is
A) 12 B) 24 C) 36 D) 6 JUNE-2024
13) For any event ‘E’, if P (E) = 0·7, then find P(E). PREP-2023

Ans. : P(E) + P(E) = 1

P(E) = 1 – 0.7 = 0.3
14) If the probability of raining on a particular day is 0.75, then find the
probability of not raining on the same day. Model-QP:2023
Ans : Probability of not raining on the same day = 1 - 0.75 = 0.25
15) A fair coin is tossed once. Find the probability of getting Head. Model-QP:2024
Ans.: P(A) = n(A)
n(S)

P(A) = 12
16) A square based prism die whose each rectangular faces are numbered 1,
3, 4, and 6 is rolled once. Find the probability of getting number 2 on its
top face. PREP-2024
Ans: S = {1, 3, 4, 6} n(S) = 4
A={} n(A) = 0
n(E) 0
Probability = P(A) = = =0
n(S) 4
17) If P(A) = 80 % then show that the probability of not A is 𝟏. Exam-3:2024
𝟓
Ans. : P(A) + P(A) = 1
80% + P(A) = 100 %
P(A) = 100 – 80
P(A) = 20 %
1
P(A) =
5

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 TWO MARKS QUESTIONS :
1) A die is thrown once. Find the probability of getting a number lying
between 2 and 6. MODEL : 2018-19
Ans. : S = { 1,2,3,4,5,6 } n(s) = 6
E = { 3,4,5 } n(E) = 3
n(E) 3 1
Probability = P(E) = = =
n(S) 6 2

2) A die is thrown twice. What is the probability that

(i ) 5 will not come up either time ?
(ii) 5 will come up at least once ? PREP-2019
Ans. : Total number of outcomes:
S = { (1 1), (1 2), (1 3), (1 4), (1 5), (1 6)
.....................................................
(6 1), (6 2), (6 3) , (6 4) ,( 6 5), (6 6) }
n(s) = 36
(i ) The possibility of 5 will not come either time = n(E1) = 25
n(E) 25
Probability = P(E) = =
n(S) 36
(ii ) The possibility of 5 will comes at least once:
E2 = { (1 5), (2 5), (3 5) , ( 4 5) ,( 5 5) , (6 5) , (5 1), (5 2), (5 3) , (5 4), (5 6)}
n(E2) = 11
n(E) 11
Probability = P(E) = =
n(S) 36

3) A cubical die numbered from 1 to 6 are rolled twice. Find the probability
of getting the sum of numbers on its faces is 10. APRIL : 2019
Ans. : S = { (1 1), (1 2), (1 3), (1 4), (1 5), (1 6)
.....................................................
(6 1), (6 2), (6 3), (6 4), ( 6 5), (6 6) }
n (S) = 36
n(A) = { ( 5, 5 ) ( 4, 6 ) ( 6, 4 ) } = 3
n(A)
P(A) =
n(S)
3
= 36
𝟏
P(A) =
𝟏𝟐

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

4) A box contains 90 discs, which are numbered from 1 to 90. If one disc is
Drawn at random from the box, find the probability that it bears a perfect
square number. JUNE-2019
Ans. : S = { 1,2,3,......89,90 } n(s) = 90
E = { 1,4,9,16,25,36,49,64,81 } n(E) = 9
n(E) 9 1
Probability = P(E) = = =
n(S) 90 10
5)Two cubical dice whose faces are numbered 1 to 6 are rolled simultaneously
once. Find the probability that the sum of the two numbers occurring on
their top faces is more than 7. MODEL-1 : 2019-20
Ans. : S = { (1 1), (1 2), (1 3), (1 4), (1 5), (1 6)
.....................................................
(6 1), (6 2), (6 3), (6 4), ( 6 5), (6 6) }
n (S) = 36
The sum of the two numbers occurring on their top faces is more than 7.
A = { ( 2, 6 ), ( 3, 5 ), ( 3, 6 ), ( 4, 4 ), ( 4, 5 ), ( 4, 6 ), ( 5, 3 ), ( 5, 4 ), ( 5, 5),
( 5, 6 ), ( 6, 2 ), ( 6, 3 ), ( 6, 4 ), ( 6, 5 ), ( 6, 6 )}
n(A) = 15
n(A)
Probability = P(A) =
n(S)
15 5
P(A) = =
36 12
6) If ‘A’ is an event of a random experiment, such that P(A) : P(A) = 1 : 2,
find the value of P(A). MODEL-2 : 2019-20
Ans. :
P(A) 1
Given that, P(A) = 2
P(A) = 2P(A) --------- (1)
We know that,
P(A) + P(A) = 1
P(A) = 1 – P(A) ---------- (2)
Substitute Eqn(2) in Eqn(1),
P(A) = 2(1 – P(A) )
P(A) = 2 – 2P(A)
P(A) + 2P(A) = 2
3P(A) = 2
𝟐
P(A) =
𝟑

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

7) A box contains 28 bulbs of which 7 bulbs are are defective, a bulb is drawn
randomly from the box. Find the probability of picking a non-defective bulb.
Ans. : PREP-2020
S = { Total bulbs }
n(S) = 28
Defective bulbs = 7
E = Non-Defective bulbs = 21
n(E) = 21
n(E) 21 3
Probability = P(E) = = =
n(S) 28 4
8) Letters of English alphabets A ,B, C, D, E, I are marked on the faces of a
cubical die. If this die is rolled once, then find the probability of getting a
vowel on its top face. SEPT-2020

Ans. : S = { A, B, C, D, E, I }
n(S) = 6
E = Vowel on its top face. = { A, E, I }
n(E) = 3
n(E) 3 1
Probability = P(E) = = =
n(S) 6 2
9) A game of chance consists of rotating an arrow which
comes to rest pointing at one of the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6, 7, 8 and these are equally possible outcomes.
Find the probability that it will point at an odd
number. SEPT-2020
Ans. : S = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 }
n(S) = 8
E = Getting an odd number = { 1, 3, 5, 7 }
n(E) = 4
n(E) 4 1
Probability = P(E) = = =
n(S) 8 2
10) Cards marked with numbers 2 to 101 are placed in a box and mixed
thoroughly. One card is drawn from this box. Find the probability that
number of the is : a) An even number
b) A perfect square number
Ans. : S = { 2,3,......, 100,101 } n(s) = 100
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
 𝑎) Getting an even number : A = { 2,4,6,..........100 } n(A) = 50
n(A) 50 1
Probability = P(A) = = =
n(S) 100 2
𝑏) A perfect square number : B = { 4,9,16,25,36,49,64,81,100 } n(E) = 9
n(B) 9
Probability = P(B) = =
n(S) 100

11)Write the probability of sure event and imposible event.

Ans. : Probability of a sure event = 1
Probability of an imposible event = 0

12) Two coins are tossed simultaneously. Find the probability of getting atleast
one head?
Ans. : S = { HH, HT, TH, TT } n(s) = 4
Getting atleast one head = E = { HH, HT, TH }
n(E) = 3
n(E) 3
Probability = P(E) = =
n(S) 4
13) There are 6 red, 5 blue and 4 green balls in a box. A ball is drawn at
random from the box. What is the probability that the ball drawn is
(i)not green (ii) red Model-QP : 2023
Ans :
Total number of balls in a bag = 6+5+4
n (S) = 15
a) Number of not a green ball = n (A) = 6+5 = 11

Probability of drawing not a green ball

n( A) 11
P(A) = =
n(S) 15
b) Number of red balls = n (R) = 6
Probability of drawing red ball
6
P(R) =
n(R )
= =2
n(S) 15 5
14) A box contains cards which are numbered from 1 to 20. If one card is
drawn at random from the box, find the probability that it bears a cube
number. PREP-2023

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 Ans. : S = { 1,2,3,......19,20 } n(s) = 20
E = { 1,8 }
n(E) = 2
n(E)
Probability = P(E) =
n(S)
2
= 20
1
Probability =
10

15) A box contains cards which are numbered from 9 to 19. If one card is
drawn at random from the box, find the probability that it bears a prime
number. April-2023
Ans. : S = { 9 10, ,11 ............. 19 }
∴ n(s) = 11
E = { Prime numbers } = { 11,13,17,19 }
n(E) = 4
n(E) 4
Probability = P(E) = =
n(S) 11

16) A box contains 9 cards which are numbered from 10 to 18. If one card is
drawn at random from the box, then find the probability of getting a
prime number. June-2023
Ans. : S = { 10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18 }
n(s) = 9
Prime numbers = E = { 11,13,17 }
n(E) = 3
n(E) 3 1
Probability = P(E) = = =
n(S) 9 3

17) A box contains tokens which are numbered from 1 to 15. A token is drawn
at random from the box. Find the probability that the token does not bear a
prime number. Model-QP:2024
Ans.: S = { 1,2,3,......, 15 } n(s) = 15
Prime numbers = { 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13 }
Not a prime number = A = { 1, 4, 6, 8, 9,10, 12,14, 15 }
n(A) = 9
n(A) 9 3
Probability = P(E) = = =
n(S) 15 5
Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769
 𝟑 𝟏
18) If P(A) = 𝟒 show that P(A) ≠ 𝟐 PREP-2024

Ans. : P(A) + P(A) = 1

P(A) = 1 – P(A)
P(A) = 1 – 3
4
1 1
P(A) = ≠
4 2
19) A basket contains 36 mangoes. 𝟏𝟒 th of them are rotten and others are good.
If one mango is drawn at random from the basket, then find the probability
of getting a good mango. APRIL : 2024

Ans. : n(S) =36

1
n (A)= Good Mangoes = 36 x = 27
4

p(A) = n(A)
n(S)

∴ p(A) = 27 = 3
36 4

20) Identify the impossible event in the following and write the probability of
an impossible event.
Event A : ‘getting both head and tail’ when a fair coin is tossed once.
Event B : ‘getting head or tail’ when a fair coin is tossed once. JUNE-2024
Ans. : Event A is an impossible event.
Probability of an impossible event is ‘0’

21) A bag contains cards bearing the numbers 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128 and 256.
One card is drawn at random from the bag. Find the probability that the
card bears a perfect cube number. Exam-3:2024
Ans. :
n(S) = { 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128 , 256 } = 8
n (A)= { 8, 64} = 2
p(A ) = n(A)
n(S)

=2
8

∴ p(A ) = 1
4

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769

 THREE MARKS QUESTIONS :
1) A bag contains 3 red balls, 5 white balls and 8 blue balls. One ball is taken
out of the bag at random. Find the probability that the ball taken out is
(a) a red ball, (b) not a white ball. JUNE-2020
Ans :
Total number of balls in a bag = n(S) = 16
a) Number of red balls = n(R) = 3
n(R) 3
Probability of drawing red balls P(R) = =
n(S) 16
b) Number of not a white ball = n(A) = 8 + 3 = 11
n(B) 11
Probability of drawing not a white ball P(B) = =
n(S) 16

“Nothing is impossible, the word itself says I’m possible”

***** All the Best *****

Lingaraju.S M.Sc. B.ed 9886340769