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CH.9 RAY OPTICS = NUMERICAL

1. A glass lens of refractive index 1.5 is placed in a trough of liquid. What must be the
refractive index of the liquid in order to mark the lens disappear?

In order to make the lens disappear the refractive index of liquid must be equal to 1.5
i.e. equal to that of glass lens.

2. A converging lens of refractive index 1.5 is kept in a liquid medium having same
refractive index. What would be the focal length of the lens in this medium?

The lens in the liquid will act like a plane sheet of glass

3. How does the power of a convex lens vary, if the incident red light is replaced by
violet light?
According to Lens Maker’s formula

∴ power of the lens will be increased.

4.How does the angle of minimum deviation of a glass prism vary, if the incident violet
light is replaced with red light?
We know that λ red > λ violet, therefore µ red < µ violet and hence δ red < δ violet.
When incident violet light is replaced with red light, the angle of minimum deviation of a
glass decreases

5. How does the angle of minimum deviation of a glass prism of refractive index 1.5
changes, if it is immersed in a liquid of refractive index 1.3?

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Hence angle of deviation is decreased.

6. Two thin lenses of power + 4D and – 2D are in contact. What is the focal length of the
combination?

7. Two thin lenses of power + 6D and – 2D are in contact. What is the focal length of the
combination?

8. A glass lens of refractive index 1.45 disappears when immersed in a liquid. What is the value
of refractive index of the liquid?
The value of refractive index of the liquid should be 1.45 so that the glass lens of refractive
index 1.45 disappears when immersed in a liquid.

9. State the conditions for the phenomenon of total internal reflection to occur.
Two essential conditions for total internal reflection are :

1. Light should travel from an optically denser medium to an optically rarer medium.
2. The angle of incidence in the denser medium must be greater than the critical
angle for the two media.

10.alculate the speed of light in a medium whose critical angle is 30°.

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∴ Speed of light, v = 1.5 × 108 ms-1

11. Converging lens is kept coaxially in contact with a diverging lens — both the lenses
being of equal focal lengths. What is the focal length of the combination?
Focal length of the combination is Infinity.

12. When light travels from a rarer to a denser medium, the speed decreases. Does this
decrease in speed imply a decrease in the energy carried by the light wave? Justify
your answer.
No, the energy carried by the light wave remains the same.
Reason : As energy E = hv

Here frequency remains same.

13.When monochromatic light travels from one medium to another its wavelength
changes but frequency remains the same. Explain.

If v1 and v2 denote the velocity of light in medium 1 and medium 2 respectively and
λ1 and λ2 denote the wavelength of light in medium 1 and medium 2. Thus

The above equation implies that when a wave gets refracted into denser medium (v1 >
v2) the wavelength and the speed of propagation decreases but the frequency v
remains the same.

14.Under what condition does a biconvex lens of glass having a certain refractive index
act as a plane glass sheet when immersed in a liquid?
When the refractive index of glass of biconvex lens is equal to the refractive index of the
liquid in which lens is immersed
or µ1 = µg

15.For the same value of angle of incidence, the angles of refraction in three media A, B
and C are 15°, 25° and 35° respectively. In which medium would the velocity of light be
minimum?

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∴ Velocity of light is minimum in medium A.

16.Two thin lenses of power -4D and 2D are placed in contact coaxially. Find the focal
length of the combination.

Power of combination = – 4D + 2D = – 2D

∴ Focal length, f = – 50 cm

17.Write the relationship between angle of incidence ‘i’, angle of prism ‘A’ and angle of
minimum deviation for a triangular prism. (Delhi 2013)
Answer:

where [δm is angle of minimum deviation]

18. When red light passing through a convex lens is replaced by light of blue colour, how will the
focal length of the lens change?
Focal length of lens will decrease because refractive index of red is less than refractive index of
blue, that means focal length and refractive index are inversely proportional

19.If the wavelength of light incident on a convex lens is increased, how will its focal
length change?

20.A biconvex lens made of a transparent material of refractive index 1.25 is immersed
in water of refractive index 1.33. Will the lens behave as a converging or a diverging
lens? Give reason.

The lens will behave as a diverging lens, because f is negative.

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The value of (µ – 1) is negative and ‘f’ will be negative.

21.Draw a ray diagram of an astronomical telescope in the normal adjustment position.

State two drawbacks of this type of telescope:
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(ii) Drawbacks :

∑ Images formed by these telescopes have chromatic aberrations.

∑ Lesser resolving power.
∑ The image formed is inverted and fainted.

22.Draw a ray diagram of a compound microscope. Write the expression for its
magnifying power.

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When the final image is formed at the least distance of distinct vision

23. Draw a labelled ray diagram of an astronomical telescope in the near point position.
Write the expression for its magnifying power.

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24. Draw a ray diagram for the formation of image in a compound microscope. Write the
expression for its magnifying power.

When the final image is formed at the least distance of distinct vision

25.A ray of light passing through an equilateral triangular glass prism from air
undergoes minimum deviation when angle of incidence is 3/4th of the angle of prism.
Calculate the speed of light in the prism.

26.The radii of curvature of the faces of a double convex lens are 10 cm and 15 cm. If

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focal length of the lens is 12 cm, find the refractive index of the material of the lens.
Given : R1 = 10 cm,
R2 = -15 cm,f = 12 cm
Using lens maker’s formula, we have

27. An illuminated object and a screen are placed 90 cm apart. Determine the focal
length and nature of the lens required to produce a clear image on the screen, twice the
size of the object.

Nature of lens : Convex lens of focal length 20 cm is required.

28. The image obtained with a convex lens is erect and its length is four times the
length of the object. If the focal length of the lens is 20 cm, calculate the object and
image distance. Putting the value of u in eqn (i), we get v = – 60 cm
∴ Object distance, u = 15 cm and
Image distance, v = 60 cm.

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Putting the value of u in eqn (i), we get v = – 60 cm

∴ Object distance, u = 15 cm and
Image distance, v = 60 cm.

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