Principles of Statistics 1

Section 3
Question One: 20 students were asked about their marks in the last quiz. The
following representing their response

65 98 55 62 79 59 48 90 72 56

70 62 66 80 94 79 63 73 71 86

1- How many classes would you recommend?

𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
Number of classes (𝑘) → 2𝑘 > 𝑛

25 = 32 > 20

Then number of classes = 5 classes

2- Organize the marks into a frequency table.

Range = largest value – smallest value = 98 − 48 = 50

𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 – 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 50

Length of each class = = = 10
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 5

1
Classes Tally Frequency Relative frequency % frequency

3⁄ × 100%
𝟐𝟎
\\\ 3 3⁄
48 - 58 𝟐𝟎
= 15%

6⁄ × 100%
𝟐𝟎
\\\\ \ 6 6⁄
58 - 68 𝟐𝟎
= 30%

4⁄ × 100%
𝟐𝟎
\\\\ 4 4⁄
68 - 78 𝟐𝟎
= 20%

4⁄ × 100%
𝟐𝟎
\\\\ 4 4⁄
78 - 88 𝟐𝟎
= 20%

3⁄ × 100%
𝟐𝟎
\\\ 3 3⁄
88 - 98 𝟐𝟎
= 15%

---- 20 1 100%
-----

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 3- Obtaining the cumulative frequency, relative frequency and percent
frequency ("less than") cumulative frequency distribution for these data

Cumulative Cumulative Relative

Classes Cumulative percent frequency
Frequency frequency

3⁄ 3⁄ × 100% = 15%
3 𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟎
48 - 58

3+6 9 3+6
9 = × 100% = 45%
58 - 68 𝟐𝟎 20 𝟐𝟎

3 + 6 + 4 13 3+6+4
13 = × 100% = 65%
68 - 78 𝟐𝟎 20 𝟐𝟎

3 + 6 + 4 + 4 17 3+6+4+4
17 = × 100% = 85%
78 - 88 𝟐𝟎 20 𝟐𝟎

3 + 6 + 4 + 4 + 3 20 3+6+4+4+3
= × 100%
𝟐𝟎 20 𝟐𝟎
20
88 - 98
=1 = 100%

4- The number of individuals who had a grade of less than 88

The number of students who had a grade less than 88 equal 17

5- The number of individuals who had a grade of less than 72

72 − 68 𝑥−9
=
78 − 68 13 − 9
4 𝑥−9
=
10 4

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 10𝑥 − 90 = 16
10𝑥 = 116
𝑥 = 11.6~12
6- The proportion of individuals who had a grade of 80 at least
80 at least = total – less than 80

𝐹𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦
Less than 78 → 13
𝐹𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦
Less than 80 → 𝑥
𝐹𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦
Less than 88 → 17

80 − 78 𝑥 − 13
=
88 − 78 17 − 13
2 𝑥 − 13
=
10 4
8 = 10𝑥 − 130
138 = 10𝑥
𝑥 = 13.8~14
80 at least = total – less than 80
80 at least = 20 – 14 = 6

6
Proportion = = 0.3
20

7. Graph Histogram

4
 Histogram
7

0
0-48 48-58 58-68 68-78 78-88 88-98

Question Three: The weights of 65 people were measured. The

frequency distribution table of this dataset is
Weight Frequency Cumulative Frequency

60-70 7 7
70-80 10 17
80-90 6 23
90-100 9 32
100-110 10 42
110-120 11 53
120-130 5 58
130-140 7 65
A. Graph the histogram

The solution

a. Graph the Histogram

5
 Histogram
12

10

8
Axis Title

0
0-60 60-70 70-80 80-90 90-100 100-110110-120120-130130-140
Axis Title

Questions Four: From the following table answer the questions, complete
the missing values.
Temperature in F Frequency Relative Percent
Frequency Frequency
100-104 0.04
105-109 8
110-114 36%
115-119 13 0.26
120-124 14%
125-129 0.02
130-134 1
Total 50

The solution
Required Rules

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 𝒄𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒉 𝒄𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒈𝒐𝒓𝒚
𝑹𝒆𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝑭𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚 =
𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒐𝒃𝒔𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
(The total of relative frequency equal 1)
𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝑭𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚 = 𝑹𝒆𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝑭𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎%
(The total of percent frequency equal 100%(
Temperature in F Frequency Relative Percent
Frequency Frequency
100-104 2 0.04 4%
105-109 8 0.16 16%
110-114 18 0.36 36%
115-119 13 0.26 26%
120-124 7 0.14 14%
125-129 1 0.02 2%
130-134 1 0.02 2%
Total 50 1 100

Questions Five: If you have the following data of the marks of 20 students
Construct stem and leaf
72 49 62 58 73 55 78 83 57 63
85 85 64 61 67 75 91 75 73 73

The solution

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stem leaf Frequency
4 9 1
5 5,7,8 3
6 1,2,3,4,7 5
7 2,3,3,3,5,5,8 7
8 3,5,5 3
9 1 1