SEMESTER 1

APPLIED MATHEMATICS SOLVED PAPER – MAY 2017

Q.1(a) Prove that 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒉−𝟏 (𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽) = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉−𝟏 (𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽) [3]

Ans : L.H.S = 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒉−𝟏 (𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽)
𝟏 𝟏+𝒙
We know that , 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒉−𝟏 (𝒙) = 𝒍𝒐𝒈( )
𝟐 𝟏−𝒙
𝟏 𝟏+𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
∴ L.H.S = 𝒍𝒐𝒈( )
𝟐 𝟏−𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽

R.H.S = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉−𝟏 (𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽)

We know that , 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉−𝟏 (𝒙) = 𝒍𝒐𝒈 (𝒙 + √𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏)

∴ R.H.S = 𝒍𝒐𝒈 (𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽 + √𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝜽 − 𝟏 )

𝟏 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
= 𝒍𝒐𝒈 ( + ) ……{√𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝜽 − 𝟏 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽 = }
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽

𝟏+𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
= 𝒍𝒐𝒈 ( )
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽
𝟏+𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
= 𝒍𝒐𝒈 ( )
√𝟏−𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽

√𝟏+𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
= 𝒍𝒐𝒈 ( )
√𝟏−𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
𝟏 𝟏+𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
= 𝒍𝒐𝒈( )
𝟐 𝟏−𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽

∴ 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒉−𝟏 (𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽) = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉−𝟏 (𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽)

Hence Proved .
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏+𝒊
(b) Prove that the matrix [ ] is unitary. [3]
√𝟑 𝟏−𝒊 −𝟏
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏+𝒊
Ans : Let A= [ ]
√𝟑 𝟏 − 𝒊 −𝟏
The matrix is unitary when A.𝑨𝜽 = 𝑰 .
 𝜽 ̅ )𝒕 = 𝟏 𝟏−𝒊 𝒕
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏+𝒊
∴ 𝑨 = (𝑨 [ ] = [ ]
√𝟑 𝟏 + 𝒊 −𝟏 √𝟑 𝟏 − 𝒊 −𝟏
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏+𝒊 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏+𝒊
∴ A.𝑨𝜽 = [ ] [ ]
√𝟑 𝟏 − 𝒊 −𝟏 √𝟑 𝟏 − 𝒊 −𝟏
𝟏 𝟑 𝟎
= [ ]
𝟑 𝟎 𝟑

𝟏 𝟎
=[ ]
𝟎 𝟏
∴ A.𝑨𝜽 = I
The given matrix is unitary is proved.

𝒖
(c) If x=uv & y= prove that 𝑱𝑱𝟏 = 𝟏 [3]
𝒗
𝒖
Ans : x =uv and y=
𝒗
∴ x and y are function of u and v .
𝒙
∴ u =√𝒙𝒚 ∴ v=√ ……. { from given eqns }
𝒚

𝒙𝒖 𝒙𝒗 𝒗 𝒖 −𝒖 𝒖 −𝟐𝒖
J = |𝒚 𝒚𝒗 | = | 𝒗
𝟏 −𝒖| = − = ……(1)
𝒖 𝒗 𝒗 𝒗
𝒗𝟐

√𝒚 √𝒙 𝒙
𝒖𝒙 𝒖𝒚 𝟐√𝒙 𝟐√𝒚
−√
𝒚 −𝒗
𝑱𝟏 = |𝒗 𝒗𝒚 | = | |= = ……..(2)
𝒙 𝟏 −√𝒙 𝟐√𝒙𝒚 𝟐𝒖
𝟐√𝒙𝒚 𝟐𝒚√𝒚

−𝟐𝒖 −𝒗
∴ 𝑱𝑱𝟏 = × =𝟏
𝒗 𝟐𝒖

∴ 𝑱𝑱𝟏 = 𝟏
Hence Proved.

𝒙 𝒅𝒛 𝟐
(d) If z =𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 ( ), where x=2t , y=1-𝒕𝟐 , prove that = . [3]
𝒚 𝒅𝒕 𝟏+𝒕𝟐
 𝒙
Ans : z =𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 ( ) x=2t and y=1-𝒕𝟐
𝒚

∴ z is the function of x and y & x and y are the functions of t.

z ⟶ f(x,y)⟶f(t)
𝟐𝒕
∴ z = 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 ( )
𝟏−𝒕𝟐

Direct differentiate w.r.t t ,

𝒅𝒛 𝟏 𝒅 𝟐𝒕
= 𝟐𝒕 × ( )
𝒅𝒕 𝟏+( 𝟐 )𝟐 𝒅𝒕 𝟏−𝒕𝟐
𝟏−𝒕

𝟐(𝟏−𝒕𝟐 )𝟐 𝟏 𝟏
= × [𝒕. (𝟏−𝒕𝟐)𝟐 (−𝟐𝒕) + × 𝟏]
(𝟏−𝒕𝟐 )𝟐 +𝟒𝒕𝟐 𝟏−𝒕𝟐

𝟐(𝟏−𝒕𝟐 )𝟐 𝟏
= ×
𝟏+𝒕𝟐 (𝟏−𝒕𝟐 )𝟐

𝒅𝒛 𝟐
∴ =
𝒅𝒕 𝟏+𝒕𝟐

Hence Proved.
(e) Find the nth derivative of cos 5x.cos 3x.cos x. [4]
Ans : let y = cos 5x.cos 3x.cos x
𝒄𝒐𝒔 (𝟓𝒙−𝟑𝒙)+𝒄𝒐𝒔 (𝟓𝒙+𝟑𝒙)
= . cos x
𝟐
𝟏
= [ 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝒙. 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟖𝒙. 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 ]
𝟐
𝟏
y = [ 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟑𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟗𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟕𝒙 ]
𝟒

Take n th derivative,
𝒏𝝅
𝒏 𝒕𝒉 𝒅𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒗𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒐𝒔 (𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃) = 𝒂𝒏 𝒄𝒐𝒔 ( + 𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃)
𝟐
𝟏 𝒏𝝅 𝒏𝝅 𝒏𝝅 𝒏𝝅
𝒚𝒏 = [ 𝟗𝒄𝒐𝒔 ( + 𝟑𝒙) + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 ( + 𝒙) + 𝟖𝟏𝒄𝒐𝒔 ( + 𝟗𝒙) + 𝟒𝟗𝒄𝒐𝒔 ( + 𝟕𝒙)
𝟒 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

𝟏
(f) Evaluate : 𝐥𝐢𝐦(𝒙)𝟏−𝒙 [4]
𝒙→𝟎
 𝟏
Ans : Let L= 𝐥𝐢𝐦(𝒙)𝟏−𝒙
𝒙→𝟎

Take log on both the sides,

𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒙
∴ log L = 𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝒙→𝟎 𝟏−𝒙

Apply L’Hospital rule ,

𝟏
∴ log L = 𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝒙→𝟎 𝒙

= 0
∴ L = 𝑒0 = 1

Q.2(a) Find all values of (𝟏 + 𝒊)𝟏/𝟑 & show that their continued
Product is (1+i). [6]
Ans : let x =(𝟏 + 𝒊)𝟏/𝟑
𝟏 𝒊
∴ 𝒙𝟑 = 𝟏 + 𝒊 = √𝟐( + )
√𝟐 √𝟐
𝝅 𝝅
∴ 𝒙𝟑 = √𝟐[𝒄𝒐𝒔 + 𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒏 ]
𝟒 𝟒

Add period 2k 𝝅 ,
𝝅 𝝅
𝒙𝟑 = √𝟐[𝒄𝒐𝒔( + 𝟐𝒌𝝅) + 𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒏 ( + 𝟐𝒌𝝅)]
𝟒 𝟒

By applying De Moivres theorem,

𝟏 𝝅 𝟏 𝝅
x = 2√𝟐[𝒄𝒐𝒔 ( + 𝟐𝒌𝝅) + 𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒏 ( + 𝟐𝒌𝝅) ]
𝟑 𝟒 𝟑 𝟒

where k =0,1,2.
Roots are :
𝝅
Put k=0 𝒙𝟎 = 𝟐√𝟐𝒆𝒊𝟏𝟐
𝟗𝝅
Put k=1 𝒙𝟏 = 𝟐√𝟐𝒆𝒊𝟏𝟐
𝟏𝟕𝝅
Put k=2 𝒙𝟐 = 𝟐√𝟐𝒆𝒊 𝟏𝟐
 The continued product of roots is given by ,
𝝅 𝟗𝝅 𝟏𝟕𝝅
𝒙𝟎 𝒙𝟏 𝒙𝟐 = 𝟐√𝟐𝒆𝒊𝟏𝟐 × 𝟐√𝟐𝒆𝒊𝟏𝟐 × 𝟐√𝟐𝒆𝒊 𝟏𝟐
𝟐𝟕𝝅
= 16 √𝟐 𝒆𝒊 𝟏𝟐
𝟏 𝒊
= √𝟐( + )
√𝟐 √𝟐

= 1+i
The continued product of roots is (1+i).

(b) Find non singular matrices P & Q such that PAQ is in normal form
𝟐 −𝟐 𝟑
Where A = [𝟑 −𝟏 𝟐] [6]
𝟏 𝟐 −𝟏
Ans : Matrix in PAQ form is given by ,
A=PAQ
𝟐 −𝟐 𝟑 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
[𝟑 −𝟏 𝟐 ]= [𝟎 𝟏 𝟎] 𝑨 [𝟎 𝟏 𝟎]
𝟏 𝟐 −𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏
𝑹𝟏 → 𝑹𝟑 ,
𝟏 𝟐 −𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
[𝟑 −𝟏 𝟐 ] = [𝟎 𝟏 𝟎] 𝑨 [𝟎 𝟏 𝟎]
𝟐 −𝟐 𝟑 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏
𝑹𝟐 − 𝟑𝑹𝟏 , 𝑹𝟑 − 𝟐𝑹𝟏 ,
𝟏 𝟐 −𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
[𝟎 −𝟕 𝟓 ] = [𝟎 𝟏 −𝟑] 𝑨 [𝟎 𝟏 𝟎]
𝟎 −𝟔 𝟓 𝟏 𝟎 −𝟐 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏

𝑪𝟐 − 𝟐𝑪𝟏 , 𝑪𝟑 + 𝑪𝟏 ,
 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 −𝟐 𝟏
[𝟎 −𝟕 𝟓] = [𝟎 𝟏 −𝟑] 𝑨 [𝟎 𝟏 𝟎]
𝟎 −𝟔 𝟓 𝟏 𝟎 −𝟐 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏
𝑪𝟑
,
𝟓

𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 −𝟐 𝟏/𝟓
[𝟎 =
−𝟕 𝟏] [𝟎 𝟏 −𝟑] 𝑨 [𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 ]
𝟎 −𝟔 𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 −𝟐 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏/𝟓
𝑪𝟐 + 𝟔𝑪𝟑 ,
𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 −𝟒/𝟓 𝟏/𝟓
[𝟎 −𝟏 𝟏] = [𝟎 𝟏 −𝟑] 𝑨 [𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 ]
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 −𝟐 𝟎 𝟔/𝟓 𝟏/𝟓
𝑪𝟑 + 𝑪𝟐 ,
𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 −𝟒/𝟓 −𝟑/𝟓
[𝟎 −𝟏 𝟎] = [𝟎 𝟏 −𝟑] 𝑨 [𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 ]
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 −𝟐 𝟎 𝟔/𝟓 𝟕/𝟓
- 𝑹𝟏 ,
𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 −𝟒/𝟓 −𝟑/𝟓
[𝟎 𝟏 𝟎] = [𝟎 −𝟏 𝟑 ] 𝑨 [𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 ]
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 −𝟐 𝟎 𝟔/𝟓 𝟕/𝟓
Now A is in normal form with rank 3.
Compare with PAQ form ,
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 −𝟒/𝟓 −𝟑/𝟓
P = [𝟎 −𝟏 𝟑 ] Q = [𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 ]
𝟏 𝟎 −𝟐 𝟎 𝟔/𝟓 𝟕/𝟓

(c) Find the maximum and minimum values of

f(x,y)=𝒙𝟑 + 𝟑𝒙𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟓𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟓𝒚𝟐 + 𝟕𝟐𝒙 [8]
Ans : given : f(x,y)=𝒙𝟑 + 𝟑𝒙𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟓𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟓𝒚𝟐 + 𝟕𝟐𝒙
 𝒇𝒙 = 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒚𝟐 − 𝟑𝟎𝒙 + 𝟕𝟐 𝒇𝒙𝒙 = 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟑𝟎
𝒇𝒚 = 𝟔𝒙𝒚 − 𝟑𝟎𝒚 𝒇𝒚𝒚 = 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟑𝟎
𝒇𝒙𝒚 = 𝟔𝒚
To find stationary values :
𝒇𝒙 = 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒚𝟐 − 𝟑𝟎𝒙 + 𝟕𝟐 = 𝟎 & 𝒇𝒚 = 𝟔𝒙𝒚 − 𝟑𝟎𝒚 = 𝟎
y=0 or x=5
for y=0 , x=6,4
∴ (x,y)=(6,0) , (4,0).
For x=5 , y=1,-1
∴ (x,y)=(5,1) , (5,-1)
Stationary points are : (6,0),(4,0),(5,1),(5,-1)
(i) For point (6,0) ,
r = 𝒇𝒙𝒙 =36-30=6 , s =𝒇𝒙𝒚 = 𝟎 , 𝒕 = 𝒇𝒚𝒚 = 𝟔

rt - 𝒔𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔 > 𝟎 and r =6>0

function is minimum at (6,0).
𝒇𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝟏𝟎𝟖
(ii) For point (4,0) ,
r = 𝒇𝒙𝒙 =-6 , s =𝒇𝒙𝒚 = 𝟎 , 𝒕 = 𝒇𝒚𝒚 = −𝟔

rt - 𝒔𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔 > 𝟎 and r =-6<0

function is maximum at (4,0).
𝒇𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟏𝟏𝟐
(iii) for point (5,1) and (5,-1) ,
Thr points are neither maximum nor minimum.
∴ The maximum and minimum value of function are 112 and 108 .
 𝒚−𝒙 𝒛−𝒙 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒖
Q.3(a) If u = f( , ) , show that 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 +𝒛𝟐 = 𝟎. [6]
𝒙𝒚 𝒙𝒛 𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒛

Ans : let u = f(r,s)

𝒚−𝒙 𝒛−𝒙
∴r= ∴s=
𝒙𝒚 𝒙𝒛
𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒓 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒔 𝝏𝒖 𝟏 𝝏𝒖 −𝟏
∴ = + = + ( 𝟐)
𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒓 𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒔 𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒓 𝒙𝟐 𝝏𝒔 𝒙

𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒓 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒔 𝝏𝒖 (−𝟏) 𝝏𝒖
= + = + (𝟎)
𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒓 𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒔 𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒓 𝒚𝟐 𝝏𝒔

𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒓 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒔 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒖 𝟏
= + = (𝟎) + ( 𝟐)
𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒓 𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒔 𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒓 𝝏𝒔 𝒛

𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒖
∴ 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 +𝒛𝟐 = − − +
𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒓 𝝏𝒔 𝝏𝒓 𝝏𝒔

𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒖
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 +𝒛𝟐 =𝟎 Hence proved.
𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒛

𝟏 𝟏
(b) Using encoding matrix [ ] ,encode & decode the message
𝟎 𝟏
“MUMBAI”. [6]
𝟏 𝟏
Ans : Encoding matrix : A = [ ]
𝟎 𝟏
Message is : MUMBAI.
The given message in matrix form is :
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟑 𝟏
B=[ ]
𝟐𝟏 𝟐 𝟗
Encoded message in matrix form is given by ,
C = A.B
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟑 𝟏
=[
][ ]
𝟎 𝟏 𝟐𝟏 𝟐 𝟗
𝟑𝟒 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟎
∴ C = [ ]
𝟐𝟏 𝟐 𝟗
 Encoded message is : 34 21 15 2 10 9
GUOBJI
Decoded matrix is given by ,
B = 𝑨−𝟏 . 𝑪
𝟏 −𝟏 𝟑𝟒 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟎
=[ ][ ]
𝟎 𝟏 𝟐𝟏 𝟐 𝟗
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟑 𝟏
∴B = [ ]
𝟐𝟏 𝟐 𝟗
Decoded message : MUMBAI

𝝅 𝒊𝒙
(c) Prove that log[tan( + )]=i.𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 ( 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉𝒙) [8]
𝟒 𝟐
𝝅 𝒊𝒙
Ans : L.H.S = log[tan( + )]
𝟒 𝟐
𝒊𝒙
𝟏+𝒕𝒂𝒏 ( )
𝟐
= log [ 𝒊𝒙 ]
𝟏−𝒕𝒂𝒏 ( )
𝟐

𝒊𝒙 𝒊𝒙
= log [1+ 𝒕𝒂𝒏 ( )] – log [𝟏 − 𝒕𝒂𝒏 ( )]
𝟐 𝟐
𝒙 𝒙
= log [1+i.tanh ] − log [1-itan𝒉 ]
𝟐 𝟐

We have ,
𝟏 𝒃
log (a+ib)= 𝒍𝒐𝒈(𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 ) + 𝒊 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 ( )
𝟐 𝒂
𝟏 𝒙 𝒙 𝟏 𝒙 𝒙
∴ = 𝟐 𝒍𝒐𝒈 (𝟏 + 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒉𝟐 𝟐) + 𝒊 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 (𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒉 𝟐) − [𝟐 𝒍𝒐𝒈 (𝟏 + 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒉𝟐 𝟐) − 𝒊 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 (𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒉 𝟐)]
𝒙
= 2i[𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 (𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒉 𝟐)]
𝒙
L.H.S = 2i. 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 (𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒉 𝟐)

R.H.S = i.𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 ( 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉𝒙)

We know that 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉−𝟏 𝒙 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈(𝒙 + √𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 )

𝟏 𝒙+𝟏
𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒉−𝟏 𝒙 = [𝒍𝒐𝒈( )]
𝟐 𝟏−𝒙
 𝒙
= i𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 (𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒉 𝟐)

Also 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉−𝟏 (𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙) = 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒉−𝟏 (𝒙)

𝒙
R.H.S = i. 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 (𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒉 𝟐)
𝝅 𝒊𝒙
log[tan( + )]=i.𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 ( 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉𝒙)
𝟒 𝟐

Q.4(a) Obtain tan 5𝜽 in terms of tan 𝜽 & show that

𝒙 𝒙
1-10𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 + 𝟓𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟒 =𝟎 [6]
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟓𝜽
Ans : we have tan 5𝜽 =
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟓𝜽

(𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 + 𝒊 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽)𝒏 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒏𝜽 + 𝒊 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒏𝜽

Put n=5 ,
∴ 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟓𝜽 + 𝒊 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟓𝜽 = (𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 + 𝒊 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽)𝟓
= 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟓 𝜽+5𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟒 𝜽. 𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 + 𝟏𝟎𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑 𝜽. (𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽)𝟐
+10𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽. (𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽)𝟑 + 𝟓𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽. (𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽)𝟒 + 𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟓 𝜽
= [𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟓 𝜽 − 𝟏𝟎𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑 𝜽. (𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽)𝟐
+ 𝟓𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽. (𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽)𝟒 ] +[5𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟒 𝜽. 𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
- 10𝒊𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽. (𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽)𝟑 + 𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟓 𝜽]
Compare real and imaginary parts
cos 5𝜽=[𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟓 𝜽 − 𝟏𝟎𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑 𝜽. (𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽)𝟐 + 𝟓𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽. (𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽)𝟒
sin 5𝜽 = +[𝟓𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟒 𝜽. 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 − 𝟏𝟎𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽. (𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽)𝟑 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟓 𝜽 ]
[𝟓𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟒 𝜽.𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽−𝟏𝟎𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽.(𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽)𝟑 +𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟓 𝜽 ]
tan 5𝜽 =
[𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟓 𝜽− 𝟏𝟎𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑 𝜽.(𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽)𝟐 + 𝟓𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽.(𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽)𝟒

𝟓𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽−𝟏𝟎𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟑 𝜽+𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟓 𝜽
tan 5𝜽 =
𝟏−𝟏𝟎𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝜽+𝟓𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟒 𝜽
𝝅
put 𝜽 =
𝟏𝟎
 𝒙 𝒙
1-10𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 + 𝟓𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟒 =𝟎
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎

−𝟏 𝒙
(b) If y=𝒆𝐭𝐚𝐧 . Prove that
(𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 )𝒚𝒏+𝟐 + [𝟐(𝒏 + 𝟏)𝒙 − 𝟏]𝒚𝒏+𝟏 + 𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏)𝒚𝒏 = 𝟎 [6]
−𝟏 𝒙
Ans : y = 𝒆𝐭𝐚𝐧 ……..(1)
Diff. w.r.t x ,
−𝟏 𝒙 𝟏
𝒚𝟏 = 𝒆𝐭𝐚𝐧
𝒙𝟐 +𝟏
−𝟏 𝒙
(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏)𝒚𝟏 = 𝒆𝐭𝐚𝐧 =𝒚 --------(from 1)
Again diff. w.r.t x,
(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏)𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙𝒚𝟏 = 𝒚𝟏 ……………(1)
Now take n th derivative by applying Leibnitz theorem,
Leibnitz theorem is :
(𝒖𝒗)𝒏 = 𝒖𝒏 𝒗 + 𝒏𝟏𝑪𝒖𝒏−𝟏 𝒗𝟏 + 𝒏𝟐𝑪𝒖𝒏−𝟐 𝒗𝟐 + ⋯ + 𝒖𝒗𝒏
𝒖 = (𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏), 𝒗 = 𝒚𝟐 …for first term in eqn (1)
𝒖 = 𝟐𝒙 , 𝒗 = 𝒚𝟏 …for second term in eqn (1)
∴ (𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 )𝒚𝒏+𝟐 + 𝟐(𝒏 + 𝟏)𝒙𝒚𝒏+𝟏 + 𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏)𝒚𝒏 − 𝒚𝒏+𝟏 = 𝟎

∴ (𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 )𝒚𝒏+𝟐 + [𝟐(𝒏 + 𝟏)𝒙 − 𝟏]𝒚𝒏+𝟏 + 𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏)𝒚𝒏 = 𝟎

Hence Proved.

(c) i. Express (𝟐𝒙𝟑 + 𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟖𝒙 + 𝟕) in terms of (x-2) using Taylor’s

Series. [4]
 𝒙𝟑 𝒙𝟓
ii. Prove that 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 𝒙 = 𝒙 − + +⋯ [4]
𝟑 𝟓

Ans : i. let f(x)= 𝟐𝒙𝟑 + 𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟖𝒙 + 𝟕

Here a = 2
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙𝟑 + 𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟖𝒙 + 𝟕 𝒇(𝟐) = 𝟏𝟗
𝒇′ (𝒙) = 𝟔𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟖 𝒇′ (𝟐) = 𝟐𝟖
𝒇′′ (𝒙) = 𝟏𝟐𝒙 + 𝟔 𝒇′′ (𝟐) = 𝟑𝟎
𝒇′′′ (𝒙) = 𝒇′′′ (𝟐) = 𝟏𝟐
Taylor’s series is :
(𝒙−𝒂)𝟐
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒇(𝒂) + (𝒙 − 𝒂)𝒇′ (𝒂) + 𝒇′′ (𝒂) + ⋯
𝟐!

(𝒙−𝟐)𝟐 (𝒙−𝒂)𝟑
𝟐𝒙𝟑 + 𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟖𝒙 + 𝟕 = 𝟏𝟗 + (𝒙 − 𝟐)𝟐𝟖 + 𝟑𝟎 + 𝟏𝟐
𝟐! 𝟑!

𝟐𝒙𝟑 + 𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟖𝒙 + 𝟕 = 𝟏𝟗 + 𝟐𝟖(𝒙 − 𝟐) + 𝟏𝟓(𝒙 − 𝟐)𝟐 + 𝟐(𝒙 − 𝟐)𝟑

ii. let y = 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 𝒙

diff. w.r.t x ,
𝟏
∴ 𝒚𝟏 =
𝒙𝟐 +𝟏

Series expansion of 𝒚𝟏 ,
We know that ,
𝟏
= 𝟏 − 𝒙 + 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟑 + ⋯
𝟏+𝒙

∴ 𝒚𝟏 = 𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙𝟒 − 𝒙𝟓
Integrate 𝒚𝟏 to find series expansion of y,

∴ y = ∫(𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙𝟒 − 𝒙𝟓 + ⋯ )𝒅𝒙
 𝒙𝟑 𝒙𝟓
∴ y=x- + -…
𝟑 𝟓

Hence Proved .
𝒚 𝒙
Q.5(a) If z=𝒙𝟐 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 − 𝒚𝟐 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 𝝏
𝒙 𝒚

𝝏𝟐 𝒛 𝒙𝟐 −𝒚𝟐
Prove that = [6]
𝝏𝒚𝝏𝒙 𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐
𝒚 𝒙
Ans : z=𝒙𝟐 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 − 𝒚𝟐 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏
𝒙 𝒚

Diff. w.r.t. x partially ,

𝝏𝒛 𝒙𝟐 −𝒚 𝒚 𝒚𝟐 𝟏
= 𝒙𝟐 × + 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 . 𝟐𝒙 − 𝒚𝟐 ×
𝝏𝒙 𝒙𝟐 +𝒚 𝟐 𝒙𝟐 𝒙 𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐 𝒚

𝒙𝟐 −𝒚 𝒙 𝒚𝟑
= × + 2x𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 −
𝒙𝟐 +𝒚 𝟐 𝟏 𝒚 𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐

Diff. w.r.t y partially ,

𝝏𝟐 𝒛 𝟐𝒚 𝟏 𝒙𝟐 𝟐𝒚 𝟑𝒚𝟐
= −𝒙𝟐 [−𝒚. + ]+𝟐 − [−𝒚𝟑 . + ]
𝝏𝒚𝝏𝒙 (𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐 ) 𝟐 𝒙𝟐 +𝒚 𝟐 𝒙𝟐 +𝒚 𝟐 (𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐 ) 𝟐 𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐

𝟐𝒚𝟑 𝒙𝟐 −𝒙𝟐 𝒙𝟐 𝟐𝒚𝟒 𝟑𝒚𝟐

= [. + ]+𝟐 + −
(𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐 ) 𝟐 𝒙𝟐 +𝒚 𝟐 𝒙𝟐 +𝒚 𝟐 (𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐 ) 𝟐 𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐

(𝒙𝟐 −𝒚𝟐 )𝟐 × (𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐 )𝟏

=
(𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐 )𝟐 (𝒙𝟐 −𝒚𝟐 )𝟏

𝒙𝟐 −𝒚𝟐
=
𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐

𝝏𝟐 𝒛 𝒙𝟐 −𝒚𝟐
∴ = Hence proved.
𝝏𝒚𝝏𝒙 𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐

(b) Investigate for what values of 𝝁 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝝀 the equations :2x+3y+5z=9

7x+3y-2z =8
2x+3y+𝜆z=𝝁
Have (i) no solution (ii) unique solution (iii) Infinite value [6]
Ans : Given eqn : 2x+3y+5z=9
 7x+3y-2z =8
2x+3y+𝜆z=𝝁
AX=B
𝟐 𝟑 𝟓 𝒙 𝟗
∴ [𝟕 𝟑 −𝟐] [𝒚]=[𝟖]
𝟐 𝟑 𝝀 𝒛 𝝁
𝟐 𝟑 𝟓 𝟗
Argumented matrix is : [𝟕 𝟑 −𝟐 𝟖]
𝟐 𝟑 𝝀 𝝁
𝑹𝟑 − 𝑹𝟏 ,
𝟐 𝟑 𝟓 𝟔
→ [𝟕 𝟑 −𝟐 𝟒 ]
𝟎 𝟎 𝝀−𝟓 𝝁−𝟗

(i) When 𝜆=5,𝝁 ≠ 𝟗 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒓(𝒂) = 𝟐, 𝒓(𝑨 ⋮ 𝑩) = 𝟑

r(A)≠ 𝒓(𝑨 ⋮ 𝑩)
No Solution.
(ii) When 𝜆≠5,𝝁 ≠ 𝟗 , 𝒓(𝑨) = 𝒓(𝑨 ⋮ 𝑩) = 𝟑
Unique solution exist.
(iii) When 𝜆=5,𝝁 = 𝟗 𝒓(𝑨) = 𝒓(𝑨 ⋮ 𝑩) = 𝟐 < 𝟑
Infinite solution.

(c) Obtain the root of 𝒙𝟑 − 𝒙 − 𝟏 = 𝟎 by Newton Raphson Method

(upto three decimal places). [8]
Ans : Equation : 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟓 = 𝟎
∴ 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟓
𝒇(𝟎) = −𝟓 < 𝟎 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒇(𝟏) = −𝟐 < 𝟎 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒇(𝟐) = 𝟕 > 𝟎.
 Root of given eqn lies between 1 and 2.
𝒇′ (𝒙) = 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐
Let take 𝒙𝟎 = 𝟐
𝒇(𝒙𝟎 )
𝒙𝟏 = 𝒙𝟎 −
𝒇′ (𝒙𝟎 )

𝟕
=2- = 𝟏. 𝟓
𝟏𝟒

Next iteration :
𝒇(𝒙𝟏 )
∴ 𝒙𝟐 = 𝒙𝟏 −
𝒇′ (𝒙𝟏 )

= 1.343
𝒇(𝒙𝟐 )
∴ 𝒙𝟑 = 𝒙𝟐 − = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟐𝟗
𝒇′ (𝒙𝟐 )

For next iteration :

𝒇(𝒙𝟑 ) 𝒇(𝟏.𝟑𝟐𝟗)
∴ 𝒙𝟒 = 𝒙𝟑 − = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟐𝟗 −
𝒇′ (𝒙𝟑 ) 𝒇′ (𝟏.𝟑𝟐𝟗)

= 1.3283
The root of eqn is x = 1.3283

Q.6(a) Find tanhx if 5sinhx-coshx = 5 [6]

Ans : 5sinhx-coshx = 5
𝒆𝒙 −𝒆−𝒙 𝒆𝒙 +𝒆−𝒙
But sinhx = coshx =
𝟐 𝟐
𝒆𝒙 −𝒆−𝒙 𝒆𝒙 +𝒆−𝒙
∴ 5[ ]–[ ]=5
𝟐 𝟐

∴ 𝟓𝒆𝒙 − 𝟓𝒆−𝒙 − 𝒆𝒙 − 𝒆−𝒙 = 𝟏𝟎

∴ 𝟒𝒆𝟐𝒙 −𝟏𝟎𝒆𝒙 − 𝟔 = 𝟎
 −𝟏
Roots are : 𝒆𝒙 = 𝟑 , 𝒆𝒙 =
𝟐
𝟏
𝒆𝒙 −𝒆−𝒙 (− )+𝟐 −𝟑
𝟐
∴ tanhx = = =
𝒆𝒙 +𝒆−𝒙 −𝟓/𝟐 𝟓

Or
𝒆𝒙 −𝒆−𝒙 𝟑−𝟏/𝟑 𝟒
∴ tanhx = = =
𝒆𝒙 +𝒆−𝒙 𝟑+𝟏/𝟑 𝟓

−𝟑 𝟒
The values of tanhx are : 𝒐𝒓
𝟓 𝟓

𝒙+𝒚 𝟏
(b) If u = 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 ( √𝒙+√𝒚), 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 i. 𝒙𝒖𝒙 + 𝒚𝒖𝒚 = tanu
𝟐
−𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒖.𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒖
ii. 𝒙𝟐 𝒖𝒙𝒙 + 𝟐𝒙𝒚𝒖𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 𝒖𝒚𝒚 = [6]
𝟒𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑 𝒖

𝒙+𝒚
Ans : u = 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 ( )
√𝒙+√𝒚

Put x = xt and y = yt to find degree.

𝒙𝒕+𝒚𝒕
∴ u=𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 ( )
√𝒙𝒕+√𝒚𝒕
𝟏
𝒙+𝒚
∴ sin u = 𝒕𝟏/𝟐 . = 𝒕𝟐 . 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚)
√𝒙+√𝒚

The function sin u is homogeneous with degree ½.

But sin u is the function of u and u is the function of x and y.
By Euler’s theorem ,
𝒇(𝒖) 𝟏
𝒙𝒖𝒙 + 𝒚𝒖𝒚 = 𝑮(𝒖) = 𝒏. = tanu
𝒇′ (𝒖) 𝟐

𝟏
∴ 𝒙𝒖𝒙 + 𝒚𝒖𝒚 = tanu
𝟐

∴ 𝒙𝟐 𝒖𝒙𝒙 + 𝟐𝒙𝒚𝒖𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 𝒖𝒚𝒚 = 𝑮(𝒖)[𝑮′ (𝒖) − 𝟏]

𝟏 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝒖−𝟐
= 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒖[ ]
𝟐 𝟐
 𝟏 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝒖−𝟏
= 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒖[ ]
𝟒 𝟏

𝟏 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒖 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒖−𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒖

= × [ ]
𝟒 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒖 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒖
−𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒖.𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒖
∴ 𝒙𝟐 𝒖𝒙𝒙 + 𝟐𝒙𝒚𝒖𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 𝒖𝒚𝒚 =
𝟒𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑 𝒖

Hence Proved.

(c) Solve the following system of equation by Gauss Siedal Method,

20x+y-2z=17
3x+20y-z =-18
2x-3y+20z=𝟐𝟓 [8]
Ans : By Gauss Seidal method ,
Given eqn : 20x+y-2z=17
3x+20y-z =-18
2x-3y+20z=𝟐𝟓
From given eqn : |20|>|1|+|-2|
|20|>|3|+|-1|
|20|>|2|+|-3|
The given eqn are in correct order.
𝟏
∴ 𝒙= [𝟏𝟕 − 𝒚 + 𝟐𝒛]
𝟐𝟎
𝟏
∴ 𝒚= [−𝟏𝟖 − 𝟑𝒙 + 𝒛]
𝟐𝟎
𝟏
∴ 𝒛= [𝟐𝟓 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚]
𝟐𝟎

I) For 1st iteration : take 𝒚 = 𝟎, 𝒛 = 𝟎

𝟏
𝒙= [𝟏𝟕] = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓
𝟐𝟎
 𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 , 𝒛 = 𝟎 gives 𝒚 = −𝟏. 𝟎𝟐𝟕𝟓
𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓, 𝒚 = −𝟏. 𝟎𝟐𝟕𝟓 gives 𝒙𝟑 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟏𝟎𝟗
II) For 2nd iteration : take 𝒚 = −𝟏. 𝟎𝟐𝟕𝟓, 𝒛 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟏𝟎𝟗
𝟏
𝒙= [𝟏𝟕 + 𝟏. 𝟎𝟐𝟕𝟓 − 𝟐(𝟏. 𝟎𝟏𝟎𝟗)] = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟓
𝟐𝟎

𝒙 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟓, 𝒛 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟏𝟎𝟗 gives 𝒚 = −𝟎. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟖

𝒙 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟓, 𝒚 = −𝟎. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟖 gives 𝒛 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟖
III) For 3rd iteration : 𝒚 = −𝟎. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟖, 𝒛 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟖
𝟏
𝒙𝟏 = [𝟏𝟕 + 𝟎. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟖 + 𝟐(𝟎. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟖)] = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟎
𝟐𝟎

𝒙 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟎, 𝒛 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟖 gives 𝒚 = −𝟏. 𝟎𝟎

𝒙 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟎, 𝒚 = −𝟏. 𝟎𝟎 gives 𝒛 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟎
Result : 𝒙 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟎, 𝒚 = −𝟏. 𝟎𝟎, 𝒛 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟎