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    Set 1

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    SET 1

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    7 views2 pages

    Set 1

    Uploaded by

    rajendranshyma
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    of 2

    STD IX

    SET 1
    HISTORY NOTES
    CHP 5. PASTORALISTS IN THE MODERN WORLD

    TERMS
    1. Bhabar – A dry forested area below the foothills of Garhwal and
    Kumaon.
    2. Bugyal – Vast meadows in the high mountains.
    3. Kharif–The autumn crop, usually harvested between September and
    October.
    4. Rabi – The spring crop, usually harvested after March.
    5. Stubble – Lower ends of grain stalks left in the ground after harvesting.
    6. Customary rights - Rights that people are used to by custom and
    tradition.

    Q & A:
    1) Who were Nomads?
    Ans: Nomads are people who do not live in one place but move from
    one area to another to earn their living.

    2) Explain the life of Gujjar Bakarwals of Jammu & Kashmir.


    ANS:
     The Gujjar Bakarwals of Jammu and Kashmir are great herders of goat
    and sheep.
     Many of them migrated to this region in the nineteenth century in
    search of pastures for their animals.
     In winter, when the high mountains were covered with snow, they
    lived with their herds in the low hills of the Siwalik range. The dry
    scrub forests here provided pasture for their herds.
     By the end of April they began their northern march for their summer
    grazing grounds.
     Several households came together for this journey, forming what is
    known as a kafila. They crossed the Pir Panjal passes and entered the
    valley of Kashmir.
     By end September the Bakarwals were on the move again, this time on
    their downward journey, back to their winter base.
    3) Explain the annual seasonal movement of Dhangars.
    Ans:
     Dhangars were an important pastoral community of Maharashtra.
     The Dhangar shepherds stayed in the central plateau of Maharashtra
    during the monsoon.
     This was a semi-arid region with low rainfall and poor soil. It was
    covered with thorny scrub. Nothing but dry crops like bajra could be
    sown here.
     In the monsoon this tract became a vast grazing ground for the
    Dhangar flocks.
     By October the Dhangars harvested their bajra and started on their
    move west.
     After a march of about a month they reached the Konkan. This was a
    flourishing agricultural tract with high rainfall and rich soil.

    4) State the difference between “Reserved Forest” and “Protected


    Forest”.
    ANS:
    Reserved Forest :
    Some forests which produced commercially valuable timber like
    deodar or sal were declared Reserved. No pastoralist was allowed
    access to these forests.
    Protected Forest:
    In these, some customary grazing rights of pastoralists were granted
    but their movements were severely restricted.

    5) How did the Pastoralists cope with these changes?


    ANS:
     Some reduced the number of cattle in their herds, since there was not
    enough pasture to feed large numbers.
     Others discovered new pastures when movement to old grazing
    grounds became difficult.
     Richer pastoralists began buying land and settling down, giving up their
    nomadic life. Some became settled peasants cultivating land, others
    took to more extensive trading.
     Many poor pastoralists, on the other hand, borrowed money from
    moneylenders to survive.
     At times they lost their cattle and sheep and became labourers,
    working on fields or in small towns.

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