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Binomial S

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15 views4 pages

Binomial S

Uploaded by

uazeez478
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The binomial theorem is a fundamental concept in algebra that provides a formula for

expanding expressions raised to a power. Specifically, it deals with the expansion of a


binomial expression, which is a polynomial with exactly two terms, raised to a positive
integer power.

Let's break down the theorem:

1. Binomial Expression: A binomial expression is written in the form (x+y)(x+y), where


xx and yy are any algebraic terms.
2. Raising to a Power: When you raise this binomial expression to a positive integer
power nn, such as (x+y)n(x+y)n, the binomial theorem provides a way to expand this
expression into a sum of multiple terms.
3. Expansion Formula: According to the binomial theorem, the expanded form of
(x+y)n(x+y)n will be a sum of terms, each of which is in the form axbycaxbyc. Here:
○ aa is the coefficient of the term.
○ xx and yy are the terms from the original binomial.
○ bb and cc are the exponents of xx and yy, respectively.
○ The exponents bb and cc are nonnegative integers (i.e., they are whole
numbers greater than or equal to zero).
○ The sum of the exponents bb and cc equals nn (i.e., b+c=nb+c=n).
4. Coefficients: The coefficient aa in each term of the expansion is
determined by a specific pattern involving binomial coefficients. These
coefficients are positive integers that are calculated using combinations,
denoted as (nb)(bn) (read as "n choose b"). They represent the number of
ways to choose bb elements from nn elements, which is mathematically
expressed as:
(nb)=n!b!(n−b)!(bn)=b!(n−b)!n!
where n!n! denotes the factorial of nn.
5. Example: For a concrete example, consider (x+y)3(x+y)3. According to the
binomial theorem, this can be expanded into:
(x+y)3=(30)x3y0+(31)x2y1+(32)x1y2+(33)x0y3(x+y)3=(03)x3y0+(13
)x2y1+(23)x1y2+(33)x0y3
Simplifying this, we get:
(x+y)3=1⋅x3+3⋅x2y+3⋅xy2+1⋅y3(x+y)3=1⋅x3+3⋅x2y+3⋅xy2+1⋅y3
Here, the coefficients 1, 3, 3, and 1 are the binomial coefficients for
n=3n=3.

The binomial theorem allows us to systematically expand expressions of the form


(x+y)n(x+y)n into a sum of terms with coefficients that follow a specific pattern, making it
easier to work with and simplify such

For example, for n = 4,


(x + y)**4 = x**4 + 4x**3y + 6x**2y**2 + 4xy**3 + y**4
The coefficient a in the term of axbyc is known as the binomial coefficient (the two have the
same value). These coefficients for varying n and b can be arranged to form Pascal's
triangle. These numbers also occur in combinatorics, where ... gives the number of different
combinations of b elements that can be chosen from an n-element set. Therefore it is often
pronounced as "n choose b".

Using Python to Solve Binomial Series: Evaluating the Expansion of a Given Binomial
Expression
1. Introduction: The binomial theorem allows for the expansion of expressions in the
form (x+y)n(x+y)n. Python can be a powerful tool for automating this process,
especially when dealing with complex or large values of nn. By leveraging libraries
like numpy or sympy, you can efficiently compute the expansion of binomial
expressions.

Import Necessary Libraries: Python libraries like numpy and sympy can handle symbolic
computations and numerical calculations. For symbolic mathematics, sympy is often
preferred, but numpy can also be used for numeric computations.
python
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import numpy as np
import sympy as sp

2.

Define Variables: In your binomial expression (x+y)n(x+y)n, you need to define xx and yy as
symbols or variables. This allows Python to handle them symbolically or numerically.
python
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x, y = sp.symbols('x y')

3.

Define the Exponent (n): Set the exponent nn for the binomial expansion. This determines
the degree of the polynomial expansion.
python
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n = 5 # You can change this value to any positive integer

4.

Calculate Binomial Coefficients: Binomial coefficients are computed using the


formula (nk)=n!k!(n−k)!(kn)=k!(n−k)!n!, where kk ranges from 0 to nn. In
Python, you can compute these coefficients using a loop or pre-built functions.
python
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coefficients = [sp.binomial(n, k) for k in range(n + 1)]

5.

Initialize the Expanded Expression: Create an empty string or a symbolic expression to


store the final expanded form of (x+y)n(x+y)n.
python
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expanded_expression = 0

6.
Calculate the Expanded Expression: Iterate over the range of coefficients to compute
each term of the expansion and add it to the expression.
python
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for k in range(n + 1):
term = coefficients[k] * (x**(n - k)) * (y**k)
expanded_expression += term

7.

Print the Result: Output the final expanded expression to see the result. In sympy, you can
use expand to simplify and display the expression.
python
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print("Expanded Expression:", sp.expand(expanded_expression))

8.

Example Code: Here’s a complete Python script that calculates and prints the expansion of
(x+y)5(x+y)5:
python
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import sympy as sp

# Define variables
x, y = sp.symbols('x y')

# Define the exponent


n = 5

# Calculate binomial coefficients


coefficients = [sp.binomial(n, k) for k in range(n + 1)]

# Initialize the expanded expression


expanded_expression = 0

# Calculate the expanded expression


for k in range(n + 1):
term = coefficients[k] * (x**(n - k)) * (y**k)
expanded_expression += term

# Print the result


print("Expanded Expression:", sp.expand(expanded_expression))

9.
10. Adaptation for Different Scenarios: This approach can be adapted to handle both
positive and negative exponents by modifying the value of nn and adjusting the
calculation of terms accordingly. For negative exponents, you might need to handle
the series expansion differently, often involving the binomial series for negative
integers.

In summary, Python provides a flexible and powerful way to compute binomial expansions,
whether for educational purposes or more complex calculations. By defining variables,
calculating coefficients, and building the expression programmatically, you can easily
manage and manipulate binomial expressions.

When the code is run, it gives us the expanded form of the binomial series. Examples were
built into the code due to the conditions necessary to fulfill in order for a specific expansion
problem to be evaluated successfully. However, it can be modified to solve more complex
problems.

EXAMPLES
Evaluate the expansion of (x + 2y)^1.5.
Using the Python program,
PS C:\Users\hp> python -u "c:\Users\hp\Desktop\num.py" Expanded Expression for n = 1.5
is 2*x^1.5 + 3.0xy
Evaluate the expansion of (x + y)^-3.
Using the Python program,
PS C:\Users\hp> python -u "c:\Users\hp\Desktop\num.py"
Expanded Expression for n = -3 is 1*y^-3 + -3.0x*y^-4 + 6.0*x^2*y^-5 + -10.0*x^3*y^-6

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