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Java Unit-5

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107 views6 pages

Java Unit-5

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web
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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UNIT-5(OOPS Through Java)

Java Packages
1. What is package and explain types of packages ?
A java package is a group of similar types of classes, interfaces and sub-packages.
Package in java can be categorized in two form,
1. Built-in package and
2. User-defined package.
There are many built-in packages such as java, lang, awt, javax, swing, net, io, util, sql etc.
Here, we will have the detailed learning of creating and using user-defined packages.

Advantage of Java Package


1) Java package is used to categorize the classes and interfaces so that they can be easily
maintained.
2) Java package provides access protection and code reusability.
3) Java package removes naming collision.
Simple example of java package
The package keyword is used to create a package in java.
1. //save as Simple.java
2. package mypack;
3. public class Simple{
4. public static void main(String args[]){
5. System.out.println("Welcome to package");
6. }
7. }
How to compile java package
If you are not using any IDE, you need to follow the syntax given below:
javac -d directory javafilename
For example
javac -d . Simple.java
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The -d switch specifies the destination where to put the generated class file. You can use any
directory name like d:/abc (in case of windows) etc. If you want to keep the package within the
same directory, you can use . (dot).
How to run java package program
You need to use fully qualified name e.g. mypack.Simple etc to run the class.
To Compile: javac -d . Simple.java
To Run: java mypack.Simple
Output:Welcome to package
The -d is a switch that tells the compiler where to put the class file i.e. it represents
destination. The . represents the current folder.

2. How to access package from another package?


There are two ways to access the package from outside the package.
1. import package.*;
2. import package.classname;
1) Using packagename.*
If you use package.* then all the classes and interfaces of this package will be accessible but not
subpackages.
The import keyword is used to make the classes and interface of another package accessible to
the current package.
Example of package that import the packagename.*
1. //save by A.java
2. package pack;
3. public class A{
4. public void msg(){System.out.println("Hello");}
5. }
1. //save by B.java
2. package mypack;
3. import pack.*;
4.
5. class B{
6. public static void main(String args[]){
7. A obj = new A();
8. obj.msg();
9. }
10. }
Output:Hello
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2) Using packagename.classname
If you import package.classname then only declared class of this package will be accessible.
Example of package by import package.classname
1. //save by A.java
2.
3. package pack;
4. public class A{
5. public void msg(){System.out.println("Hello");}
6. }
1. //save by B.java
2. package mypack;
3. import pack.A;
4.
5. class B{
6. public static void main(String args[]){
7. A obj = new A();
8. obj.msg();
9. }
10. }
Output:Hello

Java - Applet Basics


3.What ia an applet? Give me difference between applet and java application?

An applet is a Java program that runs in a Web browser. Applet is a special type of program that
is embedded in the webpage to generate the dynamic content. It runs inside the browser and
works at client side.
There are some important differences between an applet and a standalone Java
application, including the following −
 An applet is a Java class that extends the java.applet.Applet class.
 A main() method is not invoked on an applet, and an applet class will not define main().
 Applets are designed to be embedded within an HTML page.
 When a user views an HTML page that contains an applet, the code for the applet is
downloaded to the user's machine.
 A JVM is required to view an applet. The JVM can be either a plug-in of the Web
browser or a separate runtime environment.
 The JVM on the user's machine creates an instance of the applet class and invokes
various methods during the applet's lifetime.
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 Applets have strict security rules that are enforced by the Web browser. The security of
an applet is often referred to as sandbox security, comparing the applet to a child playing
in a sandbox with various rules that must be followed.
 Other classes that the applet needs can be downloaded in a single Java Archive (JAR)
file.

Advantage of Applet
There are many advantages of applet. They are as follows:
o It works at client side so less response time.
o Secured
o It can be executed by browsers running under many platforms, including Linux,
Windows, Mac Os etc.
Drawback of Applet
o Plug-in is required at client browser to execute applet.
4.Explain about life cycle of applet ?
Lifecycle phases : Java Applet have following phases.
1. Applet is initialized.
2. Applet is started.
3. Applet is painted.
4. Applet is stopped.
5. Applet is destroyed.
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Lifecycle methods for Applet:


The java.applet.Applet class 4 life cycle methods and java.awt.Component class provides 1 life
cycle methods for an applet.
java.applet.Applet class
For creating any applet java.applet.Applet class must be inherited. It provides 4 life cycle
methods of applet.
1. public void init(): is used to initialized the Applet. It is invoked only once.
2. public void start(): is invoked after the init() method or browser is maximized. It is used
to start the Applet.
3. public void stop(): is used to stop the Applet. It is invoked when Applet is stop or
browser is minimized.
4. public void destroy(): is used to destroy the Applet. It is invoked only once.
java.awt.Component class
The Component class provides 1 life cycle method of applet.
1. public void paint(Graphics g): is used to paint the Applet. It provides Graphics class
object that can be used for drawing oval, rectangle, arc etc.

5. How to run an Applet?


There are two ways to run an applet
1. By html file.
2. By applet Viewer tool (for testing purpose).

Simple example of Applet by html file:


To execute the applet by html file, create an applet and compile it. After that create an html file
and place the applet code in html file. Now click the html file.
1. //First.java
2. import java.applet.Applet;
3. import java.awt.Graphics;
4. public class First extends Applet{
5. public void paint(Graphics g){
6. g.drawString("welcome",150,150);
7. }
8. }
myapplet.html
1. <html>
2. <body>
3. <applet code="First.class" width="300" height="300">
4. </applet>
5. </body>
6. </html>
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UNIT-5(OOPS Through Java)

Simple example of Applet by appletviewer tool:


To execute the applet by appletviewer tool, create an applet that contains applet tag in comment
and compile it. After that run it by: appletviewer First.java. Now Html file is not required but it
is for testing purpose only.
1. //First.java
2. import java.applet.Applet;
3. import java.awt.Graphics;
4. public class First extends Applet{
5. public void paint(Graphics g){
6. g.drawString("welcome to applet",150,150);
7. }
8. }
9. /*
10. <applet code="First.class" width="300" height="300">
11. </applet>
12. */
To execute the applet by appletviewer tool, write in command prompt:
c:\>javac First.java
c:\>appletviewer First.java

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