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Column Space and Nullspace

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6 views14 pages

Column Space and Nullspace

Uploaded by

tergelamarjargal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATH 202 Linear Algebra

Column Space and Nullspace

Pengzhan Guo

Data Science, Duke Kunshan University

Pengzhan Guo (DKU) MATH 202 Column Space and Nullspace 1 / 14


Review

Matrix
Permutations
Transpose matrix
Symmetric matrix
Vector space
Column space

Pengzhan Guo (DKU) MATH 202 Column Space and Nullspace 2 / 14


Subspace of R 3

What is R 3 ?
What is the subspace of R 3 ?

Pengzhan Guo (DKU) MATH 202 Column Space and Nullspace 3 / 14


Subspace

Assuming that P, L are two subspaces:


Can you write down the two requirements for subspace?
P ∪ L?
P ∩ L?

Pengzhan Guo (DKU) MATH 202 Column Space and Nullspace 4 / 14


Column Space

 
1 1 2
 2 1 3 
A=
 3

1 4 
4 1 5

The column space of A is the subspace of R ? ?


What’s in the column space of A?
Does the column space of A fill out the whole R?

Pengzhan Guo (DKU) MATH 202 Column Space and Nullspace 5 / 14


Ax=b

 
1 1 2
 2 1 3 
A=
 3

1 4 
4 1 5

Does Ax=b always have a solution for every right hand side (b)?

Pengzhan Guo (DKU) MATH 202 Column Space and Nullspace 6 / 14


Ax=b

 
1 1 2
 2 1 3 
A=
 3

1 4 
4 1 5

Which b allows me to solve this linear equations?

Pengzhan Guo (DKU) MATH 202 Column Space and Nullspace 7 / 14


Ax=b

The system Ax=b is solvable if and only if b is in the column space of A.

Examples

Pengzhan Guo (DKU) MATH 202 Column Space and Nullspace 8 / 14


Ax=b

 
1 1 2
 2 1 3 
A=
 3

1 4 
4 1 5

Can I remove on column in A without change C(A)?

Pengzhan Guo (DKU) MATH 202 Column Space and Nullspace 9 / 14


Nullspace

The nullspace N(A) in R n contains all solutions x to Ax=0. This


includes x=0.

Pengzhan Guo (DKU) MATH 202 Column Space and Nullspace 10 / 14


Ax=0

 
1 1 2
 2 1 3 
A=
 3

1 4 
4 1 5

What’s in the nullspace of A?


Can you find elements in nullspace?

Pengzhan Guo (DKU) MATH 202 Column Space and Nullspace 11 / 14


Nullspace

How do I know that nullspace of A is a subspace?

Pengzhan Guo (DKU) MATH 202 Column Space and Nullspace 12 / 14


Solutions to Ax=b

   
1 1 2 1
 2 1 3   2 
A=
 3
, b =  
1 4   3 
4 1 5 4

Will the solutions x formulate a subspace?

Pengzhan Guo (DKU) MATH 202 Column Space and Nullspace 13 / 14


The End

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