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2nd Lecture

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18 views16 pages

2nd Lecture

Uploaded by

fqamar760
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Computer Hardware:

Definition:
The physical parts of the computer are called
hardware.
Components of computer:
Different components of computer system are
following:
Input device.
Output device.
System unit.
Storage device.
Communication device.
Input device:

Definition:
The data and instruction given to the computer is called input. A
hardware component used to enter data and instruction into a
computer is called input device.
Most commonly used input devices are as follow:
Keyboard.
Mouse.
Microphone.
Scanner.
Digital camera.
Pc camera.
Output device:

The data processed into useful information is called output.


A hardware component used to display information to the user is
called output device.
Most commonly used output devices are:
HDMI.
Monitor.
Printer.
Speaker.
System unit:

System unit is a box that contains different electronic components


of the computer used to process data. All computer system have a
system unit. The electronic components in system unit are
connected to the mother board. Mother board is also known as
system board or main board.
Two main components in a system unit are as follow:
C.P.U.
Memory.
Storage device:

The hardware component used to store data, instructions and


information permanently is called storage device.
It is also called non-volatile because its contents remain safe
when computer is turned off.
Some of the important storage devices are:
Hard disk drives.
Optical disk.
USB flash drive.
Communication device:

The hardware component used to communicate and exchange


data, instruction and information with other computer is called
communication device.
An important communication device is called modem. It enables
the computer to communicate with other computer via telephone
line, cable, wifi, infrared, and Bluetooth.
Difference between input device and
output device:
Input device Output device

Input device gives data Output device takes


and instructions to the information from the
computer. computer.
Input devices takes data Output devices takes
from the user and information from
convert it in a form of computer and convert
that is understandable by it in form that is
computer. understandable by the
Examples of input user
devices are keyboard Examples of output
and mouse. devices are monitor
and printer.
Memory:

Definition:
A component in the computer used for storing
instructions and data is called memory.
Types of memory:
There are two types of memory in computer.
Volatile memory (Primary).
Non-volatile memory (secondary).
Volatile memory:
It loses its contents when computer is turned
off.
R.A.M is the most common type of volatile memory.
Non-volatile memory:
It does not loses its contents when computer is
turned off.
ROM, flash drive, CD are examples of non-volatile memory.
R.A.M (Random Access Memory):

RAM is also known as direct access memory. It is used to store


data and instruction temporarily. A program must be loaded in
RAM before execution. It is read/write memory. It play very
important role in the processing speed of a computer. It is
measured in bytes. RAM is also called main memory or primary
memory.
Types of RAM:
D RAM.
S RAM.
M RAM.
D RAM:
Dynamic Random Access Memory.
S RAM:
Static Random Access Memory.
M RAM:
Magneto resistive Random Access Memory.
ROM(Read Only Memory):

The instructions in ROM prepare the computer for use. These


instructions can only be read but cannot be changed or deleted.
ROM stores data and instruction permanently. When the power is
switched off, the instructions stored in ROM are not lost. Therefore
ROM is called non-volatile memory.
Types of ROM:
There are three types of ROM:
P ROM.
EP ROM.
EEP ROM.
P ROM:
Programmable Read Only Memory
EP ROM:
Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
EEP ROM:
Electronically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory.
Difference between RAM and ROM:

RAM ROM

RAM is a temporary ROM is a permanent memory.


memory. The instructions written in ROM
RAM enables to be both can read but cannot be
read and written to memory changed or deleted.
and data can be changed It is not possible to write new
or deleted information or new information
Instructions in the RAM are
continuously changing as into the ROM.
different programs are When the power is turned off
executed and new data is the instructions stored in ROM
processed. are not lost. Therefore ROM is
When the power is turned non-volatile memory.
off all the programs and The instructions are written into
data is erased from RAM the ROM at the time of
therefore RAM is a volatile manufacturing
memory.
The instructions are written
into the RAM at the time of
execution.

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