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    Mod 2

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    Mod 2

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    Angeleeh
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    MOD 2

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    Mod 2

    Uploaded by

    Angeleeh

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 2

    Module two

    Values and Ethics

    -
    The Character of Values and
    Ethics o Perhaps the first place to look in
    determining what is right or
    o Values can be defined as those wrong is society. Virtually every
    things that are important to or society makes some
    valued by someone. That someone determination of morally correct
    can be an individual or, behavior.
    collectively, an organization. One
    place where values are important o In Islamic countries, a
    is in relation to vision. determination of what is right or
    moral is tied to religious
    o Values are the embodiment of what structures.
    an organization stands for, and
    should be the basis for the o In societies more secular, the
    behavior of its members. influence of religious beliefs may
    be less obvious but still a key
    o Values provide the basis for factor.
    judgments about what is important
    for the organization to succeed in  The Ten Commandments
    its core business. o for many people, define what is
    morally right or wrong. Societies
    o To behave ethically is to behave in a not only regulate the behavior of
    manner that is consistent with their members, but also define
    what is generally considered to be their societal core values.
    right or moral. Ethical behavior is
    the bedrock or mutual trust. o Experience often has led
    societies to develop beliefs about
     Individually or organizationally what is of value for the common
    o values determine what is right and good
    what is wrong, and doing what is
    right or wrong is what we mean by o One example is the notion of
    ethics. reciprocity. (“One good deed
    deserves another.”)
    o To behave ethically is to behave in a
    manner consistent with what is o Another is the notion of good
    right or moral. intent. (“A gentleman’s word is
    his bond.”)
    o What does “generally considered to
    be right” mean? That is a critical o Yet, a third is the notion of
    question, and part of the difficulty appreciation of merit in others
    in deciding whether or not regardless of personal feelings.
    behavior is ethical is in (“Give the Devil his due.”)
    e

    determining what is right or wrong.


    Causes of Unethical Behavior
    Ethical Responses
    INDIVIDUAL
    o Exit is the most direct response:
    Complexity of strategic issues
    if you can’t live with behavior
    obscure ethics
    that does not meet your own
    Complexity of strategic issues
    ethical standards, leave.
    obscure ethics
    Conflicting loyalties
    o However, exit is not only a direct
    GROUP
    Groupthink response; it is a final one, so the
    Presence of ideologues personal and organizational
    Negative organizational response to consequences must be
    dissent considered.

    o The most important personal


     There are three qualities
    individuals must possess to consequences are the costs.
    make ethical decisions: - Where do you go from there?
    - What other options are
    I. The first is the ability to recognize available?
    ethical issues and to reason - How marketable are you?
    through the ethical consequences - Can you afford the financial
    of decisions. The ability to see loss?
    second and third order effects, one
    of the elements of strategic
    thinking, is very important.

    II. The second is the ability to look at


    alternative points of view, deciding
    what is right in a particular set of
    circumstances. This is similar to
    the ability to reframe.

    III. The third is the ability to deal with


    ambiguity and uncertainty; making
    a decision on the best information
    available

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