Name Operations and Algebraic Thinking

3.0A.1,3.0A.3

Lesson 1

Hands On; Model

Multiplication
eHelp
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Gina put 3 scoops of frozen yogurt in
each bowl. There are 6 bowls. How
many scoops of frozen yogurt are there?
The model shows the total
D number of scoops.
There are 6 bowls, and each has
3 scoops. There are 6 groups of 3.

Use repeated addition to find the total.

(•:) (•:)
3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3=18

There are 18 scoops of frozen yogurt.

Practice
Draw a model to find the total number.

1- 2 groups of 8 equals 2. 5 groups of 7 equals

3. 6 X 4 = 4. 4 X 8 =

Lesson 1 My Homework 197

Describe each set of equal groups.

5.

/StJx

+ + + + +

groups of = groups of

7. 6 X 5 = 8. 3 X 4 =

groups of groups of

Problem Solving
ticalrg^
Mathematical

PRACTICE Model Math Complete each number sentence.

9- Paulina played 3 soccer games on Saturday. She drank 1 juice
box during each soccer game. How many juice boxes did
she drink?

+ + juice boxes
10. Daniel, Jamie, Molly, and Corey each have 4 books from the
library. How many books do they have in all?

+ + library books

Vocab

Vocabulary Check
11. Choose the correct word(s) to complete the sentence below,
equal groups multiplication

Yo u c a n u s e t o fi n d t h e t o t a l n u m b e r o f

objects in

198 Chapter 4 Understand Multiplication

 Lesson 2

Multiplication as
Repeated Addition

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Dani will put 2 forks at each of the
8 table settings. How many forks
does she need in all?

Find 8 groups of 2.
Write an addition sentence to
show the equal groups.
2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 1 6

Write a multiplication
sentence to show 8 groups of 2.
8X2 = Find the unknown.

8 x 2 = 1 6

So, 8 groups of 2 is 16. The unknown is 16 forks.

Practice
Write an addition sentence and a multiplication sentence for each.
1. 2.

6 + 6 + + + + + +

X - X =

Lesson 2 My Homework 203

 r Problem Solving
Draw a picture to find the total. Write a multiplication sentence.
3- 7 groups of 1 green grape 4. 9 groups of 2 square crackers

X = X

Mathematical
5. PRACTICE w Model Math How many buttons does
Leonora have altogether if she has 4 bags of buttons and
each bag has 10 buttons?

Multiply to find the unknown product.

6. 8X3 = B 7-4x3 = B

The unknown is . The unknown is

I Vocab

Vocabulary Check
Use the correct word(s) and the number sentence 6 x 8 = 48 to solve.
equal groups repeated addition multiply factors product
8. The number 48 is the

9_ The symbol x tells you to

10. The numbers 6 and 8 are the

11 . 8 H " 8 + 8 H " 8 H ~ 8 ~ I ~ 8 — 4 8 s h o w s

12. 6 x 8 means 6 of 8.

Te s t P r a c t i c e
13. Sam is washing windows. There are 5 windows in each of
7 rooms. How many windows does Sam have to wash?
® 2 windows ® 30 windows
(D 12 windows ® 35 windows

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Name Operations and Algebraic Thinking
3.0A.I,3.0A.3,3.0A.5

Lesson 3

Hands On:
Multiply with
Arrays

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Q
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James discovered that a sheet of stamps
is in an array. The stamps are arranged
in 6 equal rows of 3.
Write an addition sentence to show equal rows.
3 +3 +3 +3 +3 +3 = 18

Write a multiplication sentence to Ell

represent the array.
number in
r o w s each row total

6 X 18 wt
James turns the sheet of stamps the
other way. There still are 18 stamps.
Only now, there are 3 equal rows of 6. i 01B I
number in
each row
ii S B Q
r o w s total

3 X 6 = 18

This is the Commutative Property of Multiplication.

Practice
Draw an array to find the product.

1. 5X7= 2. 6X5

Lesson 3 My Homework 209

Write an addition sentence and a multiplication sentence to
show equal rows.

3. 4.

I Vocab

Vocabulary Check (|
5- Draw two arrays to model 2x3 = 6.
Use the arrays to show the meaning of
the Commutative Property of
Multiplication.

Problem Solving
Mathematical
6. PRACTICE Model Math Suki's watercolor set
has 3 rows of paint. There are 8 colors in each row.
Write a multiplication sentence to find the total
number of colors in the set.

7. A checkerboard has 8 rows, with 8 squares in each

row. Write a multiplication sentence to find the
total number of squares.

210 Chapter 4 Understand Multiplication

Name Operations and Aigebraic Thinking
3.0A.T, 3.0A.3, 3.0A.5, 3.0A.8

Lesson 4

/ Arrays and
Multiplication
i /

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The pumpkins in a patch are arranged in
rows with an equal number in each row.
How many pumpkins are in the patch?

Write an addition sentence and a

multiplication sentence to show equal rows.

6 + 6 + 6 = 18 3 X 6 = 1 8

The Commutative Property of Multiplication allows you to change

the order of the factors to write another multiplication sentence, 6x3= 18.

There are 18 pumpkins in the pumpkin patch.

Practice
Write an addition sentence and a multiplication sentence
to show equal rows.

1. 2- '■ ■ 'lMt€ I (i ^'

« «

(p/'
I*, £ £ 1^ £
GGGG
5

+ + + +

X X

Lesson 4 My Homework 215

Use the Commutative Property of Multiplication to find each
missing number.
3-3x2 = 6 x3 = 6 4. 6x4 = 24 4x = 24

5- 8x6 = 48 6x8= 6_ 5x2=10 x5=10

Problem Solving
Draw an array to solve. Then write two multiplication sentences.
7- Bottles of syrup are arranged in
4 rows of 7 bottles each. How many
bottles of syrup are there in all?

8. A parking lot has 6 rows of

10 spaces. How many parking
spaces are there altogether?

f VocalT

Vocabulary Check (g
9. How can you use an array to show the Commutative Property?

Te s t P r a c t i c e
10. Which pair of number sentences represents the
Commutative Property of Multiplication?

©3x6=18; 2x9=18 ©4x5 = 20; 8x5 = 40

® 6 X 7 = 42; 7 X 6 = 42 ® 9 + 11 = 20; 11 + 9 = 20

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Name Operations and Algebraic Thinking
T rtA * T AA T
t a
; 3.0A.1. 3.0A.3

Lesson 5

Problem Solving:
Make a Table

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l
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Jane's new bike can have hand brakes or foot brakes.
The bike can be silver, blue, black, or purple. How
many possible bikes are there?

Understand
There are 2 types of brakes: hand brakes or foot brakes.
There are 4 color choices: silver, blue, black, or purple.
I need to find the number of possible bikes.
Silver Blue Black Purple
Plan Hand Hand/ Hand/ Hand/
Silver Hand/Blue B l a c k
brakes Purple
Make a table.
Foot Foot/ Foot/ Foot/
Silver Foot/Blue Black
brakes Purple
Solve
There are 8 possible bikes.

4 Check
Multiply 2 types of brakes by 4 color choices. 4x2 = 8

Problem Solving
1. Solve the problem by making a table.

Claudio will decorate his bedroom. He can tan. blue, (b) gray, (g)
choose tan, blue, or gray paint and striped or striped,
plaid curtains. How many ways can he decorate (s) m
his room with different paint and curtains? plaid,
(p)

Lesson 5 My Homework 223

Solve each problem by making a table.
2- Jimmy has a number cube labeled 1 through 6, and a penny.
How many different ways can the cube and penny land with
one roll of the cube and one flip of the penny?

1 2 3 4 5

heads, (h) ■ 1 ■ 1■ 1 ■
; tails, ■ ■ ■

3- Archie earns $4 each week for doing his chores. How much
money will Archie earn in 2 months if there are 4 weeks in
each month?
Time to do
Week 2 Weeli3 Week 4
chores!

Month
1

■ ■
Month
2

Mathematical
4. PRACTICE Identify Structure Abigail has a green, yellow,
and purple shirt to match with either a white, black, or red pair of
pants. How many different shirt and pants outfits can she make?

pants, (w) pants, (b) pants, (r)

' shirt (g)

shirt, (y) ■ I H
shirt (p)

How many outfits would be possible if Abigail had only 2 shirts

and 2 pair of pants? Explain.

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Name

Lesson 6

Use Multiplication
to Find
Combinations

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Lucia's three dogs have red, purple, blue, green, and orange
collars that they take turns wearing. Find the number of
possible dog and collar combinations.

Show all of the possible combinations

red

purple
blue

green
orange

There are 3 dogs and 5 collar colors.

3x5 = 15 possible combinations

Practice
1. Diana can take 1 pencil and 1 eraser to school. Her choices
are shown. How many different pencil and eraser
combinations are there? Complete the tree diagram.
Write a multiplication sentence.
Pencil Colors Combinations

yellow, heart
yellow yellow, star
yellow, square

blue,
blue, star
square blue,

X combinations

Lesson 6 My Homework 229

2. PRACTICE^ Identify Structure For a snack, Randy can
choose from peanuts, carrots, or popcorn. He can have water or
juice to drink. How many snack and drink combinations are
there? Complete the tree diagram. Write a multiplication sentence.

Snack Drink Combinations

combinations

Vocab

Vocabulary Check
3. Write the correct vocabulary word(s) in each space to complete
the sentence.

combination tree diagram

Each branch of a shows a possible

of items.

Te s t P r a c t i c e
4. Amanda bought 4 pairs of shoes and 5 purses. Which number
sentence shows the number of different shoes and purse
combinations that Amanda can make?

®4 + 5 = 9 ©4 + 4 + 4 + 4=16

@5X8 = 40 ©4x5 = 20

230 Need more practice? Download Extra Practice at ^connectED.mcgraw-hUI.com

Use the word bank to complete each sentence.

array combination Commutative Property

equal groups factor multiplication
multiplication sentence multiply product
tree diagram
1. An arrangement of objects into rows of equal length and
columns of equal length is a(n)

2- The answer to a multiplication problem is the

3- is the operation of two numbers that

can be thought of as repeated addition.

4. A number multiplied by another number is a

5- You can put equal groups together to

6. The says the order in which

numbers are multiplied does not change the product.

7. A uses "branches" to show all

possible combinations.

8. When you make a of items, you make

a new set that has one item from each group.

9- When you have , you have the same

number of objects in each group.

My Chapter Review 231

 cneck

Concept Check
Write an addition and a multiplication sentence to show
equal rows.
10. n - r r r r r
m

+ + +

X X

Write two multiplication sentences for each array.

12. i 1 I 1 13.

X X

14. Find the possible combinations of one Yogurt

yogurt and one topping. Complete the
tree diagram. Write a multiplication strawberry
sentence to check.

Sundaes
Yo g u r t Toppings
strawberry granola
peach strawberries

vanilla

X = combinations

232 Chapter 4 Understand Multiplication