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Digital Image Processing

Assignment- Week 5
TYPE OF QUESTION: MCQ/MSQ
Number of questions: 10 Total mark: 10 X 1 = 10
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QUESTION 1:

Given two signals 𝑥𝑥[𝑛𝑛], 𝑦𝑦[𝑛𝑛] 𝑤𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑛𝑛 ∈ {0,1,2, . . . 𝑁𝑁 − 1} and their DFT coefficients 𝑋𝑋[𝑘𝑘], 𝑌𝑌[𝑘𝑘]
𝑤𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑘𝑘 ∈ {0,1,2, . . . 𝑁𝑁 − 1}. Taking inverse DFT of 𝑍𝑍[𝑘𝑘] = 𝑋𝑋[𝑘𝑘] × 𝑌𝑌[𝑘𝑘] is equivalent to

a) Linear convolution of 𝑥𝑥[𝑛𝑛]𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎[𝑛𝑛]

b) Circular/Cyclic convolution of 𝑥𝑥[𝑛𝑛] 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑦𝑦[𝑛𝑛]
c) Correlation of 𝑥𝑥[𝑛𝑛] 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑦𝑦[𝑛𝑛]
d) None of these
Correct Answer: b

Detailed Solution:

This is from basic DSP classes. See Class notes as well.

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QUESTION 2:
Determine the circular/cyclic convolution of two sequences x(n) = {1, 2, 3} and h(n) = {4, 5, 6}
a) y(n) = {9,12,10,4,1}
b) y(n) = {1,4,10,12,9}
c) y(n) = {31,31,28}
d) y(n) = {3,8,8}

Correct Answer: c

Detailed Solution:

Circular/cyclic convolution may be calculated as

1 3 2 4 31
Cicrular_Conv{x(n), h(n)} = �2 �
1 3 5� � = � 31�
3 2 1 6 28
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QUESTION 3:
Which of the pair does form an Orthogonal Pair?
a. 𝑒𝑒 𝑗𝑗6𝜔𝜔𝜔𝜔 , 𝑒𝑒 𝑗𝑗2𝜔𝜔𝜔𝜔
b. 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠(2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋) , 𝑐𝑐os(4.5𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋)
c. 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠(2.5𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋) , 𝑐𝑐os(4𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋)
d. All of the above
Correct Answer: a
Detailed Solution:

Only option a satisfy the orthogonality property of ∫𝑇𝑇 𝑓𝑓1 (𝑡𝑡) 𝑓𝑓2 (𝑡𝑡)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 0 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 ∫𝑇𝑇 𝑓𝑓1 (𝑡𝑡) 𝑓𝑓1 (𝑡𝑡)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 =
𝑘𝑘 , ∫𝑇𝑇 𝑓𝑓2 (𝑡𝑡) 𝑓𝑓2 (𝑡𝑡)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑘𝑘

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QUESTION 4:
For a given 4 × 4 image 𝑈𝑈 and 4 × 4 transformation matrix 𝐴𝐴, What will be the transformed
image 𝑉𝑉?

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 −1 1 −1 2 2 2 2
𝐴𝐴 = � � 𝑈𝑈 = � �
2 1 1 −1 −1 3 3 3 3
1 −1 −1 1 4 4 4 4

10 −2 −4 0
0 0 0 0
a) � �
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0

10 0 0 0
−2 0 0 0
b) � �
−4 0 0 0
0 0 0 0

10 −2 −4 0
−2 0 0 0
c) � �
−4 0 0 0
0 0 0 0

d) None of the above

Correct Answer: b
Detailed Solution:

A two dimensional transformed is given as

𝑉𝑉 = 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝑇𝑇

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 −1 1 −1 2 2 2 2 1 −1 1 −1
= � �� �� �
4 1 1 −1 −1 3 3 3 3 1 1 −1 −1
1 −1 −1 1 4 4 4 4 1 −1 −1 1
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10 0 0 0
−2 0 0 0
=� �
−4 0 0 0
0 0 0 0

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QUESTION 5:
How does image transformation represent a given image?
a. A series summation of a set of Symmetric Matrices.
b. A series summation of a set of Unitary Matrices
c. A series summation of a set of Skew-Symmetric Matrices.
d. None of the above.
Correct Answer: b
Detailed Solution:

Any image can be expressed as a scaled summation of basis images which are unitary matrices.
(Just like a 1-D signal can be expressed in terms of basis vectors).
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QUESTION 6:
Which of the following relation is true for one-dimension Fourier transformation?

∞
a. 𝐹𝐹(𝑢𝑢) = ∫−∞ 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)𝑒𝑒 𝑗𝑗2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
∞
b. 𝐹𝐹(𝑢𝑢) = ∫−∞ 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)𝑒𝑒 −𝑗𝑗2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
∞
c. 𝐹𝐹(𝑢𝑢) = ∫0 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)𝑒𝑒 −𝑗𝑗2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
d. All of the above

Correct Answer: b.

Detailed Solution:
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From the definition of one-dimension Fourier transform,

∞
𝐹𝐹(𝑢𝑢) = � 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)𝑒𝑒 −𝑗𝑗2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
−∞

Hence option b is correct.

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QUESTION 7:
What will be the Kronecker product 𝐴𝐴 ⊗ 𝐵𝐵 , Given matrices A,B below?

1 2 2 1
𝐴𝐴 = � � , 𝐵𝐵 = � �
3 4 1 2

2 4 1 2
6 8 3 4
a) � �
1 2 2 4
3 4 6 8

2 1 4 2
1 2 2 4
b) � �
2 1 4 2
1 2 2 4

1 2 4 3
3 4 2 1
c) � �
2 1 3 4
4 3 1 2

d) None of the above.

Correct Answer: b
Detailed Solution:

Apply the Kronecker delta product formula where matrix A replaces individual elements of A
scaled by a value determined by matrix A.
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QUESTION 8:
What will be the basis image A11 for a given 4 × 4 transformation matrix 𝐴𝐴?

1 1 1 1
1 1 −1 1 −1
𝐴𝐴 = � �
2 1 1 −1 −1
1 −1 −1 1

1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
a) � �
4 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1

1 −1 1 −1
1 1 −1 1 −1
b) � �
4 1 −1 1 −1
1 −1 1 −1

−1 −1 −1 −1
1 1 1 1 1
c) � �
4 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1

1 −1 1 −1
1 −1 1 −1 1
d) � �
4 1 −1 1 −1
−1 1 −1 1

Correct Answer: d
Detailed Solution:

1 1 1 1
1 1 −1 1 −1
Basis images are calculated using the columns of𝐴𝐴∗𝑇𝑇 = � �,
2 1 1 −1 −1
1 −1 −1 1
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Where 𝐴𝐴 is the transformation matrix.

1 1 −1 1 −1
1 −1 1−1 1 −1 1
𝐴𝐴11 = 𝑎𝑎1 𝑎𝑎1𝑇𝑇 = � � [1 −1 1 −1] = 4 � �
4 1 1 −1 1 −1
−1 −1 1 −1 1
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QUESTION 9:
This question has Statement 1 and Statement 2. Of the four choices given after the statements,
choose the one that best describes the two statements.
Statement1:The separability of orthogonal transformation matrix reduces the
computational complexity from 𝑂𝑂(𝑛𝑛4 ) 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑂𝑂(2𝑛𝑛3 )
Statement 2: Orthogonal transformation of Image can be thought of linear summation of
set of orthogonal basis images where coefficients of linear summation are estimated by
projecting image onto the orthogonal basis images.

a) Statement 1 is True and Statement 2 is False

b) Statement 1 is False and Statement 2 is True
c) Statement 1 is True and Statement 2 is True
d) Statement 1 is False and Statement 2 is False

Correct Answer: C
Detailed Solution:

Both the statements follow directly from lectures.

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QUESTION 10:
Which of the following can be used as a transformation matrix?
1 1 1 1
1 1 𝜔𝜔1 𝜔𝜔2 𝜔𝜔3
a) 𝐴𝐴 = � � ; 𝜔𝜔1 = 𝑒𝑒 −𝑗𝑗2𝜋𝜋/4
2 1 𝜔𝜔2 𝜔𝜔4 𝜔𝜔6
1 𝜔𝜔3 𝜔𝜔6 𝜔𝜔9

 1 1 1 1 
 1 1 −1 −1 
1
b) A = 
2 2 − 2 0 0 
 
 0 0 − 2 2 

1 1 1 1
1 1 −1 1 −1
c) 𝐴𝐴 = � �
2 1 1 −1 −1
1 −1 −1 1

d) All of above

Correct Answer: d
Detailed Solution:

For unitary matrix, all the columns must be orthonormal or orthogonal. Matrix in option a is DFT
basis, c is Hadamard basis, All a, b, c satisfy orthonormality condition
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