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Digital Image Processing

Assignment- Week 4
TYPE OF QUESTION: MCQ/MSQ
Number of questions: 10 Total mark: 10 X 1 = 10
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QUESTION 1:

A 9 x 9 image is as given below. Using a modified linear interpolation, find out the intensity at
location (3.3, 3.6).

Y 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
X
0 20 22 15 18 25 32 16 18 20
1 22 25 28 25 35 32 20 17 15
2 45 35 16 23 44 11 18 24 18
3 35 32 26 46 24 13 25 24 25
4 32 45 23 34 45 43 42 24 16
5 34 45 42 36 27 34 25 27 19
6 43 46 47 34 13 13 24 17 20
7 43 54 34 22 21 35 27 43 29
8 32 43 26 25 27 36 23 56 34

a) 32.42
b) 37.60
c) 35.14
d) None of the above

Correct Answer: c.

Detailed Solution:

Since we are doing interpolation in 2 dimension, we can convert this to one dimension by first
interpolation along the columns and then along a row.

As we are using linear interpolation, so the region of support would be two pixels (left-right or
top-bottom).
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Here we first interpolate along columns to find the values of A and B. Using linear interpolation
equation,

t , 0 ≤ t <1

B0, 2 (t ) =  2 − t , 1 ≤ t < 2 , now for A we shift the peak at 3.3
0, otherwise


 t − 2.3, 2.3 ≤ t < 3.3


B2.3, 2 (t ) = 2 − (t − 2.3), 3.3 ≤ t < 4.3
 0, otherwise


Substituting the values at t=3 and t= 4 (values are known at these locations) in proper
intervals, we get the coefficient (contribution) that has to be multiplied with intensity
values at location
t = 3 and t=4.

0.7, 2.3 ≤ t < 3.3


B2.3, 2 (t ) = 0.3, 3.3 ≤ t < 4.3
 0, otherwise


Now f (3.3,3) = A = ∑ pi Bi − 2.3, 2 (t ) = 0.7 * 46 + 0.3 * 34 = 42.4

Similarly, we calculate f (3.3,4) = B = ∑ pi Bi − 2.3, 2 (t ) = 0.7 * 24 + 0.3 * 45 = 30.3

Now we interpolate along row to get the value of X using A and B. By following similar
procedure of one dimensional linear interpolation,
f (3.3,4.6) = X = ∑ pi Bi − 2.6, 2 (t ) = 0.4 * 42.4 + 0.6 * 30.3 = 35.14

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QUESTION 2:
For the one-dimensional function f(t), given below. Using modified cubic interpolation, find out
the value at location t = 6.3.

T 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
f(t) 2.5 3.5 4 3.5 6 10 9 6 6 2.4

a) 9.32
b) 8.32
c) 9.42
d) 9.52

Correct Answer: c.

Detailed Solution:

Using cubic B-spline function

 t3
 ; 0 ≤ t <1
 6
 3 2
 − 3t + 12t − 12t + 4 ; 1 ≤ t < 2
 6
B0, 4 (t ) =  3 2
3t − 24t + 60t − 44
 ; 2≤t <3
 6
  4 − t  3
  
; 3≤t < 4
 6
0; otherwise

Since we have to interpolate f(6.3), we can shift this function by 4.3 so that peak of cubic
function lie on 6.3. By doing this we get the contribution of known pixels for location t =
6.3.
The modified function can be written as,
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 (t − 4.3)3
 ; 4.3 ≤ t < 5.3
 6
 3 2
 − 3(t − 4.3) + 12(t − 4.3) − 12(t − 4.3) + 4 ; 5.3 ≤ t < 6.3
 6
B4.3, 4 (t ) =  3(t − 4.3)3 − 24(t − 4.3)2 + 60(t − 4.3) − 44
 ; 6.3 ≤ t < 7.3
 6
  4 − (t − 4.3) 3
  
; 7.3 ≤ t < 8.3
 6
 0; otherwise
Substituting the values at t=5,6,7 and 8 (values are known at these locations) in proper
intervals, we get the coefficient (contribution) that has to be multiplied with intensity
values at location,
t= 5,6,7,8.
 (5 − 4.3)3
 ; 4.3 ≤ t < 5.3
 6
 3 2
 − 3(6 − 4.3) + 12(6 − 4.3) − 12(6 − 4.3) + 4 ; 5.3 ≤ t < 6.3
 6
B4.3, 4 (t ) =  (
3 7 − 4.3) − 24(7 − 4.3)2 + 60(7 − 4.3) − 44
3
 ; 6.3 ≤ t < 7.3
 6
  4 − (8 − 4.3)3
  
; 7.3 ≤ t < 8.3
 6
 0; otherwise
On solving this, we get
 0.0572; 4.3 ≤ t < 5.3

 0.592 ; 5.3 ≤ t < 6.3

B4.3, 4 (t ) =  0.3482; 6.3 ≤ t < 7.3

 0.0045 ; 7.3 ≤ t < 8.3
 0; otherwise
Now f (6.3) = ∑ pi Bi −4.3, 4 (t ) = 0.05728 * 6 + 0.592 *10 + 0.3482 * 9 + 0.0045 * 6 = 9.42

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QUESTION 3:
For an image, the type of Interpolation where the intensity of the four neighboring pixels is used
to obtain intensity a new location is called __________________.

a) Bilinear interpolation
b) Cubic interpolation
c) Bicubic interpolation
d) Nearest neighbor interpolation

Correct Answer: a.

Detailed Solution:

Region of support for linear b-spline is two. But when we go for two dimensional interpolation
as in case of images, it will consider two pixels in horizontal direction and two pixels in vertical
direction.

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QUESTION 4:
Which of the following B-spline is not symmetric and hardly used?
a) Constant
b) Cubic
c) Linear
d) Quadratic

Correct Answer: d.

Detailed Solution:

Region of support for quadratic b-spline is 3 and it is asymmetric. Therefore, quadratic b-spline
is hardly used.
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QUESTION 5:
A one-dimensional function f(x) is given below. What will be the value at location x = 5.5 using
modified constant interpolation.

X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
f(x) 1.5 2.5 3 2.5 3 2.4 3 2.5 1 2.4

a) 2.43
b) 2.40
c) 2.34
d) 3.00

Correct Answer: b
Detailed Solution:

For constant interpolation, we substitute the unknown pixel value by nearest known pixel value.
For x=5.5, we consider B-Spline at x=6 since it includes 5.5 whereas B-Spline at x=5 excludes
x=5.5. Therefore f(5.5) = 2.40.
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QUESTION 6:

The type of Interpolation in which the intensity for an unknown location is found by assigning
the intensity of the nearest pixel is __________________.

a) Bicubic interpolation
b) Constant interpolation
c) Cubic interpolation
d) Bilinear interpolation

Correct Answer: b.

Detailed Solution:

Region of support for constant interpolation is one. So because of this it will look for a single
location which is nearest to it.
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QUESTION 7:
What are the desirable properties of an interpolation function?
I. Finite Region of Support.
II. Smooth Interpolation.
III. Shift Invariant

a) Only I and II.

b) Only II and III.
c) None of I, II and III.
d) All I, II and III.

Correct Answer: d.
Detailed Solution:

Interpolation function must have finite region of support. Interpolation function should smooth
profile. Interpolation function must be shift invariant.
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QUESTION 8:
Zooming of an image can be viewed as __________________.
a) Over sampling
b) Under sampling
c) Critical sampling
d) Nyquist sampling
Correct Answer: a.

Detailed Solution:

Zooming of an image is basically estimating the sub-pixels and therefore can be viewed as
oversampling.
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QUESTION 9:
What kind of sampling is required for scaling down (Shrinking) of an image?
a) Under sampling
b) Critical sampling
c) Over sampling
d) Nyquist sampling
Correct Answer: a
Detailed Solution:

Scaling down of an image is basically sampling less pixels, for example sampling every other
pixel will scale down image by 2. Therefore shrinking can be viewed as under sampling.

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QUESTION 10:
Which of the following B-spline function has maximum region of support?
a) Quadratic
b) Cubic
c) Linear
d) Constant

Correct Answer: b
Detailed Solution:

See the Class notes.

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