CE 320

Steel Structures Design Sessional

1.50 credits, 3 hours/week
Term: January 2023

Lecture 3

Department of Civil Engineering

Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology
 Lecture–3: Outline

Gravity and Wind Load Modelling of a

Calculation of a Warehouse Building
Warehouse Building using SAP2000
 Warehouse
A warehouse is a building for storing goods. Warehouses are used by
manufacturers, importers, exporters, wholesalers, transport businesses, customs,
etc. They are usually large plain buildings in industrial parks on the outskirts of
cities, towns, or villages.
Gravity and WL Calculation of a Warehouse Building (Example)
Design Code: BNBC 2020
Design Method: LRFD
Design Data:
Site: Gazipur
Roofing Material: 0.8 mm thick GI sheet
LL = 20 psf
Purlin & Miscellaneous load = 3 psf
Terrain Exposure Category: B
Soil property: Average SPT value in top 30 m is 20
Occupancy: Industrial Warehouse building
Gust Factor, G: 0.85
Directionality Factor, Kd : 0.85
Topographic factor, Kzt: 1
Structural material property: fy = 50ksi
Gravity and WL Calculation of a Warehouse Building (Example)

Isometric View
Gravity and WL Calculation of a Warehouse Building (Example)

Plan View
Gravity and WL Calculation of a Warehouse Building (Example)

Elevation View
 Gravity Load Calculation of a Warehouse Building

Gravity = DL + LL

DL: GI sheet+ purlin and others

0.8 mm thick GI Sheet = 0.096 kPa = 0.096*20.89 psf = 2 psf
Purlin+ others = 3 psf (assumed)

LL: 1 kPa = 20 psf

DL+LL = 2+3+20= 25 psf

Gravity Load on Rafter: 25*30/1000 = 0.75 k/ft

Gravity Load Calculation of a Warehouse Building
WL (Normal to Ridge) Calculation of a Warehouse Building

Wind Load (Perpendicular to Ridge)

WL

x
WL (Normal to Ridge) Calculation of a Warehouse Building

Z = 7.62 m
h = 9.34 m
θ = 140
WL (Normal to Ridge) Calculation of a Warehouse Building

V = 66.5 m/s
I = 1.0
WL (Normal to Ridge) Calculation of a Warehouse Building

Kz = 0.94
Kh = 0.98
WL (Normal to Ridge) Calculation of a Warehouse Building
WL (Normal to Ridge) Calculation of a Warehouse Building
WL (Normal to Ridge) Calculation of a Warehouse Building
Location: Gazipur
V= 66.5 m/s
I = 1.0
Kd = 0.85
Kzt = 1
G = 0.85

qz = 2.17 kN/m2 = 45.33 psf

1 kN/m2 = 20.89 psf
qh = 2.26 kN/m2 = 47.21 psf
WL (Normal to Ridge) Calculation of a Warehouse Building

Wind Load (Perpendicular to Ridge)

B= 45.73 m h= 9.34 m
L= 27.44 m L= 27.44 m
Wall pressure coefficient (Windward), Cp= 0.8 h/L = 0.34
L/B = 0.6 θ = 140
Wall pressure coefficient (Leeward), Cp= -0.5 Roof pressure coefficient (Windward), Cp= -0.612, -0.088
Wall pressure coefficient (Sidewall), Cp= -0.7 Roof pressure coefficient (Leeward), Cp= -0.47
 WL (Normal to Ridge) Calculation of a Warehouse Building
C

θ = 14ᵒ
B D
Wind
Gable Frame
0.8

-0.7

-0.7
-0.5
A 45 ’ 45 ’ E 150’

External pressure coefficient, Cp (Wind normal to the ridge)

 WL (Normal to Ridge) Calculation of a Warehouse Building
C

θ = 14ᵒ
B D
Wind

0.8
Gable Frame

-0.7
-0.5

-0.7
A 45 ’ 45 ’ E 150’

External pressure coefficient, Cp (Wind normal to the ridge)

WL (Normal to Ridge) Calculation of a Warehouse Building

h/L 10 14 15
<=0.25 -0.7 -0.54 -0.5
-0.18 -0.036 0.0
0.34 -0.612
-0.088
0.5 -0.9 -0.74 -0.7
-0.18 -0.18 -0.18

h/L 10 14 15
Cp (Windward) = -0.612, -0.088
Cp (Leeward) = -0.47 <=0.25 -0.3 -0.46 -0.5
0.34 -0.47
0.5 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5
WL (Normal to Ridge) Calculation of a Warehouse Building
WL (Normal to Ridge) Calculation of a Warehouse Building

+0.55 - 0.55

Internal Pressure Coefficient, GCpi

WL (Normal to Ridge) Calculation of a Warehouse Building
WL (Normal to Ridge) Calculation of a Warehouse Building
 WL (Normal to Ridge) Calculation of a Warehouse Building

C C

θ = 14ᵒ θ = 14ᵒ
B D B D
4.86 psf

psf
56.79
46.03 psf

5.9 psf
Internal Pressure 25.97 psf included Internal Pressure -25.97psf included

A 45 ’ 45 ’ E A 45 ’ 45 ’ E

MWFRS when the wind is Normal to the ridge with negative (maximum) windward external pressure coefficient
for wind in +x direction
 WL (Normal to Ridge) Calculation of a Warehouse Building

C C

θ = 14ᵒ θ = 14ᵒ
B D B D

4.86 psf

5.9 psf

56.79
psf
46.03 psf

Internal Pressure 25.97 psf included Internal Pressure -25.97psf included

A 45 ’ 45 ’ E A 45 ’ 45 ’ E

MWFRS when the wind is Normal to the ridge with negative (maximum) windward external pressure coefficient
for wind in –x direction
 WL (Normal to Ridge) Calculation of a Warehouse Building

C C

θ = 14ᵒ
θ = 14ᵒ
B D B D
4.86 psf

46.03 psf

56.79 psf

5.9 psf
Internal Pressure 25.97 psf included Internal Pressure -25.97 psf included

A 45 ’ 45 ’ E A 45 ’ 45 ’ E

MWFRS when the wind is Normal to the ridge with negative (minimum) windward external pressure coefficient
for wind in + x direction
 WL (Normal to Ridge) Calculation of a Warehouse Building

C C

θ = 14ᵒ θ = 14ᵒ
B D B D
46.03 psf

4.86 psf

56.79 psf
Internal Pressure -25.97 psf included

5.9 psf
Internal Pressure 25.97 psf included

A 45 ’ 45 ’ E A 45 ’ 45 ’ E

MWFRS when the wind is Normal to the ridge with negative (minimum) windward external pressure coefficient
WL (Normal to Ridge) Calculation of a Warehouse Building

Net Pressure lb/ft (interior frame)

Surface (+GCpi) (-GCpi)
Windward wall 146 1704
Leeward wall -1381 177
Side walls -1216 -48
Windward roof -1516 42
-885 673
Leeward roof -1345 213
WL (Parallel to Ridge) Calculation of a Warehouse Building

Wind Load (Parallel to Ridge)

x
WL
WL (Parallel to Ridge) Calculation of a Warehouse Building

Wind Load (Parallel to Ridge)

Z = 7.62 m (Eave height)
Z = 11.05m(36.25ft) (Ridge height)
h = 9.34 m
θ = 140
WL (Parallel to Ridge) Calculation of a Warehouse Building

V = 66.5 m/s
I = 1.0
 WL (Parallel to Ridge) Calculation of a Warehouse Building

Kz = 0.94 (eave height)

Kz = 1.02 (ridge height)
Kh = 0.98
WL (Parallel to Ridge) Calculation of a Warehouse Building
WL (Parallel to Ridge) Calculation of a Warehouse Building
WL (Parallel to Ridge) Calculation of a Warehouse Building
Location: Gazipur
V= 66.5 m/s
I = 1.0
Kd = 0.85
Kzt = 1
G = 0.85

qz = 2.17 kN/m2 = 45.33 psf (eave height)

1 kN/m2 = 20.89 psf
qz = 2.35 kN/m2 = 49 psf (ridge height)
qh = 2.26 kN/m2 = 47.21 psf
WL (Parallel to Ridge) Calculation of a Warehouse Building

B= 27.44 m
L= 45.73 m Surface h/L Distance from Cp
Wall pressure coefficient (Windward), Cp= 0.8 Windward edge
L/B = 1.67 Roof <=0.5 0 to h -0.9,-0.18
Wall pressure coefficient (Leeward), Cp= -0.366
Wall pressure coefficient (Sidewall), Cp= -0.7 h to 2h -0.5,-0.18
h= 11.05m=36.25ft >2h -0.3,-0.18
 WL (Parallel to Ridge) Calculation of a Warehouse Building
h = 30.625’ h = 30.625’

-0.9, -0.18
-0.5, -0.18
-0.3, -0.18

Wind 0 to h
-0.366

0.8
C Roof Pressure h to 2h
>2h

θ = 14ᵒ
B D
150’

-0.7

-0.7
External pressure coefficient, Cp (Wind parallel to the ridge)
A 45 ’ 45 ’ E
 WL (Parallel to Ridge) Calculation of a Warehouse Building
h = 30.625’ h = 30.625’

-0.9, -0.18
-0.5, -0.18
-0.3, -0.18

Wind 0 to h
Roof Pressure h to 2h

-0.366
C
0.8

>2h

θ = 14ᵒ
B D
150’

-0.7

-0.7
External pressure coefficient, Cp (Wind parallel to the ridge)

A 45 ’ 45 ’ E
WL (Parallel to Ridge) Calculation of a Warehouse Building
 WL (Parallel to Ridge) Calculation of a Warehouse Building
h = 30.625’ h = 30.625’
0 to h
62.08 psf C Roof Pressure h to 2h
46.03 psf >2h
38 psf
θ = 14ᵒ
B D
7.35 psf

54.06 psf
40.65 psf

54.06 psf
150’ A 45 ’ 45 ’ E

Load parallel to the ridge with positive internal pressure (internal pressure 25.97psf included)
For negative (maximum) windward external pressure coefficient
 WL (Parallel to Ridge) Calculation of a Warehouse Building
h = 30.625’ h = 30.625’
0 to h
33.19 psf 33.19 psf 33.19 psf C Roof Pressure h to 2h
>2h

θ = 14ᵒ
B D
7.35 psf

54.06 psf
40.65 psf

54.06 psf
150’ A 45 ’ 45 ’ E

Load parallel to the ridge with positive internal pressure (internal pressure 25.97psf included)
For negative (minimum) windward external pressure coefficient
 WL (Parallel to Ridge) Calculation of a Warehouse Building

h = 30.625’ h = 30.625’
0 to h
10.15 psf Roof Pressure h to 2h
C
>2h

θ = 14ᵒ
B D
5.9 psf
59.29 psf

13.93 psf

11.28psf

2.12 psf

2.12 psf
150’ A 45 ’ 45 ’ E

Load parallel to the ridge with negative internal pressure (internal pressure -25.97 psf included)
For negative (maximum) windward external pressure coefficient
 WL (Parallel to Ridge) Calculation of a Warehouse Building

0 to h
h = 30.625’ h = 30.625’ C Roof Pressure h to 2h
>2h
18.34 psf 18.74 psf 18.74 psf
θ = 14ᵒ
B D
59.29 psf

11.28psf

2.12 psf

2.12 psf
150’ A 45 ’ 45 ’ E

Load parallel to the ridge with negative internal pressure (internal pressure -25.97 psf included)
For negative (minimum) windward external pressure coefficient
 Modelling of a Warehouse Building using SAP2000
Design Code: BNBC 2020
Design Method: LRFD
Design Data:
Site: Gazipur
Roofing Material: 0.8 mm thick GI sheet
LL = 20 psf
Purlin & Miscellaneous load = 3psf
Terrain Exposure Category: B
Soil property: Average SPT value in top 30 m is 20
Occupancy: Industrial building
Gust Factor, G: 0.85
Directionality Factor, Kd: 0.85
Topographic factor, Kzt: 1
Structural material property: ASTM A992 Grade 50
Modelling of a Warehouse Building using SAP2000

Isometric View
Modelling of a Warehouse Building using SAP2000

Plan View
Modelling of a Warehouse Building using SAP2000

Elevation View
Modelling of a Warehouse Building using SAP2000

Name Section
C1 W 40 X 183
C2 W 36 X 231
Rafter W 14 X 145
Box Beam HSS10X10X3/16
Bracing L8X8X1-1/8
 Modelling of a Warehouse Building using SAP2000
Gravity = DL + LL
DL: GI sheet+ purlin and others
0.8 mm thick GI Sheet = 0.096 kPa = 0.096*20.89 psf = 2 psf
Purlin+ others = 3 psf (assumed)
LL: 1 kPa = 20 psf
DL+LL = 2+3+20= 25 psf
Interior:
Dead Load on Rafter: 5*30 = 150 lb/ft
Live Load on Rafter: 20*30 = 600 lb/ft
Exterior:
Dead Load on Rafter: 5*15 = 75 lb/ft
Live Load on Rafter: 20*15 = 300 lb/ft
 Design Data of a Warehouse Building
Design Code: BNBC 2020
Design Method: LRFD

Site: View Datasheet

Roofing Material: 0.8 mm thick GI sheet
LL = 20 psf
Purlin & Miscellaneous load= 3psf
Terrain Exposure Category: B
Soil property: Average SPT value in top 30 m is 20
Occupancy: Industrial Warehouse building
Gust Factor, G: 0.85
Directionality Factor, Kd : 0.85
Topographic factor, Kzt: 1
Structural material property: fy = View Datasheet, f’c= View Datasheet
 Design Data of a Warehouse Building
Data Sheet: Student Number Location
Chattogram
Fy (ksi)
50
Bay (ft)
25
Span (ft)
50
Pitch Slope
1:5
Dhaka 36 24 51 1:4
Chattogram 50 23 52 1:5
Dhaka 36 22 53 1:4
Chattogram 50 21 54 1:5
Dhaka 36 20 55 1:4
Chattogram 50 25 56 1:5
Dhaka 36 24 57 1:4
Chattogram 50 23 58 1:5
Dhaka 36 22 59 1:4
Chattogram 50 21 60 1:5
Dhaka 36 20 61 1:4
Chattogram 50 25 60 1:5
Dhaka 36 24 59 1:4
Chattogram 50 23 58 1:5
Dhaka 36 22 57 1:4
Chattogram 50 21 56 1:5
Dhaka 36 20 55 1:4
Chattogram 50 25 54 1:5
Dhaka 36 24 53 1:4
Chattogram 50 23 52 1:5
Dhaka 36 22 52 1:4
Chattogram 50 21 53 1:5
Dhaka 36 20 54 1:4
Chattogram 50 25 55 1:5
Dhaka 36 24 56 1:4
Chattogram 50 23 57 1:5
Dhaka 36 22 58 1:4
Chattogram 50 21 59 1:5
Dhaka 36 20 60 1:4
Chattogram 50 25 61 1:5
Dhaka 36 24 50 1:4

Note: 1st column to be filled up by appropriate student roll numbers of the class in ascending order.
Design Data of a Warehouse Building

Isometric View
Design Data of a Warehouse Building

Plan View
Design Data of a Warehouse Building

Elevation View
 Submission Before Next Class
• Calculate gravity load of the warehouse building
• Calculate WL parallel and perpendicular to the ridge of the warehouse building
• Show WL (parallel to ridge) pattern for the frame on Grid-B (Figure only)
• Show WL (perpendicular to ridge) pattern for the frame on Grid-B (Figure only)
• FE analysis of the model for gravity load and verification of gravity load results
with hand calculations
• Draw Reaction, SFD & BMD of the portal frame (Grid B) (For DL, LL, SW)
End of Lecture 3
THANK YOU!
Any Questions?