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Solution To Tutorial 6

Solution of Tutorial 6 of ESO 201

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Arnav Harshit
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30 views11 pages

Solution To Tutorial 6

Solution of Tutorial 6 of ESO 201

Uploaded by

Arnav Harshit
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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TUTORIAL 6

1) 0.5-m3 rigid tank contains refrigerant-134a initially at 200 kPa


and 40 percent quality. Heat is transferred now to the refrigerant
from a source at 350C until the pressure rises to 400 kPa.
Determine (a) the entropy change of the refrigerant, (b) the entropy
change of the heat source, and (c) the total entropy change for this
process.
Solution:
A rigid tank is initially filled with a saturated mixture of R-134a. Heat
is transferred to the tank from a source until the pressure inside rises to
a specified value. The entropy change of the refrigerant, entropy change
of the source, and the total entropy change for this process are to be
determined.

Assumptions:1 The tank is stationary and thus the kinetic and potential
energy changes are zero. 2) There are no work interactions.
Analysis : (a) From the refrigerant tables (Tables A-11 through A-13),

The mass of the refrigerant is


Then the entropy change of the refrigerant becomes

(b) We take the tank as the system. This is a closed system since no
mass enters or leaves. Noting that the volume of the system is constant
and thus there is no boundary work, the energy balance for this
stationary closed system can be expressed as

Substituting,

The heat transfer for the source is equal in magnitude but opposite in
direction. Therefore,

And

(c) The total entropy change for this process is


2)2-kg of saturated water vapor at 600 kPa are contained in a
pistoncylinder device. The water expands adiabatically until the
pressure is 100 kPa and is said to produce 700 kJ of work output.
(a) Determine the entropy change of the water, in kJ/kg·K.
(b) Is this process realistic? Using the T-s diagram for the process
and the concepts of second law, support your answer.
Solution:

Water vapor is expanded adiabatically in a piston-cylinder device. The


entropy change is to be determined and it is to be discussed if this
process is realistic.

Analysis :(a) The properties at the initial state are

We take the contents of the cylinder as the system. This is a closed


system since no mass enters or leaves. The energy balance for this
stationary closed system can be expressed as
Solving for the final state internal energy,
𝑊𝑜𝑢𝑡 kJ 700 kJ
𝑢2 = 𝑢1 − = 2566.8 −
𝑚 kg 2 kg

= 2216.8kJ/kg
The entropy at the final state is (from Table A-5)

The entropy change is

(b) The process is not realistic since entropy cannot decrease during an
adiabatic process. In the limiting case of a reversible (and adiabatic)
process, the entropy would remain constant.

3) A 30-kg iron block and a 40-kg copper block, both initially at


800C, are dropped into a large lake at 150C. Thermal equilibrium
is established after a while as a result of heat transfer between the
blocks and the lake water. Determine the total entropy change for
this process.
Solution:
An iron block and a copper block are dropped into a large lake. The
total amount of entropy change when both blocks cool to the lake
temperature is to be determined.

Assumptions: 1) The water, the iron block and the copper block are
incompressible substances with constant specific heats at room
temperature. 2) Kinetic and potential energies are negligible.

Properties: The specific heats of iron and copper at room temperature


are ciron = 0.45 kJ/kg.C and Ccopper = 0.386 kJ/kg.C (Table A-3).
Analysis: The thermal-energy capacity of the lake is very large, and
thus the temperatures of both the iron and the copper blocks will drop
to the lake temperature (15C) when the thermal equilibrium is
established. Then the entropy changes of the blocks become

We take both the iron and the copper blocks, as the system. This is a
closed system since no mass crosses the system boundary during the
process. The energy balance for this system can be expressed as
or,

Substituting,

Thus,

Then the total entropy change for this process is

4) An insulated piston–cylinder device initially contains 300 L of air


at 120 kPa and 170C. Air is now heated for 15 min by a 200-W
resistance heater placed inside the cylinder. The pressure of air is
maintained constant during this process. Determine the entropy
change of air, assuming (a) constant specific heats and (b) variable
specific heats.
Solution:

An insulated cylinder initially contains air at a specified state. A


resistance heater inside the cylinder is turned on, and air is heated for
15 min at constant pressure. The entropy change of air during this
process is to be determined for the cases of constant and variable
specific heats.

Assumptions:At specified conditions, air can be treated as an ideal gas.


Properties: The gas constant of air is R = 0.287 kJ/kg.K (Table A-1).
Analysis: The mass of the air and the electrical work done during this
process are

The energy balance for this stationary closed system can be expressed
as

since U + Wb = H during a constant pressure quasi-equilibrium


process.
(a)Using a constant cp value at the anticipated average temperature of 450
K, the final temperature becomes

Thus,

Then the entropy change becomes

(b) Assuming variable specific heats,

From the air table (Table A-17, we read S2 = 2.5628 kJ/kg·K
corresponding to this h2 value. Then,
5)A horizontal cylinder is separated into two compartments by an
adiabatic, frictionless piston. One side contains 0.2 m3 of nitrogen
and the other side contains 0.1 kg of helium, both initially at 200C
and 95 kPa. The sides of the cylinder and the helium end are
insulated. Now heat is added to the nitrogen side from a reservoir
at 5000C until the pressure of the helium rises to 120 kPa.
Determine (a) the final temperature of the helium, (b) the final
volume of the nitrogen, (c) the heat transferred to the nitrogen, and
(d) the entropy generation during this process.

Solution:
A horizontal cylinder is separated into two compartments by a piston,
one side containing nitrogen and the other side containing helium. Heat
is added to the nitrogen side. The final temperature of the helium, the
final volume of the nitrogen, the heat transferred to the nitrogen, and
the entropy generation during this process are to be determined.

Assumptions: 1) Kinetic and potential energy changes are negligible.


2) Nitrogen and helium are ideal gases with constant specific heats at
room temperature. 3) The piston is adiabatic and frictionless.

Properties The properties of nitrogen at room temperature are R =


0.2968 kPa.m3 /kg.K, cp = 1.039 kJ/kg.K, cv = 0.743 kJ/kg.K, k = 1.4.
The properties for helium are R = 2.0769 kPa.m3 /kg.K, c p = 5.1926
kJ/kg.K, cv = 3.1156 kJ/kg.K, k = 1.667 (Table A-2).

Analysis (a) Helium undergoes an isentropic compression process, and


thus the final helium temperature is determined from

b) The initial and final volumes of the helium are

Then, the final volume of nitrogen becomes

(c)The mass and final temperature of nitrogen are


The heat transferred to the nitrogen is determined from an energy
balance

(d) Noting that helium undergoes an isentropic process, the entropy


generation is determined to be

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