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Basics of Computer Science

A guide to the basics of computer science for those interested in software engineering.

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tisyasureka14
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15 views

Basics of Computer Science

A guide to the basics of computer science for those interested in software engineering.

Uploaded by

tisyasureka14
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BASICS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

1. Programming Languages
Basics: Learn the syntax, logic, and structure of at least one programming language. Popular
beginner languages include:
 Python: Great for beginners due to its readability.
 Java: Common in industry and useful for understanding object-oriented
programming.
 JavaScript: Essential for web development.
Advanced: As you progress, you’ll want to learn more about memory management,
concurrency, and error handling in languages like C++ or Rust.
2. Data Structures
Understanding how data is organized, managed, and stored is crucial for efficient
programming.
 Arrays & Linked Lists: Store and manage collections of elements.
 Stacks & Queues: Used in various algorithms, including depth-first search (DFS) and
breadth-first search (BFS).
 Hash Maps/Hash Tables: Efficient for quick data lookups.
 Trees (Binary, AVL, etc.): Important for hierarchical data representation.
 Graphs: Useful for network analysis and relationships between objects.
3. Algorithms
Algorithms are the steps to solve problems, and optimizing them is key to efficient software.
 Sorting & Searching: Techniques like quicksort, mergesort, and binary search,
 Recursion: A powerful tool for breaking problems into smaller, repeatable steps.
 Dynamic Programming: Helps in solving problems by breaking them into sub-
problems.
 Time & Space Complexity: Learn Big-O notation to evaluate algorithm efficiency.
4. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
Most modern software uses OOP principles.
 Classes & Objects: Represent real-world entities and behaviours in code.
 Inheritance & Polymorphism: Reuse and extend functionality.
 Encapsulation & Abstraction: Manage complexity by hiding unnecessary details.
5. Databases
Software often needs to store, retrieve, and manipulate data.
 SQL: Learn how to interact with relational databases like MySQL or PostgreSQL.
 NoSQL: For non-relational databases like MongoDB, useful in handling large-scale,
unstructured data.
6. Operating Systems & Networking
Software engineers need to understand how their code interacts with the operating system and
networks.
 Processes & Threads: How OS handles multitasking and parallelism.
 Memory Management: Understand how memory is allocated, and garbage
collection.
 Networking Basics: Understanding HTTP, TCP/IP, DNS, and APIs for web and
network-based applications.
7. Version Control (Git)
Version control systems like Git are crucial for tracking changes in code, collaborating with
others, and managing large projects.
8. Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
Understanding the different phases of software development, from planning to deployment, is
essential.
 Agile & Scrum: Learn these common methodologies used in project management
and team collaboration.
9. Debugging & Testing
Learn how to identify and fix bugs in your code and write tests to ensure your software works
as expected.
 Unit Testing: Testing individual components.
 Integration Testing: Testing how components work together.
 Debugging Tools: Learn how to use debuggers to trace errors.
10. Problem-Solving
Constantly practice solving problems through platforms like:
 LeetCode
 HackerRank
 Codeforces

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