VIDHYALAKSHMI SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL (CBSE)

Chennangkuppam

WORKSHEET-6 (Sets – 4 marks) - ANSWERKEY

Class: XI Subject: Mathematics

1 If A, B and C are three sets, then prove that : A ∩ (B Δ C) = (A ∩ B) Δ (A ∩ C). 4
ANS: L.H.S. = A ∩ (B Δ C)
= A ∩ [(B – C) ∪ (C – B)]
= [A ∩ (B – C)] ∪ [A ∩ (C – B)]
= [(A ∩ B) – (A ∩ C)] ∪ [(A ∩ C) – (A ∩ B)]
= (A ∩ B) Δ (A ∩ C) = R.H.S.
2 There are 20 students in a Chemistry class and 30 students in a Physics class. Find the
number of students who are either in Physics class or Chemistry class in the following
cases :
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(i) Two classes meet at the same time.
(ii) The two classes meet at different hours and ten students are enrolled in both the
courses.
ANS: (i) n(C) + n(P) = 20 + 30 = 50
(ii) n(C) + n(P) – n(C ∩ P) = 20 + 30 – 10 = 40
3 If A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, B = {1, 3, 5, 8}, C = {2, 5, 7, 8}, verify that A – (B ∪ C) = (A – B) ∩ (A –
4
C).
ANS: LHS = B ∪ C = {1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8}
A – (B ∪ C) = {4}
RHS = A – B = {2, 4}; A – C = {1, 3, 4}
(A – B) ∩ (A – C) = {4}
Hence, A – (B ∪ C) = (A – B) ∩ (A – C)
4 In a class of 35 students, 17 have taken Mathematics, 10 have taken Mathematics but not
Economics. Find the number of students who have taken both Mathematics and
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Economics and the number of students who have taken Economics but not Mathematics, if
it is given that each student has taken either Mathematics or Economics or both.
ANS: M : Mathematics, E : Economics.

We have 17 = 10 + x ⇒ x = 7
7 students have taken both Mathematics and Economics.
Also, 17 + y = 35 ⇒ y = 35 – 17 = 18
18 students have taken Economics but not Mathematics.
5 In a survey of 5,000 people in a town, 2,250 were listed as reading English newspaper,
1,750 as reading Hindi newspaper and 875 were listed as reading both Hindi as well as
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English. Find how many people do not read Hindi or English newspaper. How many people
read only English newspaper?
ANS: Let A : People reading English newspaper.
B : People reading Hindi newspaper.
Given n(A) = 2,250, n(B) = 1,750, n(A ∩ B) = 875
∴ n(A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A ∩ B) = 2,250 + 1,750 – 875 = 3,125
∴ Number of people who do not read Hindi or English newspaper = 5,000 – 3,125 = 1,875.
Number of people reading only English newspaper = n (only A)
= n(A) – n(A ∩ B) = 2,250 – 875 = 1,375.
6 A college awarded 38 medals in football, 15 in basketball and 20 in cricket. If these medals
went to a total of 58 men and only three men got medals in all the three sports. How many 4
received medals in exactly two of the three sports ?
ANS: A : Football, B : Basketball, C : Cricket
a, b, c represent men getting medals in exactly two sports.
 n(A ∪ B ∪ C) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C) – n(A ∩ B) – n(A ∩ C) – n(C ∩ A) + n(A ∩ B ∩ C)
⇒ 58 = 38 + 15 + 20 – {n(A ∩ B) + n(B ∩ C) + n(C ∩ A)} + 3
⇒ n(A ∩ B) + n(B ∩ C) + n(C ∩ A) = 76 – 58 = 18
⇒ (a + 3) + (b + 3) + (c + 3) = 18
⇒a+b+c=9
Hence 9 men received medals in exactly two of the three sports.
7 If A = {1, 2, 5}, B = {1, 2, 3, 4}, C = {5, 6, 2}, then verify that :
(i) A × (B ∩ C) = (A × B) ∩ (A × C) 4
(ii) (A – B) × C = (A × C) – (B × C).
ANS: Given, A = {1, 2, 5}, B = {1, 2, 3, 4}, C = {5, 6, 2}
(i) LHS = B ∩ C = {2}
A × (B ∩ C) = {1, 2, 5} × {2} = {(1, 2), (2, 2), (5, 2)} ...(i)
RHS = A × B = {1, 2, 5} × {1, 2, 3, 4} = {(1, 1), (1, 2) (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4),
(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4)}
A × C= {1, 2, 5} × {5, 6, 2} = {(1, 5), (1, 6), (1, 2), (2, 5), (2, 6), (2, 2), (5, 5), (5, 6), (5, 2)}
(A × B) ∩ (A × C) = {(1, 2), (2, 2), (5, 2)} ...(ii)
Hence, LHS = RHS [From (i), (ii)]
(ii) LHS = A – B = {5}
(A – B) × C = {5} × {5, 6, 2} ...(i)
= {(5, 5), (5, 6), {5, 2}
RHS = A × C = {1, 2, 5} × (5, 6, 2) = {(1, 5), (1, 6) (1, 2), (2, 5), (2, 6), (2, 2), (5, 5), (5, 6),
(5, 2)}
B × C= {1, 2, 3, 4} × {5, 6, 2} = {(1, 5), (1, 6), (1, 2), (2, 5), (2, 6), (2, 2), (3, 5), (3, 6), (3, 2),
(4, 5), (4, 6), (4, 2)}
(A × C) – (B × C) = {(5, 5), (5, 6), (5, 2)} ...(ii)
∴ LHS = RHS [From (i), (ii)]
8 In an examination, 80% students passed in Mathematics, 72% passed in Science and 13%
failed in both the subjects, if 312 students passed in both the subjects. Find the total 4
number of students who appeared in the examination.
ANS: Let total students = 100 Let n(U) = 100
Then number of students passing in Mathematics = 80, n(M) = 80
Number of students passing in Science = 72, n(S) = 72
Number of students passing in at least one of the Subjects = 87, n(M ∪ S) = 87
∴ n(M ∪ S) = n(M) + n(S) – n(M ∩ S)
⇒ 87 = 80 + 72 – n(M ∩ S)
⇒ n(M ∪ S) = 65
So 65% passed in both the subjects.
Let total number of students = x
⇒ 65% of x = 312

⇒x= × 312 = 480.

Total number of students are 480.
9 Let A, B and C be three sets such that A ∪ B = A ∪ C and A ∩ B = A ∩ C. Show that B = C. 4
ANS: We have A ∪ B = A ∪ C
⇒ (A ∪ B) ∩ C = (A ∪ C) ∩ C
⇒ (A ∩ C) ∪ (B ∩ C) = C
⇒ (A ∩ B) ∪ (B ∩ C) = C …(i)
[As A ∩ C = A ∩ B]
Again A ∪ B = A ∪ C
⇒ (A ∪ B) ∩ B = (A ∪ C) ∩ B
⇒ B = (A ∩ B) ∪ (B ∩ C) …(ii)
From (i) and (ii), we get B = C
10 If P(A) = P(B). Show that A = B. 4
ANS: Let x ∈ A, then there exists, a subset say X of set A such that x ∈ X.
 Now X ⊆ A ⇒ X ∈ P(A) ⇒ X ∈ P(B) [as P(A) = P(B)]
⇒X⊆B⇒x∈B
⇒x∈A⇒x∈B⇒A⊆B …(i)
Now let y ∈ B, then there exists, a subset say Y of set B, such that y ∈ B.
Y ⊆ B ⇒ Y ∈ P(B) ⇒ Y ∈ P(A)
⇒Y⊆A⇒y∈A
∴ y∈B⇒y∈A⇒B⊆A …(ii)
⇒A=B [From (i) and (ii)]
11 In a school there are 20 teachers who teach mathematics or physics. Of these 12 teach
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mathematics and 4 teach both physics and mathematics. How many teach physics ?
ANS: Let, M : Teachers teaching mathematics and P : Teachers teaching physics
Given, n(M ∪ P) = 20, n(M) = 12,
n(M ∩ P) = 4, n(P) = ?
We have,
n(M ∪ P) = n(M) + n(P) – n(M ∩ P)
⇒ 20 = 12 + n(P) – 4 ⇒ n(P) = 12
⇒ 12 teachers teach physics.
12 Let U ={1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8}, A = {2, 3, 4}, B = {3, 4, 5}. Show that (A ∪ B)′ = A′ ∩ B′ and (A ∩
4
B)′ = A′ ∪ B′
ANS: Given U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8}, A = {2, 3, 4}, B = {3, 4, 5}
A ∪ B = {2, 3, 4} ∪ {3, 4, 5} = {2, 3, 4, 5}
∴ (A ∪ B)′ = {2, 3, 4, 5}′ = {1, 6, 8} ... (i)
A′ = {2, 3, 4}′ = {1, 5, 6, 8}
B′ = {3, 4, 5} = {1, 2, 6, 8}
∴ A′ ∩ B′ = {1, 5, 6, 8} ∩ {1, 2, 6, 8} = {1, 6, 8} ... (ii)
From (i) and (ii), we get
(A ∪ B)′ = A′ ∪ B′.
Now, A ∩ B = {2, 3, 4} ∩ {3, 4, 5} = {3, 4}
(A ∩ B)′ = {1, 2, 5, 6, 8} ... (iii)
A′ ∪ B′ = {1, 5, 6, 8} ∪ {1, 2, 6, 8} = {1, 2, 5, 6, 8} ... (iv)
From (iii) and (iv), we get
(A ∩ B)′ = A′ ∪ B′.
13 In a survey of 100 persons it was found that 28 read magazine A, 30 read magazine B, 42
read magazine C, 8 read magazines A and B, 10 read magazines A and C, 5 read
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magazines B and C and 3 read all the three magazines. Find, how many persons read
none of the three magazines and also find, how many persons read magazine C only
ANS:

Given,
a + d + e + g = 28 ... (i)
c + d + f + g = 30 ... (ii)
b + e + f + g = 42 ... (iii)
d+g=8 ... (iv)
e + g = 10 ... (v)
f+g=5 (vi)
g=3 (vii)
From (i) to (vii), we get
g = 3, f = 2, e = 7, d = 5
b = 30, c = 20, a = 13
∴ Persons reading only magazine C = 30.
Persons reading none of the magazines
= 100 – [13 + 30 + 20 + 5 + 7 + 2 + 3] = 100 – 80 = 20
14 Let U = {x ∈ N : x ≤ 8}, A = {x ∈ N : 5 < x2 < 50} and B = {x ∈ N : x is prime number less
4
than 10}. Draw a Venn diagram to show the relationship between the given sets. Hence list
 the elements of the following sets (i) A′ (ii) B′ (iii) A – B (iv) A ∩ B′
ANS: U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
A = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7} ; B = {2, 3, 5, 7}

(i) A′ = {1, 2, 8} (ii) B′ = {1, 4, 6, 8}

(iii) A – B = {4, 6} (iv) A ∩ B′ = {4, 6}
15 A survey shows that 63% of the Americans like cheese whereas 76% like apples. If x% of
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the Americans like both cheese and apples, find the value of x.
ANS: n (A) = 63, n (B) = 76
n (A ∪ B) = n (A) + n (B) – n (A ∩ B)
⇒ n (A ∪ B) + n (A ∩ B) = 63 + 76 = 139
n (A ∩ B) = 139 – n (A ∪ B)
Now since n (A ∪ B) ≤ 100
∴ n (A ∩ B) ≥ 139 – 100
n (A ∩ B) ≥ 39 ...(i)
Now (A ∩ B) ⊆ A and (A ∩ B) ⊆ B
⇒ n (A ∩ B) ≤ 63 and n (A ∩ B) ≤ 76
⇒ n (A ∩ B) ≤ 63 ...(ii)
From (i) and (ii), 39 ≤ n (A ∩ B) ≤ 63.
∴ 39 ≤ x ≤ 63
16 In a locality of 500 people, people speak Bengali or Urdu or both. 270 speak Bengali only
and 75 speak both Bengali and Urdu. How many of them speak Urdu ? Also find how many 4
speak Urdu only ?
ANS: x → Urdu ; y → Urdu only

500 = 270 + x
⇒ x = 230
x = 75 + y
⇒ y = 230 – 75 = 155
People speaking Urdu = 230.
People speaking Urdu only = 155.
17 In a group, students know at least one of the languages Hindi or English. 150 students
know Hindi and 60 know English and 10 know both Hindi and English. If there are 20
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students who know neither of the two languages, how many students are there in the
group ?
ANS: H – Hindi; E – English.

x = 150 + 60 – 10 = 200
20 know neither of the two
∴ Total students = 200 + 20 = 220.
18 A survey was conducted of the TV programmes watched by 120 students of a school
hostel. It was revealed that 70 students watched „Discovery Channel‟ and 56 students
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watched “Sports Channel” whereas 24 watched both the programmes. Find the number of
students who did not watch TV on that day.
ANS: DC : Discovery channel
 SC : Sports channel
x = 70 + 56 – 24 = 102
Number of students who did not watch TV = 120 – 102 = 18.
19 In the given Venn diagram, if n (U) = 100, n (A) = 60, n (B) = 48, n (A ∩ B) = 22 and n (A ∩
C) = 30.
(i) Mark the number of elements in each region.
(ii) Find the value of n (A ∪ B)
(iii) n (B′ ∩ C′)

ANS:

(i)
(ii) n (A ∪ B) = 30 + 8 + 22 + 26 = 86
(iii) n (B ∪ C) = 48 + 30 = 78
⇒ n (B′ ∩ C′) = n {(B ∪ C)′} = 100 – 78 = 22
20 The report of one survey of 100 students studying languages Hindi, Bengali and Tamil are
as follows :
All the three languages 5 students, Hindi and Bengali 10 students, Bengali and Tamil 8 4
students, Tamil and Hindi 20 students, Bengali 30 students, Hindi 23 students, Tamil 50
students. The surveyor who prepared the report was shown the door. Why ?
ANS: g = 5; f + g = 10; g + e = 8
d + g = 20; c + f + g + e = 30;
a + f + d + g = 23
b + d + g + e = 50

From the information, we get

f = 5, e = 3, d = 15, c = 17, a = – 2
As a = –2 is not valid, so report is faulty, so he was shown the door.
21 In a group of 65 people, 40 like cricket, 10 like both cricket and tennis. How many like
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tennis only and not cricket ? How many like tennis ?
ANS: 65 = 40 + n(T) – 10 ⇒ n(T) = 35
n(T – C) = 35 – 10 = 25

''Why do children dread mathematics? Because of the wrong

approach. Because it is looked at as a subject.'' - Shakuntala Devi
PREPARED BY
A.IRUDAYASELVAM, PGT
MATHEMATICS