Optimal Solution For Data Transfer And

Analysis Using Wireless Mesh Network For

Precision Agriculture
Mallikarjun B C Priyanka G V Sripriya R V
Dept. of Electronics and Dept. of Electronics and Dept. of Electronics and
Telecommunication Telecommunication Telecommunication
Siddaganga Institute of Technology Siddaganga Institute of Technology Siddaganga Institute of Technology
Tumkur,India Tumkur,India Tumkur,India
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Kalpashree B M
Dept. of Electronics and
Telecommunication
Siddaganga Institute of Technology
Tumkur,India
[email protected]

Abstract – Data transfer refers to the process of moving data of mesh network for the smart agriculture is carried out to
from one location to another. Data transfer in agriculture fetch the sensor data from the farm field to the end user
enables real-time transmission and analysis of sensor data wirelessly and to monitor and control the farm field irrigation
thereby optimizing crop growth and resource management. wirelessly in an effective way.
Wireless mesh networks are used to provide an optimal solution
for addressing the challenges of data transfer and analysis. The
integration IoT (Internet of Things), cloud computing and
optimization tools in the system enables scalable and adaptable II. LITERATURE REVIEW
agricultural systems promoting sustainable farming practices. Article [1] represents the utilization of Wireless Sensor
The observational results provide compelling evidence of the Networks (WSNs) in precision agriculture. By implementing
system’s ability to enhance agricultural productivity and automated systems that monitor and adjust environment
optimizing resource utilization.
factors such as soil moisture, temperature, and humidity in
Keywords—Internet of Things(IoT), ThingSpeak, NodeMCU. real-time, farmers optimize resource usage for improved crop
yields and profitability. Here mesh network configuration of
I. INTRODUCTION nodes serves as both sensors and actuators for drip irrigation
Advancements in technology a rapidly transforming regulation and hence increasing productivity.
various industries, including agriculture. By integrating IoT
devices and cloud computing agriculture becomes more Article [2] uses Bluetooth Mesh technology for smart
efficient and accessible. These technologies make people home security, allowing users to control door locks remotely
world wide to contribute to agricultural progress from any and monitor network nodes via a cloud-connected gateway.
location. Mesh Networks in agriculture enables farmers to It gives existing literature on IoT applications, particularly in
monitor parameters such as soil moisture, temperature and smart home security, shedding light on advancements and
humidity providing timely decision-making for optimal crop challenges in implementing Bluetooth Mesh technology for
management by efficient data transmission [1]. indoor IoT systems.
Traditional network architectures often face difficulties in
managing the ever-changing and widely distributed Article [3] adjusts sensor node roles to optimize energy
communication environments. However mesh network consumption and reduce redundant data transmission by
provide a better and promising solution. Mesh Networking is distributing tasks uniformly across all nodes in a mesh grid in
a network topology wherein nodes are directly linked to each four states to prevent ;ink disconnection.
other, thereby efficiently sending and receiving data without a
central hub. It allows multiple devices to spread over a large Article [4] uses IoT technology to improve agricultural
physical area. If any node is removed from the network it is productivity by automatically monitoring temperature and soil
able to self-organize to make sure that the data packets reach moisture and humidity. By analysing data in real-time and
their destination. utilizing automation, this method improves accuracy and
efficiency in agricultural tasks.
The proposed work will ensure the data transfer wirelessly
using mesh network by using ESP32 and ESP8266 nodes. Article [5] provides information regarding WSN
ESP-MESH allows numerous devices ( generally referred as applications in agriculture, highlighting data transfer through
nodes) spread over a large physical area to be interconnected ZigBee and data storage in microcontrollers and also gives the
under a single Wireless Local Area Network(WLAN). ESP- knowledge about how the sensors are being placed in the field
MESH allows multiple nodes to communicate with each other and the information collected is being used by the farmers.
under single WLAN through Wi-Fi. This is work, realization
 Article [6] gives the design and implementation of a III. PROPOSED SYSTEM
LoRa-based smart agriculture system, utilizing its low -power
and long-range capabilities to transform traditional farming
This system employs a wireless mesh network to deliver
practices. The system’s performance is evaluated and
data efficiently. Key environmental variables such as soil
compared to existing frameworks, focusing on cost-
moisture and temperature are monitored using sensors. The
effectiveness, latency, and distance covered.
collected data is transmitted wirelessly within the mesh
network and is sent to the gateway. The processed data is
stored in the cloud for monitoring and analysis.
Article [7] introduces EMOR (Energy efficient Multi-
rate Opportunistic Routing), a multi-rate and multi-power Data from multiple sources is continuously transmitted across
routing protocol, which optimizes transmission rates and the network. End-users can access the transmitted data,
power levels for each node and by using different transmission allowing them to monitor and manage the systems effectively.
rates and power levels EMOR’s ability can be enhanced to
The operational flow diagram of the wireless mesh network is
effectively utilize the spatial diversity of the network.
illustrated in Figure 1.

Article [8] introduces robust data routing among mobile

mesh clients, routers, and gateways devices based on network
parameters and wireless channel measurements. Additionally,
it proposes a secure and authentic data protection technique
using public-private key cryptography, aiming to enhance the
protection of mesh clients with minimal overhead.
Article [9] proposes an irrigation control system using an
IoT platform to efficiently monitor agricultural fields. Sensors
measure soil moisture, humidity, temperature and rainfall,
transmitting data to a cloud for storage. The system allows
manual ON/OFF control of the motor pump through mobile
app and the system automatically starts watering the fields
when the soil gets too dry, ensuring optimal water use.
Article [10] addresses the need to integrate Wireless
Sensor Networks(WSNs) and Wireless Mesh
Networks(WMNs) to enhance IoT capabilities. This article
explores challenges, opportunities, and potential applications
of combined wireless Mesh Sensor Networks(WMSNs).

Article[11] proposes an IoT-based agriculture monitoring

system using LoRa WAN and ThingSpeak sensors collect
data such as soil moisture, humidity, temperature, pH, and soil
nutrients and transmits using LoRa WAN to Thingspeak for
storage which helps further to improve the productivity.

Article[12] introduces a system that uses Wireless Sensor Fig 1. Functional flow diagram
Networks and Internet of Things (IoT) to monitor parameters
such as temperature, humidity, and soil moisture for better The setup primarily comprises four nodes, specifically ESP32
crop growth. By using Raspberry Pi and cloud platforms, the and ESP8266, integrated with soil moisture sensors.
collected data is analysed with Machine Learning (ML) and
APIs to predict weather conditions.
Article[13] introduces a Wireless Sensor Network for
temperature and humidity monitoring, using ESP8266
modules three microcontrollers act as sensor nodes, linked to
cloud storage through ThingSpeak. It is deployed in a room
exhaust ventilation system (REVS) with 3G technology and it
enables remote monitoring through mobile apps storing the
data.

Article[14] presents a method for calibrating temperature and

ambient light sensors on a Raspberry Pi by using data from
different sensors. The main objective is to set standard
reference points for sensor readings and develop simple Fig 2. Block diagram of Wireless Mesh Network
algorithms to forecast temperature and light levels.
 Placement Soil Sensor Sensor
IV. WORKING PRINCIPLE
of SM conditi readings of readings of
sensor on ESP8266 ESP32
The system begins with the farmer selecting the land to
cultivate the crops. Soil moisture sensors are placed in the Air - 1020-1023 4000-4095
ground to measure moisture levels along with temperature Soil Dry 700-1000 3096-3875
sensors. These sensors will collect data like moisture content,
and the temperature of the soil. The collected data read by the Soil Wet 300-500 1580-1600
sensors are transmitted to each node i.e, for every ESP8266 water - Below 300 1005-1240
and ESP32 devices and create a mesh network as shown in Fig
2, meaning they can relay data to each other, creating a web-
like structure. If a sensor is too far from the gateway, it can Table 1. Soil state table
pass its data through neighbouring devices until it reaches the
destination as mesh network has the property of self- The table 1. displays soil moisture sensor readings
organizing and self-healing. corresponding to various soil conditions.
Once the soil moisture sensors are deployed and the mesh
network is formed, the measured moisture data is transmitted
wirelessly within the network. Each sensor node can act as
both a sender and a receiver, capable of relaying data to
neighbouring nodes within the mesh network. The gateway
collects the data from each node and the data is processed.
The gateway node in the mesh network has the capability
to connect to the internet. It uploads the collected soil moisture
data to the ThingSpeak cloud platform using protocols such as
HTTP. ThingSpeak stores the data and provides tools for
analysis and visualization. The soil moisture levels are
monitored. Using ThingSpeak’s data transmission and
analysis capabilities, users can understand soil moisture levels
better in order to improve irrigation plans and boost
agricultural productivity.
Fig 4: Sensor Node 1 (ESP32)

V. IMPLEMENTATION ANALYSIS AND RESULTS

Fig 5: Sensor Node 2 (ESP8266)

Fig 3 . Sensors deployment

Based on the observations, once sensors aredeployed as The Fig 4 and 5 represents the sensor nodes of ESP32
shown in Fig 3 it can be seen that the soil moisture sensors and ESP8266. Similarly connections are made to all 4 nodes
are able to accurately detect the moisture level of the soil. and with the help of painless mesh library which is a true ad
First we have taken a soil moisture sensor and given the hoc network, mesh network is created among all the nodes.
power supply then tested in different stages
After mesh network is created the data readings from
respective nodes are received by the gateway node such as Fig 7. Serial monitor of BME280 sensor node 1 (ESP32/ESP8266)
the soil moisture value as shown in Fig 6.

All the sensors readings values are being continuously

updated in the ThingSpeak cloud platform through the
gateway node. This allows for easy monitoring and tracking
of the soil moisture levels in real-time.

Fig 8.Monitoring of soil moisture sensor data on a ThingSpeak

Fig 6. Gateway serial monitor of soil moisture level Server.

After uploading the code to all ESP32 and ESP8266 boards

(each board with a different node number), in serial monitor
we can see that each board is receiving the other board’s
messages. The following Fig 7 shows the messages such as
temperature, pressure and humidity received by node 1. It
receives the sensor readings from all other nodes.

Fig 9: Monitoring of BME280 sensor data on a ThingSpeak

Server
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Integrating the data values with the cloud platforms such
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conditions. Analysis of the data from the cloud helps the
farmers to improve the crop yield and resource efficiency.

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