CS 233 OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING AND

DESIGN PATTERNS
(OOPDP)

Shamama Anwar
Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra.
[email protected]
9431103880
Module - IV
Exception Handling and GUI Design
Exception Handling
• When to use exception handling
• Java exception hierarchy
• finally block
• Stack unwinding
• Chained exceptions, Declaring new exception types, Assertions, try
with resources.
GUI Design
• Simple I/O with GUI
• Basic GUI Components
• GUI Event handling, Adapter classes, Layout managers, using Panels

By: Shamama Anwar

2
Exception Handling
• An exception is an error condition that changes the normal flow of control in a
program.

• When a program encounters and unexpected termination or fault, it is called an

exception . Eg: when we try and divide by 0 we terminate abnormally.

• Exception handling gives us another opportunity to recover from the

abnormality.

• Sometimes we might encounter situations from which we cannot recover like

Outofmemory. These are considered as errors.

By: Shamama Anwar

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Exception Hierarchy
Java.lang.Throwable

Error Exception

AssertionError ……. IOError NoSuch NoSuch Instantiation Runtime

…….
Field Method Exception Exception
Exception Exception

IndexOut NullPointer Arithmetic

……………….. Exception
OfBounds Exception
Exception

StringIndex ArrayIndex
OutOfBounds OutOfBounds
Exception Exception
By: Shamama Anwar
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Exception Types
Checked Exception

• Exceptions which are checked for during compile time are called checked
exceptions.

• A checked exception either must be caught by a method, or must be listed in

the throws clause of any method that may throw or propagate it.

• The compiler will issue an error if a checked exception is not caught or

asserted in a throws clause

• Example: NoSuchFieldException, NoSuchMethodException

By: Shamama Anwar

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Exception Types
Unchecked Exception

• Exceptions which are not checked for during compile time are called
unchecked exception.

• The exceptions raised, if not handled will be handled by the Java Virtual
Machine. The Virtual machine will print the stack trace of the exception
indicating the stack of exception and the line where it was caused.

• The only unchecked exceptions in Java are objects of type

RuntimeException or any of its descendants

• Example: ArithemticException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException

By: Shamama Anwar

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Some Exception Examples
ArithmeticException
int a = 50/0;

NullPointerException
String s = null;
System.out.println(s.length());

NumberFormatException

String s = “abc”;
int a = Integer.parseInt(s);

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException

int a = new int[5]’;

a[6] = 12;

By: Shamama Anwar

7
Exception Handling Techniques
• try catch
• throw
• throws
• finally

try catch
• Can be placed within any method that can throw an exception.

• The statements to be tried for exceptions are put in a try block.

• Immediately following the try block is the catch block.

• Catch block is used to catch any exception raised from the try block.

• When an exception occurs, processing continues at the first catch clause that
matches the exception type.

By: Shamama Anwar

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Exception Handling Techniques
try {
… normal program code
}
catch(Exception e) {
… exception handling code
}

By: Shamama Anwar

9
Exception Handling - try catch
import java.util.Scanner;
class test
{ public static void main(String args[])
{
int a, b, c;
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println(“Enter two numbers:”);
a = sc.nextInt();
b = sc.nextInt();
c = a / b;
System.out.println(“Result:”+c);
}
}

Exception in thread main java.lang.ArithmeticException:/ by zero

By: Shamama Anwar

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Exception Handling - try catch – Example 1
import java.util.Scanner;
class test
{ public static void main(String args[])
{
int a, b, c;
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println(“Enter two numbers:”);
a = sc.nextInt();
b = sc.nextInt();
try
{
c = a / b;
System.out.println(“Result:”+c);
}
catch(ArithmeticException e)
{ System.out.println(“ERROR”+e); }
System.out.println(“After try catch”);
}
}
By: Shamama Anwar
11
Exception Handling - try catch – Example 2
class test
{ int a, b;
test()
{
a=5;
b=0;
}
test(int a, int b)
{
this.a = a;
this.b = b;
}
int div()
{
return (a/b);
}
}

By: Shamama Anwar

12
Exception Handling - try catch – Example 2
class demo
{ public static void main(String args[])
{ int a, b;
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println(“Enter two numbers:”);
a = sc.nextInt();
b = sc.nextInt();
test t1 = new test(a,b);
try
{
System.out.println(“Result:”+t1.div());
}
catch(ArithmeticException e)
{ System.out.println(“ERROR”+e); }
System.out.println(“After try catch”);
}
}

By: Shamama Anwar

13
Exception Handling – Multiple catch
• Multiple catch clauses can be written against a try block.

• As soon as an exception occurs, the first appropriate catch clause is

responsible for handling the exception.

• At a time only one Exception occurs and at a time only one catch block is
executed.

• All catch blocks must be ordered from most specific to most general i.e. catch
for ArithmeticException must come before catch for Exception .

By: Shamama Anwar

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Exception Handling – Multiple catch
class Test
{ public static void main(String args[])
{
try
{
int a[]=new int[5];
a[5]=30/0;
}
catch(Exception e)
{System.out.println("common task completed");}
catch(ArithmeticException e)
{System.out.println("task1 is completed");}
catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e)
{System.out.println("task 2 completed");}
System.out.println("rest of the code...");
}
}

By: Shamama Anwar

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Exception Handling – Multiple catch
public class Test
{ public static void main(String args[])
{ try
{ int a[]=new int[5];
a[5]=30/0;
}
catch(ArithmeticException e)
{System.out.println("task1 is completed");}
catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e)
{System.out.println("task 2 completed");}
catch(Exception e)
{System.out.println("common task completed");}
System.out.println("rest of the code...");
}
}

By: Shamama Anwar

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Program
• WAP to create an array and ask user to input values into it. Then ask the user
to choose an array index number and divide the entire array by the value at
that array location. Use exception handling mechanism wherever required.

By: Shamama Anwar

17
Exception Handling Techniques
throw

• It is used to explicitly throw an exception.

• An object of exception needs to be created before they are thrown.

• throw is more useful when we want to throw a user defined exception.

throw new ArithmeticException();

• Since it is a transfer statement , we can not place statements after throw

statement. It leads to compile time error Unreachable code

By: Shamama Anwar

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Exception Handling – throw – Example 1
public class TestThrow1
{
static void validate(int age)
{
if(age<18)
throw new ArithmeticException("not valid");
else
System.out.println("welcome to vote");
}

public static void main(String args[])

{
validate(13);
System.out.println("rest of the code...");
}
}

By: Shamama Anwar

19
Exception Handling – throw – Example 2
public class TestThrow1
{ static void validate(int age)
{ try { if(age<18)
throw new ArithmeticException();
else
System.out.println("welcome to vote");
}
catch(ArithmeticException ae)
{ System.out.println(“Invalid age !!”); }
}

public static void main(String args[])

{
validate(13);
System.out.println("rest of the code...");
}
}

By: Shamama Anwar

20
Exception Handling – throw – Example 3
public class TestThrow1
{ public static void main(String args[])
{ method1(); }
static void method1()
{ System.out.println(“In method1, calling method2”);
method2();
System.out.println(“Returned from method2”); }
static void method2()
{ System.out.println(“In method2, calling method3”);
try { method3(); }
catch(Exception e){System...(“Exception handled”+e);}
System.out.println(“Returned from method3”); }
static void method3()
{ System.out.println(“In method3”);
throw new rithmeticException(“Testing throw”);
System.out.println(Returning from method3);}
}

By: Shamama Anwar

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Exception Handling – nested try
class Nest { public static void main(String args[])
{ try { try { System.out.println("Inside block1");
int b =45/0; System.out.println(b); }
catch(ArithmeticException e1){
System.out.println("Exception: e1"); }
try { System.out.println("Inside block2");
int b =45/0; System.out.println(b); }
catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e2){
System.out.println("Exception: e2"); }
System.out.println("Just other statement"); }
catch(ArithmeticException e3){
System.out.println("Arithmetic Exception");
System.out.println("Inside parent try catch block"); }
catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e4){
System.out.println("ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException");
System.out.println("Inside parent try catch block"); }
catch(Exception e5){ System.out.println("Exception");
System.out.println("Inside parent try catch block"); }
System.out.println("Next statement.."); } }
By: Shamama Anwar
22
Exception Handling Techniques
throws

• It is added to the method signature to let the caller know about what
exceptions the called method can throw.

• It is the responsibility of the caller to either handle the exception or it can also
pass the exception (by specifying throws clause)

public void f1() throws new ArithmeticException()

{ . . . }

By: Shamama Anwar

23
 Exception Handling – throws – Example 1
class M
{
void method()throws IOException
{ throw new IOException("device error"); }
}
public class Testthrows2
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
try
{ M m=new M();
m.method();
}
catch(Exception e){System…..("exception handled");}
System.out.println("normal flow...");
}
}

By: Shamama Anwar

24
 Exception Handling – throws – Example 2
class M
{
void method()throws IOException
{
System.out.println("device operation performed");
}
}
class Testthrows3
{ public static void main(String args[])throws IOException
{
M m=new M();
m.method();
System.out.println("normal flow...");
}
}

By: Shamama Anwar

25
Exception Handling – throws – Example 3
class Testthrows1{
void m()throws IOException{
throw new IOException("device error"); }
void n()throws IOException{
m(); }
void p(){
try{
n();}
catch(Exception e){System…..("exception handled");}
}
public static void main(String args[]){
Testthrows1 obj=new Testthrows1();
obj.p();
System.out.println("normal flow...");
}
}

By: Shamama Anwar

26
 Exception Handling – throws – Example 4
public class TestThrow1
{ public static void main(String args[])
{ method1(); }
static void method1()
{ System.out.println(“In method1, calling method2”);
method2();
System.out.println(“Returned from method2”); }
static void method2()
{ System.out.println(“In method2, calling method3”);
try { method3(); }
catch(Exception e){System...(“Exception handled”+e);}
System.out.println(“Returned from method3”); }
static void method3() throws Exception
{ System.out.println(“In method3”);
if(b==0)
throw new rithmeticException(“Testing throw”);
else
System.out.println(“Result:”+a/b);
} } Anwar
By: Shamama
27
Exception Handling Techniques
finally

• The finally block is always executed irrespective of whether an exception is

thrown from within the try block or not.

try {. . .} catch(Exception e){. . .} finally {. . .}

By: Shamama Anwar

28
 Exception Handling – finally – Example 1
class TestFinallyBlock
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
try
{ int data=25/5;
System.out.println(data);
}
catch(NullPointerException e)
{System.out.println(e);}
finally
{ System.out.println(“Finally block”); }
System.out.println("rest of the code...");
}
}

By: Shamama Anwar

29
 Exception Handling – finally – Example 2
class TestFinallyBlock
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
try
{ int data=25/0;
System.out.println(data);
}
catch(NullPointerException e)
{System.out.println(e);}
finally
{ System.out.println(“Finally block”); }
System.out.println("rest of the code...");
}
}

By: Shamama Anwar

30
 Exception Handling – finally – Example 3
class TestFinallyBlock
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
try
{ int data=25/0;
System.out.println(data);
}
catch(ArithmeticException e)
{System.out.println(e);}
finally
{ System.out.println(“Finally block”); }
System.out.println("rest of the code...");
}
}

By: Shamama Anwar

31
Exception Handling – finally – Example 4
class finallydemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{ method1();
System.out.println(“Result :”+method2(24,0)); }
static void method1()
{ try {
System.out.println(“In method 1”);
throw new NullPointerException(); }
catch(Exception e)
{ System.out.println(“Exception Handled: ””+e); }
finally {
System.out.println(“In method1 finally”); }}

By: Shamama Anwar

32
User Defined / Custom Exceptions
• Java allows the user to create their own exception.

• The mandatory requirement is that the class should be a subclass of the

Exception class.

• The custom exception class should provide a constructor which takes

the exception description as its argument.

class A extends Exception

{ A()
{ super(); }
A(String s)
{ super(s); }
}

By: Shamama Anwar

33
User Defined / Custom Exceptions – Example 1
class InvalidAgeException extends Exception
{
InvalidAgeException(String s)
{ super(s); }
}
class TestCustomException1
{ static void validate(int age)throws InvalidAgeException
{ if(age<18)
throw new InvalidAgeException("not valid");
else
System.out.println("welcome to vote"); }
public static void main(String args[])
{ try
{ validate(13); }
catch(Exception m)
{System.out.println("Exception occured: "+m);}
System.out.println("rest of the code...");
}
} Shamama Anwar
By:
34
User Defined / Custom Exceptions – Example 2
public class InvalidRadiusException extends Exception
{
private double radius;
InvalidRadiusException()
{ super(“invalid radius!”); }
InvalidRadiusException(double radius)
{ super("Invalid radius ”);
this.radius = radius;
}
public double getRadius() { return radius; }
}

By: Shamama Anwar

35
 User Defined / Custom Exceptions – Example 2
public class Circle
{ private double radius;
private static int numberOfObjects = 0;
Circle()
{ this(1.0); }
Circle(double n) throws InvalidRadiusException
{ setRad(n);
numberOfObjects++;
}
public void setRad(double n)throws InvalidRadiusException
{
if (newRadius >= 0)
radius = n;
else throw new InvalidRadiusException(n);
}
public static int getNumberOfObjects() {
return numberOfObjects;
}
}By: Shamama Anwar 36
 User Defined / Custom Exceptions – Example 2
public class Main
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
try
{
Circle c1 = new Circle(5);
c1.setRad(-5);
Circle c2 = new Circle(0);
}
catch (InvalidRadiusException ex) {
System.out.println(“Invalid Radius: ” + ex.getRadius());
}

System.out.println("Number of objects created: " +

Circle.getNumberOfObjects());
}
}By: Shamama Anwar 37
 Rethrowing Exception
public class RethrowingExceptions
{ static void divide()
{ int x,y,z;
try
{ x = 6 ;
y = 0 ;
z = x/y ;
System.out.println(x + "/"+ y +" = " + z); }
catch(ArithmeticException e)
{System….("Exception Caught in Divide()");
System…("Cannot Divide by Zero in Integer Division");
throw e; } }
public static void main(String[] args)
{ System.out.println("Start of main()");
try
{ divide(); }
catch(ArithmeticException e)
{ System…("Rethrown Exception Caught in Main()");
System.out.println(e);
By: Shamama Anwar } } 38
Stack Unwinding
import java.util.Scanner;
public class TakeInput
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Scanner s=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter an integer: ");
int num=s.nextInt();
System.out.println("You entered "+num);
} }
Enter an integer: Java
Exception in thread "main" java.util.InputMismatchException
at java.util.Scanner.throwFor(Scanner.java:840)
at java.util.Scanner.next(Scanner.java:1461)
at java.util.Scanner.nextInt(Scanner.java:2091)
at java.util.Scanner.nextInt(Scanner.java:2050)
at TakeInput.main(TakeInput.java:7)

By: Shamama Anwar

39
Stack Unwinding
• When an exception is thrown but not caught in a particular scope, the method-
call stack is "unwound," and an attempt is made to catch the exception in the
next outer try block. This process is called stack unwinding.

• Unwinding the method-call stack means that the method in which the exception
was not caught terminates, all local variables in that method go out of scope and
control returns to the statement that originally invoked that method.

• If a try block encloses that statement, an attempt is made to catch the

exception. If a try block does not enclose that statement, stack unwinding occurs
again.

By: Shamama Anwar

40
Stack Unwinding Example
public class UsingExceptions
{ public static void main( String args[] )
{ try
{ throwException(); }
catch ( Exception exception)
{ System…( "Exception handled in main" ); } }

public static void throwException() throws Exception

{ try
{System.out.println( "Method throwException" );
throw new Exception();}
catch ( RuntimeException runtimeException )
{System…("Exception handled in method throwException");}
finally
{System..( "Finally is always executed" ); }
} }

By: Shamama Anwar

41
Chained Exceptions
• Chained Exceptions allows to relate one exception with another exception, i.e
one exception describes cause of another exception.

• An application often responds to an exception by throwing another exception. In

effect, the first exception causes the second exception.

By: Shamama Anwar

42
Chained Exception Example
public class Main
{ public static void main (String args[])throws Exception
{ int n = 20, result = 0;
try
{ result = n/0;
System.out.println("The result is"+result);
}
catch(ArithmeticException ex)
{System….("Arithmetic exception occoured: "+ex);
try { throw new NumberFormatException(); }
catch(NumberFormatException ex1)
{System…("Chained exception thrown manually: "+ex1);
}
}
}
}

By: Shamama Anwar

43
GUI Introduction
• Applet is a small program
• can be placed on a web page
• will be executed by the web browser
• give web pages “dynamic content”

• Applets are Java programs that can be embedded in HTML documents

• To run an applet you must create a .html file which references the applet
• Ready to Program also will run an applet

• When browser loads Web page containing applet

• Applet downloads into Web browser
• begins execution

• Can be tested using appletviewer program

By: Shamama Anwar

44
Applet class hierarchy

java.lang.Object

java.awt.Component

java.awt.Container

java.awt.Panel

java.applet.Applet

By: Shamama Anwar

45
Applet vs Applications

Applet Application
Does not have a main() function. Execution begins from main()
Are not standalone programs. Needs Are standalone programs
to be embedded into webpages
Can only be executed in an Can be executed from command line
appletviewer or web browser

By: Shamama Anwar

46
Applet Life Cycle
init() Loading an
BORN Applet

start()

stop()
RUNNING IDLE
start()

destroy()
paint()

DEAD

By: Shamama Anwar

47
Applet Life Cycle
• init ( )
• Called when applet is loaded onto user’s machine. Prep work or one-time-only
work done at this time.
• start ( )
• Called when applet becomes visible (page called up). Called every time applet
becomes visible.
• stop ( )
• Called when applet becomes hidden (page loses focus).
• piant (Graphics g)
• Displays output
• destroy ( )
• Guaranteed to be called when browser shuts down.

By: Shamama Anwar

48
Useful Methods
• setBackground(Color c)

• setForeground(Color c)

• showStats(String s)

• update(): clears the surface of the calling component to its background

color and then calls paint()

• repaint(): calls paint()

By: Shamama Anwar

49
Graphics class
• drawArc(int x, int y, int width, int height, int
startAngle, int arcAngle): Draws the outline of an arc
• drawLine(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2): Draws a line
• drawPolygon(int [] x, int y[], int npoints): Draws a
polygon specified by the arrays of x and y coordinates.
• drawOval(int x, int y, int width, int height): Draws an
oval
• drawRoundRect(int x, int y, int width, int height, int
arcwidth, int archeight): Draws a rounded rectangle
• drawstring(String str, int x, int y): Draws the string on the
specified coordinates
• getColor(): Returns the graphic context’s current color
• setColor(Color c): Sets the drawing color
• getFont(): Returns the graphic context’s current font
• setFont(Font c): Sets the font

By: Shamama Anwar

50
Applet Program: Example 1
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class FirstApplet extends Applet
{ public void init()
{ setBackground(Color.white);
setForeground(Color.black);
}
public void paint(Graphics g)
{ g.drawstring(“My Applet”, 50, 50);
}
}

By: Shamama Anwar

51
How to run an applet
1. Save the file as FirstApplet.java and compile by using javac.
2. Type the following code into a text editor and save it as FirstApplet.html
<HTML><BODY>
<APPLET code = “FirstApplet.class” WIDTH = 200
HEIGHT = 200>
</APPLET>
</BODY></HTML>
3. Execute the HTML file as:
appletviewer FirstApplet.html

1. Type the following code at the top of the file FirstApplet.java

/* <APPLET code = “FirstApplet.class” WIDTH = 200
HEIGHT = 200></APPLET> */
2. Execute the applet as:
appletviewer FirstApplet.java

By: Shamama Anwar

52
The Applet tag
<APPLET [CODEBASE=codebasedURL] code = appletFile [ALT
= alternate text] [NAME = name] WIDTH = w HEIGHT = h
[ALIGN = alignment] [VSPACE = v] [HSPACE = hs]>
[<PARAM NAME = attributeName VALUE = attributeValue]
……
</APPLET>

CODEBASE: It specifies the URL of the directory where the executable class file
will be searched for
ALT: It specifies the text to display in case the applet cannot be displayed.
NAME: gives a name to the applet
ALIGN: sets the alignment (LEFT, RIGHT, TOP, BOTTOM..)
VSPACE: specifies the space (in pixels) above and below the applet.
HSPACE: specifies the space (in pixels) on each side of the applet.
PARAM: It is used to supply user defined parameters to the applet

By: Shamama Anwar

53
AWT
• java.awt contains all classes for creating a GUI.

Component
Frame
Container Window
Dialog
Canvas Panel

Button

Checkbox

Choice

Label

List

Scrollbar

TextField
TextComponent
TextArea
By: Shamama Anwar
54
Component class
• Component is the superclass of most of the displayable classes defined within
the AWT. It is abstract.

• The Component class defines data and methods which are relevant to all
Components

void setBounds(int x, int y, int height, int width)

void setSize(int height, int width)
void setFont(Font f)
void setEnabled(boolean)
void setVisible(boolean)
void setForeground(Color c)
void setBackground(Color c)

By: Shamama Anwar

55
Container class
• Container is a subclass of Component.

• Containers contain components. For a component to be placed on the screen, it

must be placed within a Container

• The Container class defined all the data and methods necessary for managing
groups of Components

void add(Component c)
Component getComponent(int n)
Dimension getMaximumSize()
Dimension getMinimumSize()
Dimesion getPreferredSize()
void remove(Component c)
void removeAll()

By: Shamama Anwar

56
Window and Panel class
Window class
• The Window class defines a top-level Window with no Borders or Menu bar,
usually used for application splash screens

• Frame defines a top-level Window with Borders and a Menu Bar. Frames are
more commonly used than Windows

• Once defined, a Frame is a Container which can contain Components

Panel class

• When writing a GUI application, the GUI portion can become quite complex.

• To manage the complexity, GUIs are broken down into groups of components.
Each group generally provides a unit of functionality.

• A Panel is a rectangular Container whose sole purpose is to hold and manage

components within a GUI.

By: Shamama Anwar

57
Other Component sub classes
Button
• void addActionListener(ActionListener al)
• String getActionCommand()
• ActionListener[] getActionListeners()
• String paramString()
• void removeActionListener(ActionListener al)
• void setActionCommand(String command)

Label
• String getText()
• void setText(String s)

By: Shamama Anwar

58
Other Component sub classes
List
• void add(String item)
• Void add(String item, int index)
• void addActionListener(ActionListener al)
• void addItemListener(ItemListener il)
• void deselect(int index)
• ActionListener[] getActionListeners()
• ItemListener[] getItemListeners()
• String [] getItems()
• int getSelectedIndex()
• int[] getSelectedIndexes()
• String getSelectedItem()
• String[] getSelectedItems()
• void remove(int position)
• void remove(String item)
• void removeActionListener(ActionListener al)
• void removeItemListener(ItemListener il)
• void removeAll()

By: Shamama Anwar

59
Other Component sub classes
TextField
• void addActionListener(ActionListener al)
• ActionListener[] getActionListeners()
• int getColumns()
• String paramString()
• void setColumns(int columns)
• void setText(String s)
• void removeActionListener(ActionListener al)

Checkbox
• void addItemListener(ItemListener il)
• CheckboxGroup getCheckboxGroup()
• String getLabel()
• ItemListener[] getItemListeners()
• boolean getState()
• String paramString()
• void removeItemListener(ItemListener il)
• void setCheckboxGroup(CheckboxGroup ckbg)
• void setLabel(String label)
• void setState(boolean state)

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Example 1
/*<applet code = Demo.class width=400 height=200></applet>*/
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class Demo extends Applet
{ public void init()
{ setBackground(Color.white);
Text on the button
setForeground(Color.black);
Button red = new Button(“RED”);
Checkbox text
label l1 = new Label(“COLOUR”);
Checkbox chk = new Checkbox(“Yes”,null,false);
add(red); Checkbox group Checkbox on
add(l1);
add(chk);
}
public void paint(Graphics g)
{ g.drawstring(“My Applet”, 50, 50);
}
}
By: Shamama Anwar
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Event classes and Listeners
Events Classes Description Event Listeners
ActionEvent Generated when a component defined action ActionListener
occurred
AdjustmentEvent When scrollbar is adjusted AdjustmentListener
ContainerEvent When an element is added or removed from a ContainerListener
container
FocusEvent When a component gains or loses focus FocusListener
KeyEvent When input is received from keyboard KeyListener
ComponentEvent When a component is moved or changed size ComponentListener
MouseEvent An event indicating mouse action MouseListener/
MouseMotionListen
er
ItemEvent Generated when an item state changes ItemListener
TextEvent When an object’s text changes TextListener
WindowEvent When a window has changed its tstus WindowListener

By: Shamama Anwar

62
Different component sub classes and their Events
Components Event Events Type Event Listeners Method Name
Click ActionEvent ActionListener actionPerformed()
Button Focus gained/ focus FocusEvent FocusListener focusGained() /
lost focusLost()
Selection / ItemEvent ItemListener itemStateChanged()
Checkbox
Deselection
Selection / ItemEvent ItemListener itemStateChanged()
Choice
Deselection
Selection / ItemEvent ItemListener itemStateChanged()
Deselection
List
Double Clicking an ActionEvent ActionListener actionPerformed()
item
Focus gained/ focus FocusEvent FocusListener focusGained() /
lost focusLost()
TextField
Press enter key ActionEvent ActionListener actionPerofrmed()
Text Changes TextEvent TextListener textValueChanged()

By: Shamama Anwar Back

63
Different component sub classes and their Events
Components Event Events Type Event Listeners Method Name
Focus gained / FocusEvent FocusListener focusGained() /
TextArea focus lost focusLost()
Text Changes TextEvent TextListener textValueChanged()
Change the AdjustmentEv AdjustmentListener adjustmentValueCh
Scrollbar value of ent anged()
scrollbar
Mouse motion MouseEvent MouseMotionListen mouseMoved()
Frame
er mouseDragged()
Window event WindowEvent WindowListener windowActivated()
windowClosed()
windowClosing()
windowDeactivated
()
windoeOpened()

By: Shamama Anwar

64
Event Methods
Event Events Type Event Listeners Method Name
Key events KeyEvent KeyListener keyPressed()
keyReleased()
keyTyped()
Mouse events MouseEvent MouseListener mouseClicked()
mouseEntered()
mouseExited()
mousePressed()
mouseReleased()

By: Shamama Anwar

65
Example 2
/*<applet code = Demo.class width=400 height=200></applet>*/
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class Demo extends Applet implements ActionListener
{ Button red, white, blue;
Label hit;
public void init()
{ red = new Button(“RED”);
white = new Button(“WHITE”);
blue = new Button(“BLUE”);
hit = new Label(“Hit button to change screen colour”);
add(red); add(white); add(blue); add(hit);
red.addActionListener(this); blue.addActionListener(this);
white.addActionListener(this); }
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae)
{ String str = ae.getActionCommand();
if(str.equals(“RED”)) { setBackgroundColor(Color.red); }
else if(str.equals(“BLUE”))
{ setBackgroundColor(Color.blue); }
else if(str.equals(“WHITE”))
{ setBackgroundColor(Color.white);
By: Shamama Anwar } repaint(); } } 66
Example 3

By: Shamama Anwar

67
Example 4
/*<applet code = Demo.class width=400 height=200></applet>*/
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class Demo extends Applet implements ActionListener,
TextListener, FocusListener
{
Label l; Button b; TextField tf;

public void init()

{
tf = new TextField(“TextField”);
l = new Label(“Make Selection:”);
b = new Button(“Submit”);
add(tf); add(l); add(b);
b.addFocusListener(this);
tf.addFocusListener(this);
tf.addActionListener(this);
tf.addTextListener(this);
}

By: Shamama Anwar Methods

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Example 4
public void focusGained(FocusEvent e)
{ if(e.getSource()==tf)
l.setText(“Focus Gained by TextBox”);
else if(e.getSource()==b)
l.setText(“Focus Gained by Button”);
}
public void focusLost(FocusEvent e)
{ l.setText(“Focus Lost”); }
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
{ l.setText(“Action Event”); }
public void textValueChanged(TextEvent e)
{ l.setText(“Trying to change text”); }
}

By: Shamama Anwar

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Adapter Classes
• For listener interfaces containing more than one event handling methods JDK
defines a corresponding adapter class.

• Java adapter classes provide the default implementation of listener interfaces.

• If you inherit the adapter class, you will not be forced to provide the
implementation of all the methods of listener interfaces.

Listener Interface Adapter Classes

• So it saves code.
WindowListener WindowAdapter
KeyListener KeyAdapter
MouseListener MouseAdapter

MouseMotionListener MouseMotionAdapter
FocusListener FocusAdapter
ComponentListener ComponentAdapter
ContainerListener ContainerAdapter
By: Shamama Anwar
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Adapter Classes: Example 10 (Applet)
/*……*/
import ..
public class Example extends Applet
{ int xcord, ycord;
public void init()
{ addMouseMotionListener(new MouseDemo(this)); }
public void paint(Graphics g)
{ g.drawstring(“(”+xcord+“,”+ycord+“)”,xcord,ycord);}
} }
public MouseDemo extends MouseAdapter
{ Example e;
MouseDemo(Example e) { this.e=e; }
public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent me)
{ d.xcord = me.getX(); d.ycord = me.getY();
d.repaint();
}
}

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