Course objectives

• At the end of the course, students should

• Understand the basic concepts of multimedia
• Understand where and how to use multimedia
systems
• Design different kinds of multimedia systems
• Write different kinds of code that are used in
Multimedia
 What is multimedia?
• Multimedia refers to content that uses a
combination of different content forms such as
text, audio, images, animations, video, and
interactive content.
• This content can be delivered through various
mediums like the internet, television, cinema,
and more.
 Common examples of multimedia
websites with text,
images, and videos,
video games that combine graphics,
 sound, and interactivity,
educational software that includes text, images,
and animations.
 History of Multimedia
• Early Developments (1900s-1960s)
• 1920s-1930s: The first experiments with
synchronized sound and moving images in film.
• 1940s-1950s: The introduction of television,
combining audio and video content.
• 1960s: Early developments in interactive
multimedia with projects like the "Memex"
concept by Vannevar Bush.
 History of Multimedia
• Emergence of Digital Multimedia (1970s-1980s).
• 1970s: The development of computer graphics
and early video games.
• 1980s: Introduction of CD-ROMs, making it
easier to distribute multimedia content.
• Apple's HyperCard software allowed for
interactive multimedia presentations.
 History of Multimedia
• Multimedia Explosion (1990s):
• Late 1990s: Digital video and audio become
more common on the internet.
• Advancements in the 2000s:
• Mid-2000s: Rise of online video platforms like
YouTube.
 Multimedia Today
• Today: Multimedia is ubiquitous, with social
media, streaming services, video games,
virtual reality, and augmented reality pushing
the boundaries of what is possible with
multimedia content.
 Multimedia and Hypermedia
• Multimedia and hypermedia are closely related
concepts that involve the integration of
different types of media to create interactive
and engaging content experiences.
 Multimedia and Hypermedia
Hypermedia is a way of organizing multimedia information by
linking media elements.
–Hypermedia has grown out of a fusion between hypertext and
multimedia.
–Hypertext was developed to provide a different structure for
basic text in computer systems :
– text is essentially sequential in nature, even though its structure
is hierarchical (chapters, sections, subsections, paragraphs)
– hypertext was developed to permit more random access between
components of text documents, or between documents, to allow
a greater degree of flexibility and cross-referencing than a purely
linear or sequential model would allow.
 In summary
• while multimedia encompasses a variety of
media types, hypermedia specifically focuses on
interactive content that allows users to navigate
through information in a non-linear fashion using
hyperlinks or interactive elements.
• The combination of multimedia and hypermedia
can create rich, engaging, and dynamic digital
experiences for users across various platforms
and applications.
Key Properties of a Multimedia Systems

• Discrete and Continuous Media

 At least one discrete and continuous media

• Independent Media
 Separate each media independently

• Computer-Controlled Systems
• Integration
 Desirable Features of Multimedia System

1. Very High Processing Power and processing

speed - needed to deal with large data processing
and real time delivery of media.
2. Multimedia Capable File System -needed to
deliver real-time media — e.g. Video/Audio stream.
3. Efficient and High Input-output: input and output to
the file subsystem needs to be efficient and fast.
It has to allow for real-time recording as well as
playback of data. e.g. Direct to Disk recording
systems.

13
 Cont.
4. Special Operating System: to allow access to file
system and process data efficiently and quickly.
It has to support direct transfers to disk, real-time
scheduling, fast interrupt processing, I/O streaming,
etc.
5.Storage and Memory: large storage units and large
memory are required. Large Caches are also required.
6.Network Support: Client-server systems common as
distributed systems.
7.Software Tools: User-friendly tools needed to handle
media, design and develop applications, deliver media
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 Challenges of Multimedia Systems

1) Synchronization issue: in MM application, variety of media

are used at the same instance.
In addition, there should be some relationship between the
media.e.g between Movie (video) and sound. There arises the
issue of synchronization.
2) Data conversion: in MM application, data is represented
digitally. Because of this, we have to convert analog data
into digital data.
3) Compression and decompression: Why? Because
multimedia deals with large amount of data (e.g. Movie,
sound, etc) which takes a lot of storage space.
4) Render different data at same time — continuous data.

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 Multimedia Applications

• A Multimedia Application: is an application

which uses a collection of multiple media
sources e.g. text, graphics, images,
sound/audio, animation and/or video.
• Examples of Multimedia Applications
1.Residential services
– Video phone, Audio/Video conferencing
– Home shopping

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 Cont.
2. Business services
– Advertisements
– Training materials
– Presentations
– Customer support services
– Corporate education
– E-business
3. Public Places
– Use and Applications
– Information Stand
– Smart Cards, Security
17
 Cont.
4. Education:
• Digital libraries
• Distance learning
• auditory vs. visual(diagram)
• Provides feedback, levels of difficulty,
evaluates skills, nonlinear presentations.

18
 Cont.
5. Science and technology
– Virtual environment
– Scientific visualization, prototyping
6. Entertainment
– Games
– Interactive TV
– Post production of movie and music
7. Web applications, etc.

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 Elements of Multimedia
• Text :a multimedia element consisting of
alphanumeric characters. such as
ASCII/Unicode, HTML, Postscript, PDF
• Audio – Sound, music, speech, structured audio
(e.g. MIDI)
• Video: a series of framed images put together,
one after another, to simulate motion and
interactivity (Moving Images) – Movie, a
sequence of pictures.

20
 Cont.
• Graphics: multimedia elements such as a
drawing, photo, or piece of clip art
• Animation :is a simulation of movement or the
perception of motion created by the rapid display
of a series of still images. i.e. A sequence of
graphics images
• Discrete Media (DM, Static): text, image,
graphics
• Continuous Media (CM, Dynamic): audio,
video, animation
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Multimedia and World Wide Web
Multimedia: incorporates different media
sound, text, images, audio graphics, video and
etc.
 world wide web:
 is a global hypermedia system.
 Universal access of web resources (by everyone
every-where).
 Effectiveness of navigating available information.
 Responsible use of posted material.
THANK YOU

END OF CHAPTER 1

23
 What is Multimedia Authoring?
• Multimedia authoring is the process of
creating multimedia content by integrating
different types of media such as text, images,
audio, video, animations, and interactive
elements.
 Characteristic of Multimedia Authoring
• Content Creation: This can include designing
visual layouts, incorporating audio elements,
editing videos, and creating animations.
• Integration of Media Elements:
This can involve arranging text, images, audio, and
video in a visually appealing and coherent manner.
 Cont..
• Interactivity: allow users to engage with the
content.
• User Experience: to enhance the user
experience by delivering engaging and
compelling content that captures the viewer's
attention and conveys information effectively.
 Some Useful Editing and Authoring Tools

• Video Editing Tools: those are

• Adobe Premiere Pro: A professional video editing
software with advanced features for editing videos,
adding effects, and enhancing audio.
• Final Cut Pro: Apple's video editing software known
for its powerful features and in-built interface,
popular among professional video editors.
• DaVinci Resolve: combines editing, color correction,
visual effects, and audio post-production in one
application.
 Image Editing Tools:

• Adobe Photoshop: Industry-standard software for

graphic design, photo editing, and digital art
creation.
• GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program): A free
and open-source alternative to Photoshop with a
wide range of features for image editing and
retouching.
• Canva: A web-based graphic design tool with pre-
made templates for various design projects like social
media graphics, presentations, posters, and more.
 Audio Editing Tools:

• Audacity: A free, open-source software for

recording and editing audio files, widely used
for music editing.
• Adobe Audition: for recording, mixing, and
editing audio content with advanced features.
• GarageBand: Apple's music creation software
with built-in audio recording, virtual
instruments, and music production tools.
 Presentation and Authoring Tools:
• Microsoft PowerPoint: for creating presentations
with slides, multimedia content, animations, and
slide transitions.
• Prezi: A cloud-based presentation tool that offers
a dynamic and non-linear approach to
presentations
• Articulate Storyline: E-learning authoring
software for creating interactive and engaging
online courses and training modules.
 Web Design and Development Tools:
• Adobe Dreamweaver: for creating responsive
websites with features for coding, visual design,
and site management.
• WordPress: for creating websites and blogs.
• Sublime Text: A versatile text editor for code
editing with features for syntax highlighting,
auto-completion, and multiple programming
languages support.
 Authoring Paradigms
• refer to the approaches and methodologies
used in creating interactive and engaging
multimedia content.
 Types of Authoring Paradigms
1. Linear Authoring:
• Is a predefined sequence where content is
presented in a fixed order.
• Characteristics: Content progresses from start
to finish without branching paths or user
interaction.
• Example: Traditional video editing where
scenes follow a sequential order.
 2. Non-linear Authoring:
to navigate content in a non-sequential manner.
• Characteristics: Users can choose their path, explore
content in any order.
• Example: Interactive websites, games, and multimedia
presentations with branching scenarios.
3. Scripted Authoring:
involves creating multimedia content based on predefined
scripts or scenarios.
• Characteristics: Content creation follows a script that
outlines the sequence of events, interactions, and media
elements.
• Example: E-learning modules with scripted dialogues and
interactions.
 4. Event-Driven Authoring:

Event-driven authoring focuses on actions based

on user interactions or system events.
• Characteristics: Interactions by users or
predefined events
• Example: Interactive applications responding
to user inputs or animations by specific
events.
• .
 5. Adaptive Authoring:

based on user preferences, behaviors, or system

feedback.
• Characteristics: Content adapts dynamically to
user interactions
• Example: Websites that customize content
based on user history or preferences