Panchayat, Municipality Etc

POLITY
PANCHAYAT, MUNICIPALITY etc.

PANCHAYATI RAJ INSTITUTIONS
 Panchayati Raj Institution (PRI) is a system of rural local self-government in India.
 PRI was constitutionalized through the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 to build democracy
at the grass roots level and was entrusted with the task of rural development in the country.
 Article 243 to Article 243-O of Part-IX contains provisions related to Panchayati Raj Institutions.
Provisions related to Panchayati Raj Institutions
 There is a three-tier system of panchayats (local self-governments) in rural areas, comprising the
Gram Panchayat (village council), Panchayat Samiti (block council), and Zila Parishad (district
council).
 It is Mandatory to hold regular elections of Panchayats and term of Panchayat at all three level is
5 years.
 Minimum age for contesting elections to the Panchayati Raj institutions is 21 years.
 1/3rd seats are reserved for scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, and 1/3rd seats are reserved for
women in panchayats at all levels.
 The state legislature may endow the Panchayats with such powers and authority as may be
necessary to enable them to function as institutions of self-government.
 Schedule 11th contain 29 subjects on which Panchayat can work upon.

MUNICIPALITY
 Municipality is form of local self government in urban areas in India.
 The constitutionalizing of the urban government system was achieved through the
74th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992.
 Article 243-P to Article 243-ZG of Part-IXA contains provisions related to Municipality.

Provisions related to Municipality
 There are three types of Municipalities in India
i. Nagar Panchayat ii. Municipal Council iii. Municipal Corporation
 It is Mandatory to hold regular elections of Municipalities and term of Municipality is 5 years.
 Minimum age for contesting elections to the Municipality is 21 years.
 1/3rd seats are reserved for scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, and 1/3rd seats are reserved
for women in Municipality.
 The state legislature may endow the Municipality with such powers and authority as may be
necessary to enable them to function as institutions of self-government.
 Schedule 12th contain 18 subjects on which Municipality can work upon.

Types of Urban Local Government in India
i. Municipal Corporation
ii. Municipality
iii. Notified Area Committee
iv. Town Area Committee
v. Cantonment Board
vi. Township
vii. Port Trust
 Article 243ZC state that there shall be a District Planning Committee in every state at the
district level to consolidate plans prepared by Panchayats and Municipalities in the district and
to prepare a Draft Development plan for the district as a whole.
 Article 243ZE mandates the establishment of a Metropolitan Planning Committee in each

metropolitan area to formulate a comprehensive development plan for the entire metropolitan
region.
CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETY
 Cooperatives Societies are people-centred enterprises owned, controlled and run by and for
their members to realise their common economic, social, and cultural needs and aspirations.
 The 97th Constitutional Amendment Act, of 2011 granted constitutional status to

cooperatives, inserting them into Part IX (B) covering Articles 243ZH and ZT.
 States can make provisions for the incorporation, regulation, and winding-up of cooperative
societies, emphasizing voluntary formation, democratic member control, economic participation,
and autonomous functioning.
Parts of Indian Constitution
1. PART I: THE UNION AND ITS TERRITORY

2.PART II: CITIZENSHIP
3. PART III : FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
4. PART IV: DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY
5. PART IVA: FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES
6. PART V: THE UNION
• CHAPTER I: THE EXECUTIVE
• CHAPTER II: PARLIAMENT
• CHAPTER III: LEGISLATIVE POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT
• CHAPTER IV: THE UNION JUDICIARY
• CHAPTER V: COMPTROLLER AND AUDITOR-GENERAL OF INDIA
7. PART VI: THE STATES
• CHAPTER I: GENERAL
• CHAPTER II: THE EXECUTIVE
• CHAPTER III: THE STATE LEGISLATURE
• CHAPTER IV : LEGISLATIVE POWER OF THE GOVERNOR
• CHAPTER V: THE HIGH COURTS IN THE STATES
• CHAPTER VI : SUBORDINATE COURTS
8. PART VIII: THE UNION TERRITORIES
9. PART IX: THE PANCHAYATS
10. PART IXA: THE MUNICIPALITIES
11. PART IXB: THE CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES
12. PART X: THE SCHEDULED AND TRIBAL AREAS
13. PART XI: RELATIONS BETWEEN THE UNION AND THE STATES
• CHAPTER I: LEGISLATIVE RELATIONS
• CHAPTER II : ADMINISTRATIVE RELATIONS
14. PART XII: FINANCE, PROPERTY, CONTRACTS AND SUITS
• CHAPTER I: FINANCE
• CHAPTER II: BORROWING
• CHAPTER III: PROPERTY, CONTRACTS, RIGHTS, LIABILITIES, OBLIGATIONS AND SUITS
• CHAPTER IV: RIGHT TO PROPERTY
15. PART XIII: TRADE, COMMERCE, AND INTERCOURSE WITHIN THE TERRITORY OF INDIA
16. PART XIV: SERVICES UNDER THE UNION AND THE STATES
• CHAPTER I: SERVICES
• CHAPTER II: PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSIONS
17. PART XIVA: TRIBUNALS
18. PART XV: ELECTIONS
19. PART XVI: SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO CERTAIN CLASSES
20. PART XVII: OFFICIAL LANGUAGE
• CHAPTER I: LANGUAGE OF THE UNION
• CHAPTER II: REGIONAL LANGUAGES
• CHAPTER III: LANGUAGE OF THE SUPREME COURT, HIGH COURTS, ETC.
• CHAPTER IV: SPECIAL DIRECTIVES
21. PART XVIII: EMERGENCY PROVISIONS
22. PART XIX: MISCELLANEOUS
23. PART XX: AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION
24. PART XXI: TEMPORARY, TRANSITIONAL AND SPECIAL PROVISIONS
25. PART XXII: SHORT TITLE, COMMENCEMENT, AUTHORITATIVE TEXT IN HINDI AND REPEALS

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POLITY

PANCHAYAT, MUNICIPALITY etc.

 Schedule 11th contain 29 subjects on which Panchayat can work upon.

 Article 243-P to Article 243-ZG of Part-IXA contains provisions related to Municipality.

i. Nagar Panchayat ii. Municipal Council iii. Municipal Corporation

 It is Mandatory to hold regular elections of Municipalities and term of Municipality is 5 years.

 Minimum age for contesting elections to the Municipality is 21 years.

 Schedule 12th contain 18 subjects on which Municipality can work upon.

 Article 243ZE mandates the establishment of a Metropolitan Planning Committee in each

 The 97th Constitutional Amendment Act, of 2011 granted constitutional status to

1. PART I: THE UNION AND ITS TERRITORY

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