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Chain Surveying - Introduction and Accessories

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52 views23 pages

Chain Surveying - Introduction and Accessories

Uploaded by

prodipta.roy012
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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#EngineeringPlus Online Course Series

SURVEYING
ECE42106 Module: 1
Lecture: II: Chain Surveying
Course Instructor
Santanu Haldar
Assistant Professor
Civil Engineering
[email protected]

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY | ADAMAS UNIVERSITY | KOLKATA


Introduction

• Chain surveying is the type of surveying in which only linear


measurements are taken in the field.
• This type of surveying is done for surveys of small extent to
describe the boundaries of plot of land to locate the existing
features on them.
• It is the method of surveying in which the area is divided into
network of triangles and the sides of the various triangles are
measured directly in the field with a chain or a tape and no
angular measurements are taken.

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Types of Chain

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Metric Chain

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Chain Surveying

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Contd..

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Principle of Chain Surveying

• The principle of chain surveying is to divide the area into a


number of triangles.
• As a triangle is the only simple plane geometrical figure which
can be plotted from the length of the three sides even if the
angles are not known. A network of triangles is preferred to
chain surveying.
• Triangulation is the principle of chain surveying. If the area
to be surveyed is triangle in shape and if the lengths and
sequence of its three sides are recorded, the plan of the area
can be easily drawn.

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Well Conditioned Triangle, Ill Conditioned
Triangle and Ideal Triangle
• A triangle is said to be well conditioned triangle when no angle
in it is neither less than 30° nor greater than 120°.
• If in a triangle an angle is less than 30° or greater than 120° is
called ill conditioned triangle.
• An equilateral triangle having each angle of 60° is an ideal
triangle.

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Principle of Chain Surveying- Contd..

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Principle of Chain Surveying- Contd..

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Principle of Chain Surveying- Contd..

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Principle of Chain Surveying- Contd..

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Principle of Chain Surveying- Contd..

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Other accessories of Chain
Surveying
Different Types of Tapes

• Cloth tape or Linen Tape:


• They are woven linen and varnished to resist moisture.
• They are generally 10 m, 20 m, 30 m long and 12 to 15 mm wide.
• Fibre Tape:
• These tapes are similar to linen and plastic coated tapes but these are
made of Glass Fibre.
• These tapes are don’t stretch and shrink due to temperature.
• It is available in 20m, 30m and 50 m length.
• Metallic Tape: A linen tape reinforced with brass or copper wires to
prevent the stretching or twisting of fibres is called a Metallic Tape. It is
commonly used for taking offsets in chain surveying.
• Steel Tape: It is made up with steel material and commonly available in 20
m, 30 m or 50 m length. It is graduated in meter and centimeter.
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Continued..

• Invar Tape: It is made of an alloy of nickel 36% and steel 64%


having very low thermal expansion. These are 6 mm wide and
generally available in 30 m, 50 m and 100 m.

Cloth Tape Fiber Tape Metallic Tape

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Continued..

Steel Tape Invar Tape

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Arrow
Arrows:
• Arrows are made of tempered steel wire of dia 4 mm. One end of the arrow is bent into
ring of diameter 50 mm and other end is pointed.
• Its overall length is 400 mm. Arrows are used for counting the number of chains while
measuring chain line and it is also used to established a intermediate station.

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Ranging Rod/Offset Rod

Ranging Rods or Offset Rods:


• Ranging rods are used for ranging some intermediate points on
the survey line.
• It is generally 2 to 3m in length and are painted with alternate
bands of black and white or red colors with length of each
equalizing 20 cm.
• The offset rod is similar to the ranging rod with the expectation
that instead of the hook, a flag is provided at the top.

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Contd..

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Pegs

Pegs:
• Pegs are made of timber or steel and they are used to mark the
position of the stations or terminal points of survey line.
• Wooden pegs are 15 cm long and driven into the ground with
the help of hammer.

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Suitability of Chain Surveying

Chain Surveying is recommended when:


• Ground surface is more or less level.
• Area is small.
• Small-scale map is required to prepare.
• Formation of well conditioned triangle is easy.
Chain Surveying is not recommended when:
• Area is crowded with many details.
• Area consists of too many undulations.
• Area is very large.
• Formation of well conditioned triangle is not easy.

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Thank you for your participation.
For any clarification write to:
[email protected]

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