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    Communication

    Uploaded by

    Alessia Serena

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Communication

    Uploaded by

    Alessia Serena
    8 views19 pages

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    8 views19 pages

    Communication

    Uploaded by

    Alessia Serena

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 19

    Communication

    An introduction
    1. What is Communication
    Communication is the transfer
    of information from one person
    to another, whether or not it
    elicits confidence; but the
    information transferred must be
    understandable to the receiver.

    G.G. Brown

    https://www.pinterest.it/pin/73042825178550730/
    Communication is a process of
    exchanging information, ideas, thoughts,
    feelings and emotions through speech,
    signals, writing, or behavior. In
    communication process, a sender
    (encoder) encodes a message and then
    using a medium/channel sends it to the
    receiver (decoder) who decodes the
    message and after processing
    information, sends back appropriate
    feedback/reply using a medium/channel.
    Speech acts
    J. L. Austin (1962) How to Do Things with Words

    Three different acts:


    • A locutionary act: the act of pronouncing sounds ‘with sense and reference’ (Austin
    1962: 92-98, 101-102) using the proper syntax and the right vocabulary. It is the act of
    communicating information. (concrete act of speaking)
    • An illocutionary act: the act that we do in uttering a sentence in a given situation
    (persuade, promise, warning, control, threat, etc). The context helps in signifying which
    illocution was performed. (intention)
    • A perlocutionary act: the act that we do by uttering a sentence. The results,
    consequences of our utterance to the receiver. The context helps in signifying which
    perlocution will be performed. (effect)

    In order to understand the differences between the different acts it is necessary to


    look at “the total speech act in the total speech situation” (Austin 1962: 147).
    2. Types of communication and
    communicative skills
    ❖VERBAL COMMUNICATION: the message is transmitted verbally
    (communication by words).

    • WRITTEN COMMUNICATION: letters, • ORAL COMMUNICATION: conversations,


    emails, reports, documents, etc. speeches, meetings, conferences, etc.

    • Precise, rigid and permanent • Flexible communication, it provides immediate


    communication. It can be used for future feedback and opportunity to check whether
    references, but it is time-consuming, and it the message is clear, but it is less authentic
    does not provide immediate feedback. and more informal than written
    communication, and not as organized as
    written communication.

    Visual channel Acoustic channel


    • NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION: the message is transmitted through facial
    expressions, body language, pictures, colours, icons, eye contact, tones, etc.

    • Appearance: clothing, hairstyle, neatness, • Sounds and noises.


    use of cosmetics. • Paralanguage: voice quality, pitch, volume,
    • Body Language: facial expressions, speaking style, prosodic features such as
    gestures, postures and movements. rhythm, intonation, and stress.
    • Paralanguage: handwriting style, spatial
    arrangement of words, or the physical
    layout of a page.

    Visual channel Acoustic channel


    Communication skills
    Communication skills (“soft skill” or interpersonal skills), are those
    skills necessary to achieve an efficient and effective
    communication. They have been categorized in multiple ways,
    each of which focuses on specific aspects of communication.
    10 TOP COMMUNICATIVE SKILLS

    Emotional intelligence
    Cohesion and Clarity
    Friendliness
    Confidence
    Empathy
    Respect
    (Active) Listening
    Open-mindedness
    Tone of Voice
    Asking Good Questions

    https://www.wikijob.co.uk/content/interview-advice/competencies/communication
    7 C’s of effective communication
    3. Interpersonal communication vs
    Professional communication
    Professional
    Personal communication communication

    • Interlocutors: family, friends, • Interlocutors:


    colleagues. employer/employee,
    customers, academic/large
    • Register: informal. audience.
    • Structure of communication: • Register: formal.
    unstructured, spontaneous
    and not planned. • Structure of communication:
    well organized, planned.
    Forms of personal
    communication

    • Oral communication:
    conversations, informal speeches,
    telephone calls, etc.
    • Written communication: letter,
    post-it, notes, etc.
    • Digital communication: sms,
    personal emails, chat, social
    networks, etc.
    Forms of professional
    communication
    • Oral communication: public speaking,
    formal presentation to a group of
    people, meeting, job interview, etc.
    • Written communication: letters,
    memos, project plans, policies and
    procedures, articles for general
    audiences, technical scientific reports,
    marketing flyers, magazines, etc.
    • Digital communication: social
    networking, emailing, blogging, texting,
    internet conferencing and research, etc.
    Each type of communication require different
    technical and soft skills.

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