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Lesson 3 The Elements and Processes of Communication

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51 views3 pages

Lesson 3 The Elements and Processes of Communication

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sjudith0829
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Unit 1: Communication Processes, Principles and Ethics

Lesson 3: The Elements and Processes of Communication

Learning Objectives

At the end of this module, you should be able to:


1. identify the element of communication;
2. explain the process of communication; and
3. design and explain their concept of communication process.

Presentation of Contents

The diagram below illustrates the components and the flow of communication.

Elements of Communication

1. Sender – a person, group, or organization who initiates communication. She/He may be


called the source, encoder, speaker or communicator.

2. Message – an element transmitted in communication. It may consist of the idea, opinion,


information, feeling or attitude of the sender.

3. Channel – a pathway or medium through which the message travels to reach its
destination. It may be oral, written, or visual.

4. Receiver – a person who receives, analyses, understands, and interprets the message.
S/he can also be called decoder, reader, or listener.

5. Feedback – the receiver’s response that provides information to the sender. The return
process in which the receiver provides both verbal and non-verbal signals to show whether

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Unit 1: Communication Processes, Principles and Ethics

the message is understood or not.

6. Noise – a form of distortion, barrier or obstacle that occurs in an of the oral


communication process.

7. Adjustment – done if the message is distorted or is not clearly understood by the


receiver.

8. Context – It is the situation from which the communication is done. It includes settings
or environment (family, school, workplace, religious communities); social relations
(friends, husband and wife, parent and child, colleagues/boss- subordinate in the office);
scenes which include place, time and occasion (business meeting, job interview, social
gathering – parties, weddings, etc.); and culture (history, tradition, beliefs, norms, values)

The Process of Effective Communication

To communicate effectively, understanding the steps in this information exchange process


is vital.

Five Steps of The Communication Process (Schreiner, 2018)

1. Creation
➢ It is forming the communicative intent where the sender generates and idea.
➢ This requires the individual who is sending the message to decide what s/he wants to
say and select a medium through which to communicate this information.
➢ If the medium s/he selects is a written one, s/he must compose a concise and clear
message that others can understand and if the medium is oral, s/he must plan out a clear
spoken message.

2. Transmission
➢ The transmission may be as simple as meeting with the intended recipient of the
message, and orally sharing the message, or calling the individual to communicate orally
over the phone.
➢ If the message is a print one, it may include distributing a paper memo or sending an
email.

3. Reception
➢ After transmitting the message, the communication duties change hands and fall upon
the receiver of the message.
➢ The message is obtained either from the written format the sender selected or b listening
carefully as the message is delivered orally.

4. Translation
➢ Once receiving the message, the recipient must translate the message into terms that
s/he can easily understand.
➢ To do this, s/he must listen to or read the message in question and paraphrase it within
her/his head, turning the potentially complex context contents of the message into more
manageable and meaningful components.

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Unit 1: Communication Processes, Principles and Ethics

5. Response
➢ This may be verbal and immediate, which is commonly the case if communication is
face-to-face.
➢ It may also be easily a written response that either expands upon the message or simply
indicates receipt of the message in question.

Reference:
Miller, K. (2004) Communication Theories: Perspectives, Processes and Contexts, 2nd ed.
NY McGraw Hill

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