2024 Edition

MATHEMATICS
FUNCTIONS
GRADE 10-11
Maths and Science Infinity

Learner Manual
CONTENTS
FUNCTIONS .............................................................................................................. 3
CURRICULUM OVERVIEW ....................................................................................... 3
KEY CONCEPTS ....................................................................................................... 4
STRAIGHT LINE ........................................................................................................ 4
HYPERBOLA ............................................................................................................. 5
DETERMINING EQUATIONS OF A HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS ....................... 7
QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS (PARABOLA) ................................................................ 7
SKETCHING A QUADRATIC GRAPH .................................................................. 9
DETERMINING THE EQUATION OF A PARABOLA ........................................ 10
EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION .................................................................................... 12
IMPORTANT DEDUCTIONS ........................................................................... 12
SKETCHING OF EXPONENTIAL GRAPH ......................................................... 14
GRADE 10 EXAM-TYPE QUESTIONS ................................................................... 15
GRADE 11 EXAM-TYPE QUESTIONS ................................................................... 24
HYPERBOLA QUESTIONS ..................................................................................... 40
 FUNCTIONS

CURRICULUM OVERVIEW
1. The concept of a function, where a certain quantity (output value) uniquely depends
on another quantity (input value). Work with relationships between variables using
tables, graphs, words and formulae. Convert flexibly between these representations.

2.The graph defined by 𝒚 = 𝒙 should be known from Grade 9

𝟏
3. Point by point plotting of basic graphs defined by 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 , 𝒚 = and 𝒚 = 𝒃𝒙 ; where
𝒙
𝒃 > 𝟎 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒃 ≠ 𝟏 to discover shape, domain (input values), range (output values),
asymptotes, axes of symmetry, turning points and intercepts on the axes (where
applicable)

GRADE 10 4. Investigate the effect of 𝒂 and 𝒒 on the graphs defined by, 𝑓(𝒙) = 𝒙 ,𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 ,
𝟏
𝒇(𝒙) = and 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒃𝒙 ; 𝒃 > 𝟎; 𝒃 ≠ 𝟏
𝒙

5. Point by point plotting of basic graphs defined by 𝒚 = 𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝜽, 𝒚 = 𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝜽 and 𝒚 =

𝑻𝒂𝒏 𝜽 for 𝜃 ∈ [0°, 360°]

6. Study the effect of 𝒂 and 𝒒 on the graphs defined by: 𝒚 = 𝒂𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝜽 + 𝒒, 𝒚 = 𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝜽 +
𝒒, and 𝒚 = 𝑻𝒂𝒏 𝜽 + 𝒒 where a and q ∈ 𝑄 and 𝜃 ∈ [0°, 360°]

7. Sketch graphs, find the equations of given graphs and interpret graphs Note:
Sketching of the graphs must be based on the observation of the effect number 3 and
number 5
1. Revise the effect of the parameters 𝒂 and 𝒒 and investigate the effect of 𝒑 on the
𝒂
graphs of the functions defined by:𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒂(𝒙 + 𝒑)𝟐 + 𝒒 , 𝒇(𝒙) = + 𝒒 and 𝒇(𝒙) =
𝒙+𝒑
𝒂𝒃𝒙+𝒑 + 𝒒 where 𝒃 > 𝟎; 𝒃 ≠ 𝟏

2. Investigate numerically the average gradient between two points on a curve and
develop an intuitive understanding of the concept of the gradient of a curve at a point

3. Point by point plotting of basic graphs defined by 𝒚 = 𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝜽 , 𝒚 = 𝑪𝒐𝒔𝜽 and 𝒚 = 𝑻𝒂𝒏 𝜽
for 𝜃 ∈ [−360°, 360°]
GRADE 11
4. Investigate the effect of the parameter 𝒌 on the graphs of the functions defined by:
𝒚 = 𝑺𝒊𝒏(𝒌𝒙), 𝒚 = 𝑪𝒐𝒔(𝒌𝒙) and 𝒚 = 𝑻𝒂𝒏(𝒌𝒙)

5. Investigate the effect of the parameter 𝒑 on the graphs of the functions defined by;
𝒚 = 𝑺𝒊𝒏(𝒙 + 𝒑) , 𝒚 = 𝑪𝒐𝒔(𝒙 + 𝒑) and 𝒚 = 𝑻𝒂𝒏(𝒙 + 𝒑)

6. Draw sketch graphs defined by: 𝒚 = 𝒂𝑺𝒊𝒏𝒌(𝒙 + 𝒑), 𝒚 = 𝒂𝑪𝒐𝒔𝒌(𝒙 + 𝒑) and

𝒚 = 𝒂𝑻𝒂𝒏𝒌(𝒙 + 𝒑) at most two parameters at a time

MSI 3
 KEY CONCEPTS
What learners must know:

• to differentiate between different shapes of graphs based on the equation.

• to draw graphs.

• to analyse and interpret graphs, make deductions from the given graphs.

• how to recognize the domain and the range.

• identify the asymptote(s).

• how to find the point(s) of intersection.

• that hyperbola must always have arms and show at least one point on the other arm.

• to investigate the average gradient between two points on a curve.

STRAIGHT LINE
General representation or equation

𝒚 = 𝒂𝒙 + 𝒒 𝒐𝒓 𝒚 = 𝒎𝒙 + 𝒄

𝒂 or 𝒎 is the gradient and 𝒒 or 𝒄 is the 𝑦- intercept Also note the shape of the following
linear functions:

MSI 4
 HYPERBOLA
General representation or equation
𝒂 𝒂 𝒂 𝒂
𝒚=𝒙 𝒚=𝒙+𝒒 𝒚 = 𝒙−𝒑 + 𝒒 𝒚 = 𝒙+𝒑 + 𝒒

𝑞 is the vertical shift and 𝑝 is the horizontal shift

𝒂
𝒚=
𝒙
𝑝 = 0 and 𝑞 = 0

Vertical asymptote: 𝑥 = 0

Horizontal asymptote: 𝑦 = 0

Axis of symmetry: 𝑦 = 𝑥 (𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔)

𝑦 = −𝑥 (𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔)

Domain: 𝑥 ≠ 0; 𝑥 ∈ ℝ

Range: 𝑦 ≠ 0; 𝑦 ∈ ℝ

MSI 5
 𝒂
𝒚= +𝒒
𝒙
Vertical asymptote: 𝑥 = 0

Horizontal asymptote: 𝑦 = 𝑞

Axis of symmetry: 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑞 (𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔)

𝑦 = −𝑥 + 𝑞 (𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔)

Domain: 𝑥 ≠ 0; 𝑥 ∈ ℝ

Range: 𝑦 ≠ 𝑞; 𝑦 ∈ ℝ

𝒂
𝒚= +𝒒
𝒙−𝒑

Vertical asymptote: 𝑥 − 𝑝 = 0 ⟺ 𝑥 = 𝑝

Horizontal asymptote: 𝑦 = 𝑞

Axis of symmetry: 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 𝑝) + 𝑞 (𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔)

𝑦 = −(𝑥 − 𝑝) + 𝑞 (𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔)

Domain: 𝑥 ≠ 𝑝; 𝑥 ∈ ℝ

Range: 𝑦 ≠ 𝑞; 𝑦 ∈ ℝ

𝒂
𝒚= +𝒒
𝒙+𝒑

Vertical asymptote: 𝑥 + 𝑝 = 0 ⟺ 𝑥 = −𝑝

Horizontal asymptote: 𝑦 = 𝑞

Axis of symmetry: 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 𝑝) + 𝑞 (𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔)

𝑦 = −(𝑥 + 𝑝) + 𝑞 (𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔)

Domain: 𝑥 ≠ −𝑝; 𝑥 ∈ ℝ

Range: 𝑦 ≠ 𝑞; 𝑦 ∈ ℝ

MSI 6
 𝑘𝑥+𝑞
Special case: 𝑦 =
𝑥+𝑝

Vertical asymptote: 𝑥 + 𝑝 = 0 ⟺ 𝑥 = −𝑝

Horizontal asymptote: 𝑦 = 𝑘

DETERMINING EQUATIONS OF A HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS

NB: Given the asymptote and a point on the graph.

• Determine the equations of the asymptotes,

• Determine the values of 𝑝 and 𝑞, then substitute into the equation.

• Substitute coordinates of a point on the graph into the equation to determine the
value 𝑎.

• Write down the final equation in the form:

𝒂 𝒂
𝒚= +𝒒 or 𝒚 = +𝒒
𝒙−𝒑 𝒙+𝒑

QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS (PARABOLA)

Note:
• You need to know how to solve quadratic equations, to be able to deal with parabola.
• The standard form of a quadratic equation is 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0
• If a quadratic equation is already factorized and one side is equal to zero, then the
equation is in standard form, and you should just write the answers from the given
factors.
• If one side is factorized and the other side is not equal to zero, then first write the
question in standard form and then factorize.
• When the question says correct to one or two decimal places, you are expected to
solve the quadratic equation using the quadratic formula.
• If you struggle to find factors of a quadratic equation by inspection, use the quadratic
formula
• For the inequality, simplify so that the right-hand side is 0.
• Then use the graphic (draw the sketch of the parabola) or number line method.

General representation or equation

𝒚 = 𝒂𝒙𝟐 𝒚 = 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒒 𝒚 = 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 𝒚 = 𝒂(𝒙 + 𝒑)𝟐 + 𝒒

MSI 7
 𝒚 = 𝒂𝒙𝟐

𝑝 = 0 and 𝑞 = 0

Turning point: (0; 0)

𝑦 −intercept: 𝑦 = 0

Domain: 𝑥 ∈ ℝ

Range: 𝑦 ≥ 0 , 𝑦 ∈ ℝ if 𝑎 > 0 OR 𝑦 ≤ 0 , 𝑦 ∈ ℝ if 𝑎 < 0

𝒚 = 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒒

𝑝=0

Turning point: (0; 𝑞)

𝑦 −intercept: 𝑦 = 𝑞

Domain: 𝑥 ∈ ℝ

Range: 𝑦 ≥ 𝑞 , 𝑦 ∈ ℝ if 𝑎 > 0 OR 𝑦 ≤ 𝑞 , 𝑦 ∈ ℝ if 𝑎 < 0

𝒚 = 𝒂(𝒙 + 𝒑)𝟐 + 𝒒

Turning point: (−𝑝; 𝑞)

𝑦 −intercept: 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑝)2 + 𝑞

Domain: 𝑥 ∈ ℝ

Range: 𝑦 ≥ 𝑞 , 𝑦 ∈ ℝ if 𝑎 > 0 OR 𝑦 ≤ 𝑞 , 𝑦 ∈ ℝ if 𝑎 < 0

MSI 8
 𝒚 = 𝒂(𝒙 − 𝒑)𝟐 + 𝒒

Turning point: (𝑝; 𝑞)

𝑦 −intercept: 𝑦 = 𝑎(−𝑝)2 + 𝑞

Domain: 𝑥 ∈ ℝ

Range: 𝑦 ≥ 𝑞 , 𝑦 ∈ ℝ if 𝑎 > 0 OR 𝑦 ≤ 𝑞 , 𝑦 ∈ ℝ if 𝑎 < 0

𝒚 = 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄

−𝑏 4𝑎𝑐−𝑏2
Turning point: ( ; )
2𝑎 4𝑎

𝑦 −intercept: 𝑦 = 𝑐

Domain: 𝑥 ∈ ℝ
2 2
4𝑎𝑐−𝑏 4𝑎𝑐−𝑏
Range: 𝑦 ≥ 4𝑎
, 𝑦 ∈ ℝ if 𝑎 > 0 OR 𝑦 ≤ 4𝑎
, 𝑦 ∈ ℝ if 𝑎 < 0

The roots or 𝑥-intercepts are determined by equating 𝑦 to zero and solving for 𝑥

SKETCHING A QUADRATIC GRAPH

• Determine the shape of 𝑎, where 𝑎 > 0 or 𝑎 < 0 .

• Find 𝑥-intercepts by letting 𝑦 = 0

• Find 𝑦-intercept by letting 𝑥 = 0

−𝑏 4𝑎𝑐−𝑏2
• Find turning point: ( ; )
2𝑎 4𝑎

• Plot points and sketch graph

MSI 9
DETERMINING THE EQUATION OF A PARABOLA

MSI 10
MSI 11
EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION
General representation or equation

𝒚 = 𝒂. 𝒃𝒙 𝒚 = 𝒂. 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒒 𝒚 = 𝒂. 𝒃(𝒙+𝒑) + 𝒒

where 𝑏 > 0 and 𝑏 ≠ 1

IMPORTANT DEDUCTIONS

MSI 12
 𝒚 = 𝒂. 𝒃𝒙

Horizontal asymptote: 𝑦 = 0

𝑦 −intercept: 𝑦 = 𝑞

𝒚 = 𝒂. 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒒

Horizontal asymptote: 𝑦 = 𝑞

𝑦 −intercept: 𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑞

𝒚 = 𝒂. 𝒃(𝒙+𝒑) + 𝒒

Horizontal asymptote: 𝑦 = 𝑞

𝑦 −intercept: 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑏 𝑝 + 𝑞

MSI 13
SKETCHING OF EXPONENTIAL GRAPH
• Write down the asymptotes.

• Draw the asymptotes on the set of axes as dotted lines.

• Determine the 𝑥- intercept(s); 𝑦 = 0

• Determine the 𝑦- intercept(s); 𝑥 = 0

• If necessary, calculate more points to enable you to draw the correct curve

• Plot the points; then draw the graph using free hand.

MSI 14
 GRADE 10 EXAM-TYPE QUESTIONS
QUESTION 1

𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 + 2 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 1 are defining equations of graphs of 𝑓 and g respectively.

1.1 Write down an equation for the asymptote of g. (1)

1.2 Sketch the graphs of 𝑓 and g on the same set of axes, clearly showing ALL intercepts
with the axes, turning points and asymptotes. (6)

1.3 Write down the range of 𝑓. (1)

1.4 Determine the maximum value of ℎ if ℎ(𝑥) = 3𝑓(𝑥) . (2)

1.5 What transformation does the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) undergo in order to obtain the graph
of 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 − 2? (2)

[12]

QUESTION 2

Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑐

𝑓 passes through the 𝑥-axis at (𝑑 − 5) and (𝑑 − 1), and 𝑑 ∈ ℝ.

2.1 Determine the value of 𝑑. (2)

2.2 Determine the values of 𝑎 and 𝑐 if it is also given that 𝑓(1) = −9. (4)

[6]

QUESTION 3

A hyperbola ℎ is described with the following characteristics:

• The equation of the vertical asymptote is 𝑥 = 0

• The range of ℎ is (−∞; 3) ∪ (3; ∞)
• The 𝑥-intercept of ℎ is (2; 0)

Determine the equation of ℎ. [4]

MSI 15
QUESTION 4
𝑎
The equation of the function 𝑔(𝑥) = +𝑞 passes through the point (3; 2) and has a range of
𝑥
𝑦 ∈ (−∞; 1) ∪ (1; ∞).

4.1 Determine the:

4.1.1 Equation of g. (3)

4.1.2 Equation of ℎ, the axis of symmetry of g which has a positive gradient. (2)

4.2 Sketch the graphs g and ℎ on the same system of axes. Clearly show ALL the
asymptotes and intercepts with axes. (4)

4.3 Write the equations of the asymptotes of 𝑓 if 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑔(𝑥) + 5. (3)

[12]

QUESTION 5

The graphs defined as 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑞 and 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑘 𝑥 − 4 both pass through (−2; 0) on the
𝑥-axis. The 𝑦-intercept of g is (0; −5).

5.1 Write down the:

5.1.1 Equation of the asymptote of 𝑓. (1)

5.1.2 Value of 𝑞 (1)

5.1.3 Co-ordinates of the other 𝑥-intercept of g. (1)

5.2 Determine the equation of:

5.2.1 g (2)

5.2.2 𝑓 (3)

5.3 Calculate the 𝑦-intercept of 𝑓. (2)

5.4 On the same system of axes, sketch the graphs of g and 𝑓. Show ALL the
intercepts with the axes and asymptote(s). (6)

[16]
QUESTION 6
1
The sketch below shows 𝑓 and g, the graphs of 𝑓(𝑥) = −1 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑞 respectively.
𝑥
Points 𝐴(−1; −4) and 𝐵(3; 4) lie on the graph of g. The two graphs intersect at points C and
D. Line BE is drawn parallel to the 𝑦-axis, with E on 𝑓.

6.1 Show that 𝑎 = 2 and 𝑞 = −2. (2)

6.2 Determine the value(s) of 𝑥 for which 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥). (4)

6.3 For which value(s) of 𝑥 is g(𝑥) ≥ 𝑓(𝑥)? (3)

6.4 Calculate the length of BE. (3)

6.5 Write down an equation of ℎ if ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 3. (1)

[13]

MSI 17
QUESTION 7

The graphs of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 4 and 𝑔(𝑥) = −𝑥 + 2 are sketched below. A and B are the
𝑥-intercepts of 𝑓. C and D are the 𝑦-intercepts of 𝑓 and g respectively. K is a point on g such
that BK ∥ 𝑥-axis. 𝑓 and g intersect at A and E.

7.1 Write down the co-ordinates of C. (1)

7.2 Write down the co-ordinates of D. (1)

7.3 Determine the length of CD. (1)

7.4 Calculate the co-ordinates of B. (3)

7.5 Determine the co-ordinates of E, a point of intersection of 𝑓 and g. (4)

7.6 For which values of 𝑥 will:

7.6.1 𝑓(𝑥) < 𝑔(𝑥) (2)

7.6.2 𝑓(𝑥). 𝑔(𝑥) ≥ 0 (2)

7.7 Calculate the length of AK. (4)

[18]

MSI 18
QUESTION 8

The graph of 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 8 is sketched below. A and B are the 𝑦-intercept and 𝑥-intercept
respectively of g.

8.1 Write down the range of g. (1)

8.2 Determine the co-ordinates of B. (3)

8.3 If g is reflected over the 𝑥-axis to form a new graph ℎ, determine the equation
of ℎ. (2)

8.4 Explain why the 𝑥-intercept of g and ℎ are both at B. (2)

[8]

MSI 19
QUESTION 9

The diagram shows the graphs of 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑞 and 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑥. R and S(2; 0) are the
𝑥-intercepts of 𝑔 and T(0; 8) is the 𝑦-intercept of g. Graph 𝑓 passes through R and T.

9.1 Write down the range of g. (1)

9.2 Write down the 𝑥-co-ordinate of R. (1)

9.3 Calculate the values of 𝑎 and 𝑞. (3)

9.4 Determine the equation of 𝑓. (3)

9.5 Use the graph to determine the value(s) of 𝑥 for which:

9.5.1 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) (2)

9.2.2 𝑓(𝑥). 𝑔(𝑥) ≤ 0 (3)

9.6 The graph ℎ is obtained when g is reflected along the line 𝑦 = 0. Write down the
equation of ℎ in the form ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑝𝑥 2 + 𝑘. (2)

[15]

MSI 20
QUESTION 10

10.1 The function 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑘 𝑥 + 𝑞 is described by the following properties:

• 𝑘 > 0; 𝑘 ≠ 1
• 𝑥-intercept at (2; 0)
• The horizontal asymptote if 𝑦 = −9

10.1.1 Write down the range of 𝑝. (1)

10.1.2 Determine the equation of 𝑝. (3)

10.1.3 Sketch the graph of 𝑝. Show clearly the clearly the intercepts with
the axes and the asymptotes. (3)
𝑘
10.2 The sketch below shows the graphs of 𝑓(𝑥) = +𝑤 and 𝑔(𝑥) = −𝑥 = 1.
𝑥
The graph g is an axis of symmetry of 𝑓. The graphs of 𝑓 and g intersect at P and O.

10.2.1 Write down the value of 𝑤. (1)

10.2.2 The point (−2; 7) lies on 𝑓. Calculate the value of 𝑘. (2)

10.2.3 Calculate the 𝑥-co-ordinates of P and Q. (4)

−16
10.2.4 Write down the values of 𝑥 for which > −𝑥. (2)
𝑥

[16]

MSI 21
QUESTION 11

1 𝑥
Sketched below are the graphs of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑞 and g(𝑥) = (2) − 4. A and B are the 𝑥-
intercepts of 𝑓. The graphs intersect at A and point E(1; 3) lies on 𝑓. C is the turning point of
𝑓 and D is the 𝑦-intercept of g.

,,

11.1 Write down the:

11.1.1 Co-ordinates of D. (2)

11.1.2 Range of g. (1)

11.2 Calculate the:

11.2.1 Co-ordinates of A (2)

11.2.2 Values of 𝑎 and 𝑞 (4)

11.3 Determine the:

11.3.1 Length of CD. (2)

11.3.2 Equation of a straight line through A and D. (3)

11.4 For which values of 𝑥 is:

11.4.1 𝑓(𝑥) > 0? (2)

11.4.2 𝑓 decreasing? (1)

[17]

MSI 22
QUESTION 12
𝑘
Sketched below are the graphs of 𝑓(𝑥) = +𝑞 and 𝑔(𝑥) + 2.
𝑥

• The equation of the horizontal asymptote of 𝑓 is 𝑦 = 1.

• Graph g cuts the 𝑥-axis at B.
• Graph of 𝑓 and g intersect at A and B.

12.1 Write down the:

12.1.1 Value of 𝑞 (1)

12.1.2 Domain of 𝑓 (2)

12.2 Determine the:

12.2.1 Equation of the line of symmetry of 𝑓 that has a negative gradient. (2)

12.2.2 Equation of 𝑓. (4)

12.2.3 Co-ordinates of A, a point of intersection of 𝑓 and g. (5)

[14]

MSI 23
 GRADE 11 EXAM-TYPE QUESTIONS
QUESTION 1

1 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = ( ) , 𝑥 ∈ ℝ; 𝑔(𝑥) = , 𝑥 ∈ ℝ ℎ(𝑥) = +5, 𝑥 > 0, 𝑥 ∈ ℝ
5 5 5

1.1 Write down the co-ordinates of the 𝑦-intercept of the graph of 𝑓. (1)

1.2 Give the equations of the asymptotes of 𝑓 and ℎ. (3)

1.3 Which of the functions is decreasing? (2)

1.4 Sketch the graphs of 𝑓, g and ℎ on the same system of axes. Show all asymptotes. (4)

1.5 Write the equation of the graph obtained by reflecting 𝑓 in the 𝑦-axis. (1)

1.6 Give the equation of the graph obtained by shifting g vertically up by 5 units. (1)

[12]

QUESTION 2

1 −2
Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 (𝑥 − 4)2 − 2 and 𝑔(𝑥) = −1
𝑥−1

2.1 Calculate the co-ordinates of the 𝑥-intercept and the 𝑦-intercept of g. (3)

2.2 Calculate the co-ordinates of the 𝑥-intercepts of 𝑓. (3)

2.3 On the same set of axes, sketch the graphs of 𝑓 and g. Indicate all intercepts with the
axes and the co-ordinates of the turning point of 𝑓. (7)

2.4 Write down the range of g. (2)

2.5 What is the minimum value of 𝑓(𝑥)? (1)

2.6 For which values of 𝑥 will both 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥) increase as 𝑥 increases? (2)

[18]

QUESTION 3

3.1 Give the equation of the quadratic function if it is given that:

• The range of 𝑓 is 𝑦 ≥ −4
• Domain: 𝑥 ∈ ℝ
• Zero points are (3; 0),(−1; 0) and (0; −3) [3]

MSI 24
QUESTION 4

√𝑥
4.1 Given the equation: 𝑦=
3−𝑥

4.1.1 Determine the values of 𝑥 for which 𝑦 is undefined. (2)

4.1.2 For which values of 𝑥 is 𝑦 real? (2)

𝑥
4.2 Given: √5 − 2𝑥 = +4
2

4.2.1 Without solving the equation, show that the solution to the above
5
equation lies in the interval −8 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2. (5)

4.2.2 Solve the equation and determine the exact value(s) of 𝑥. (5)

[14]

QUESTION 5

5.1

5.2

5.3
5.4

5.5

5.6
5.7

5.8

5.9

5.10

MSI 25
 6

6.1

6.2

6.3

6.4

6.5

6.6

7.1
7.2

7.3

7.4

MSI 26
 8

8.1

8.2
8.3

8.4

8.4.1

8.4.2

8.5

8.6

9.1

9.2
9.3

9.4

9.5

9.6

9.7

MSI 27
 10

10.1

10.2
10.3
10.4

10.5

10.6

10.7

10.8

11

11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4

11.5
11.6

11.7

11.8

MSI 28
 12

12.1

12.2

12.3

12.4

MSI 29
 13

13.1

13.2

13.3

13.4

13.4.1

13.4.1

MSI 30
 14

14.1 14.1.1

14.1.2

14.2

14.2.1

14.2.2

14.2.3

14.2.4

14.2.5

15

15.1

MSI 31
 16

16.1

16.2

16.3

16.4

MSI 32
 17

17.1

17.2

17.3

17.4

17.5

17.5.1

17.5.2

17.5.3

17.6

17.7

MSI 33
 18

18.1

18.2

18.3

18.4

18.5

MSI 34
 19

19.1
19.2

19.3

19.4

19.5

19.6

MSI 35
 20

20.1

20.2

20.3

20.4

20.4.1

20.4.2

20.4.3

20.4.4
20.5

21

21.1

21.2

MSI 36
 22

22.1

22.2

22.3

22.4

22.5

22.6

22.7

22.8

MSI 37
 23

23.1

23.2

23.3

23.4

23.5

23.6

23.7

23.8

23.9

MSI 38
 24

24.1
24.2
24.3

24.4
24.5
24.6

24.7

24.8

MSI 39
 HYPERBOLA QUESTIONS
QUESTION 1
𝑥+3
Given: 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥+1

1.1 Calculate the coordinates of the 𝑥-intercept and 𝑦-intercept of 𝑓. (4)

2
1.2 Show that 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥+1 + 1. (2)

1.3 Write down the equations of the vertical and horizontal asymptotes of 𝑓. (2)

1.4 Draw a sketch graph of 𝑓(𝑥) showing clearly the intercepts and asymptotes with the
axes (4)
2
1.5 Use your graph to solve: 𝑥+1 ≥ 1. (3)

[15]

QUESTION 2
2
Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = +1
𝑥−3

2.1 Write down the equation of the asymptotes of 𝑓. (2)

2.2 Calculate the coordinates of the 𝑥-intercept and 𝑦-intercept of 𝑓. (3)

2.3 Sketch 𝑓 clearly showing all intercepts with the axes and the asymptotes. (3)

[8]

QUESTION 3
3
Given the function: 𝑓(𝑥) = − 3.
𝑥−2

3.1 Write down the equation of the asymptotes of 𝑓. (2)

3.2 Determine the coordinates intercepts of the graph of 𝑓. (3)

3.3 Draw a neat sketch of 𝑓. Indicate all intercepts with the axes. (4)

3.4 Write down the equation of the axis of symmetry of 𝑓 with a negative gradient. (2)

3.5 Write down the range of 𝑓(𝑥) + 2. (1)

[12]

MSI 40
QUESTION 4
3
Consider the function: 𝑓(𝑥) = −2
𝑥−1

4.1 Write down the equation of the asymptotes of 𝑓. (2)

4.2 Determine the coordinates of the intercepts of the graph of 𝑓 with the axes. (3)

4.3 Sketch the graph of 𝑓. (3)

4.4 Write down the range of 𝑦 = −𝑓(𝑥). (1)

−3
4.5 Describe, in words, the transformation of 𝑓 to 𝑔 if 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥+1 − 2. (2)

[11]

QUESTION 5
6
Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = + 3.
𝑥−2

5.1 Write down the equations of the asymptotes of the graph of 𝑓. (2)

5.2 Write down the domain of 𝑓. (1)

5.3 Draw a sketch graph of 𝑓, indicating the intercept(s) with the axes and the asymptotes.
(4)

5.4 The graph of 𝑓 is translated to 𝑔. Describe the transformation in the form

(𝑥; 𝑦) → … if the axes of symmetry of 𝑔 are 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 3 and 𝑦 = −𝑥 + 1. (4)

[11]

QUESTION 6
𝑎
6.1 The function defined as 𝑦 = 𝑥+𝑝 + 𝑞 has the following properties:

• The domain if 𝑥 ∈ ℛ, 𝑥 ≠ −2.

• 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 6 is an axis of symetry.
• The function is increasing for all 𝑥 ∈ ℛ, 𝑥 ≠ −2.

Draw a neat sketch of the graph of this function. Your sketch must include the if any.
[4]

MSI 41
QUESTION 7
−6
7.1 Consider the function: ℎ(𝑥) = − 1.
𝑥−3

7.1.1 Calculate the coordinates of the 𝑦-intercept of ℎ. (2)

7.1.2 Calculate the coordinates of the 𝑥-intercepts of ℎ. (3)

7.1.3 Sketch ℎ showing all intercepts with the axes and the asymptotes. (4)

7.1.4 For which values of 𝑥 is ℎ(𝑥) > 0? (2)

7.1.5 Calculate the average gradient of ℎ between 𝑥 = −2 and 𝑥 = 0. (4)

7.2 Draw a sketch graph of 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, where 𝑎 < 0, 𝑏 > 0, 𝑐 < 0 and

𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 has only ONE solution. (4)

[19]

QUESTION 8
6
Given: 𝑔(𝑥) = − 1.
𝑥+2

8.1 Write down the equation of the asymptotes of 𝑔. (2)

8.2 Caclulate:

8.2.1 the 𝑦-intercept of 𝑔. (1)

8.2.2 the 𝑥-intercept of 𝑔. (2)

8.3 Draw a graph of 𝑔, showing clearly the asymptotes and the intercepts with the

axes. (3)

8.4 Determine the equation of the line of symmetry with a negative gradient in the

form 𝑦 = … (3)
6
8.5 Determine the values of 𝑥 for which 𝑥+2 − 1 ≥ −𝑥 − 3. (2)

[13]

MSI 42
QUESTION 9
𝑎
The diagram below represents the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = + 𝑞.
𝑥−𝑝

𝑇(5; 3) is a point of 𝑓.

9.1 Determine the values of 𝑎, 𝑝 and 𝑞. (4)

9.2 If the graph of 𝑓 is reflected across the line having equation 𝑦 = −𝑥 + 𝑐, the new graph
coincides with the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥). Determine the value of 𝑐. (3)

[7]

MSI 43
QUESTION 10
𝑎
Sketched below are the graphs of 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 𝑝)2 + 𝑞 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥−𝑏 + 𝑐.

5
𝐴 (2 ; 0) is a point of the graph of 𝑓. 𝑃 is the turning point of 𝑓. The asymptotes of 𝑔 are
represented by the dotted lines. The graph of 𝑔 passes through the origin.

10.1 Determine the equation of 𝑔. (4)

10.2 Determine the coordinates of 𝑃, the turning point of 𝑓. (4)

10.3 Write down the equations of the asymptotes of 𝑔(𝑥 − 1). (2)

10.4 Write down the equation of ℎ, if ℎ is the image of 𝑓 reflected in the 𝑥-axis. (1)

[11]

MSI 44
QUESTION 11
1 1
Sketched below are the graphs of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 and 𝑔(𝑥) = − + 1.
2 𝑥+1

P and Q are the points of intersection of 𝑓 and 𝑔.

1
11.1 Show that the coordinates of P and Q are 𝑃(−2; 2) and 𝑄(1; 2) respectively. (6)

11.2 An axis of symmetry of the graph of 𝑔 is a straight line defined a 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐,

where 𝑚 > 0. Write down the equation of this straight lie in the form ℎ(𝑥) = … (2)
1
11.3 Show algebraically that 𝑔(𝑥) + 𝑔 (2) = 𝑔(−𝑥). 𝑔(𝑥 − 1). (𝑥 ≠ 0 or 𝑥 ≠ 1). (3)

[11]

MSI 45
QUESTION 12
𝑎
Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥−𝑝 + 𝑞. The point A(2; 3) is the point of intersection of the asymptotes of 𝑓.

The graph of 𝑓 intersects the 𝑥-axis at (1; 0). D is the 𝑦-intercept of 𝑓.

12.1 Write down the equations of the asymptotes of 𝑓. (2)

12.2 Determine the equation of 𝑓. (3)

12.3 Write down the coordinates of D. (2)

12.4 Write down the equation of 𝑔 if 𝑔 is the straight-line joining A and D. (2)

12.5 Write down the coordinates of the other point of intersection of 𝑓 and 𝑔. (4)

[14]

MSI 46
QUESTION 13
−3
The graphs of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥+1 + 5 and 𝑔(𝑥) = −3𝑥 + 2 are sketeched below

13.1 Write down the range of 𝑓. (1)

13.2 Determine the coordinates of the points of intersection of 𝑓 and 𝑔. (7)

3
13.3 Describe the transformation of 𝑓 to ℎ if ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥+1 + 5. (1)

[9]

MSI 47
QUESTION 14
16
The graphs of the functions 𝑓(𝑥) = −2𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 10 and 𝑔(𝑥) = are sketched below.
𝑥

G and H are the 𝑥-intercepts of 𝑓. D is the turning point of 𝑓. Points A, B and C are points of
intersection of 𝑓 and 𝑔.

14.1 Write down the equations of the asymptotes of 𝑔. (2)

14.2 Determine the coordinates of H. (4)

14.3 Determine the range of 𝑓. (4)

14.4 Determine the coordinates of the turning point of 𝑝 if 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑓(3𝑥). (3)

[13]

MSI 48
QUESTION 15
𝑎
Sketched below is the graph of g(𝑥) = 𝑥−𝑝 + 𝑞.

𝐶(2; 6) is the point of intersectionof the asymptotes of 𝑔.

5
𝐵 (2 ; 0) is the 𝑥-intercept of 𝑔.

𝑎
15.1 Determine the equation of 𝑔 in the form g(𝑥) = 𝑥−𝑝 + 𝑞. (4)

15.2 F is the reflection of B across C. Determine the coordinates of F. (2)

[6]

MSI 49
QUESTION 16
𝑎
The diagram below shows the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥+𝑝 + 𝑞. 𝐴(4; 6) is a point on the graph.

16.1 Determine the value(s) of 𝑎, 𝑝 and 𝑞. (4)

16.2 Write down the range of 𝑔 if 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) − 2. (2)

16.3 If the graph of 𝑓 is symmetrical with respect to the line 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑐, determine the value
of 𝑐. (3)

[9]

THE END

MSI 50