Scribd
Upload
6 views12 pages

EAPP Handouts

Uploaded by

honggegewon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
6 views12 pages

EAPP Handouts

Uploaded by

honggegewon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

Lesson 1: Structure of Academic Text

Academic texts include concepts and theories that are related to the
specific discipline. They usually exhibit all the properties of a well-written
text, organization, unity, coherence and cohesion, as well as strict adherence
to rules of language use and mechanics.
Academic articles are written by professionals in a given field. They are
edited by the authors' peers and often take years to publish. Their language
is formal and will contain words and terms typical to the field. The authors
name will be present, and their credentials. There will be a list of references
that indicate where the author obtained the information s/he is using in the
article.
Non-Academic articles are written for the mass public. They are published
quickly and can be written by anyone. Their language is informal, casual and
may contain slang. The author may not be provided and will not have any
credentials listed. There will be no reference list. This article would be non
academic because the language is very casual and includes some examples
of slang, there is an author, but they chose to write anonymously and so
there are no credentials provided for him, and no references were included to
show where the author obtained his information.

Basic structures of academic texts:

1. Narration- Explains a sequence of events, it can be fiction or


nonfiction.
It can be subjective or objective.
a. Objective narration- presents facts to create an accurate timeline
of events.
b. Subjective narration- conveys impressions, feelings, insights, or
points of view.
2. Definition- used in explaining unfamiliar terms to explain or convince.
a. Standard Definitions- meaning rarely changes and is universally
accepted. (e.g. definition of right angle)
b. Regulatory Definition- meaning are assigned by organizations ang
changes depending on how it is used. (e.g. PAG-ASA’s definition of
critical level)
c. Qualifying definitions- meanings or words that are subject to
interpretation
d. Personal definition- are definitions that depend on the
interpretations or assigned meaning of the writer himself. (e.g. the
definition of friendship)
e. Invented definitions- meanings given to words which are newly
coined as already being used in society.
3. Classification
Classifying involves combining objects or items into categories based
on their distinct characteristics.

4. Comparison and Contrast


Comparison is to see how two objects or items are alike while contrast
is to identify their differences.
5. Cause and Effect
Cause and Effect as a writing strategy states or tells the reason why
things happen or explains the results of a certain phenomenon.

It is important to determine the text structure of academic text to identify


the main ideas.

Common Text Structures


Text structures (WDPI, 2012) refer to the way authors organize information
in text.
Activity 1. Read the text and write what structure of text is used.

_____1. There are two popular sports played at Milton, basketball, and
volleyball. Both take place inside of the gym at Milton. Also, each sport has
two teams of people. In basketball, however, the ball can be played off of the
floor, and in volleyball, the ball cannot touch the floor, or it is out of play.
Basketball and volleyball are popular sports at Milton. What text structure is
this?
_____2. Lots of students fail classes. Some students fail because the work is
too hard for them. Other times they may fail because they are lazy, and
don’t do any work. Another reason why students may fail is if they don’t go
to school. If you’re not in class, you may miss a lot. Many students fail
classes every quarter. What text structure is this?
_____3. Dr. Knapp doesn’t want people to sit back and let the toad vanish. He
believes that everyone is responsible for restoring the toad species. Dr.
Knapp thinks we could help restore the toad population if we stop mowing
parts of our lawns and let the grass grow wild to reserve space for the toad.
He also believes we need to stop using pesticides and fertilizers. The
chemicals kill the insects that toads eat. If we preserve some spaces in our
lawns and stop using fertilizers, Dr. Knapp believes we can save the toads.
What text structure is this?
_____4. Devers experienced the highlight of any sprinter’s career, as she
stood on the huge platform in the giant stadium and received an Olympic
gold medal. Eighteen months earlier she wasn’t thinking about running. She
was hoping that she would be able to walk again. Just four years earlier, in
the summer of 1988, as Devers was training for the Olympic Games, to be
held in Seoul, South Korea, she began to feel very tired all the time and
failed to make the Olympic finals. What text structure is this? _____5 The
Eiffel Tower is divided into three sections. I. The lowest section of the tower
contains the entrance, a gift shop, and a restaurant. II. The middle section of
the tower consists of stairs and elevators that lead to the top. III. The top
section of the tower includes an observation deck with a spectacular view of
Paris.
Lesson II. Academic Language

Academic language is the language needed by students to do the work in


schools. It includes, for example, discipline-specific vocabulary, grammar and
punctuation, and applications of rhetorical conventions and devices that are
typical for a content area (e.g., essays, lab reports, discussions of a
controversial issue.)

Social language is the set of vocabulary that allows us to communicate


with others in the context of regular daily conversation.
Lesson III: Academic Text
Academic text is typically used for textbooks, tests, in classrooms, and any
other discipline related to the field of academics. It is very different from the
structure of vocabulary and structure from everyday conversations through
social interactions. Academic text is a formal way to present words and terms
typical for the field.

Content and Style of Academic Texts


⮚ Include concepts and theories related to the specific discipline
⮚ Have clearly structured introduction, body, and conclusion.
⮚ Include information from credible sources that are properly cited.
⮚ Include concepts and theories that are related to the specific discipline
they explore.
⮚ Usually exhibit all properties of a well-written text --- organization, unity,
coherence, and strict adherence to the rules of language and mechanics.

What is Linguistic Register?

The concept of the linguistic register has been described by Trudgill


(1983:101) as follows:
● Linguistic varieties that are linked to occupations, professions, or topics
have been termed registers. The register of law, for example, is different
from the register of medicine, which in turn is different from the language of
engineering---and so on. Registers are usually characterized solely by
vocabulary differences.
● Registers are simply a rather special case of a kind of language being
produced by the social situation.
Some of the Language Registers are as follows:

● Language of medicine/medical science (medical terminologies)


● Law (legal language
● Journalism (journalistic language)
● Literature (literary language)

1. Medical language - is used to describe components and processes of


the human body, medical procedures, diseases, disorders, and
pharmacology. Simply put, it is the vocabulary that medical
professionals use to describe the body, what it does, and the
treatments they prescribe.
2. Legal language -means a language used by the persons connected to
the legal profession. The language used by the lawyer, jurist, and the
legislative drafts man in their professional capacities. Law being a
technical subject speaks through its own register.
3. Journalistic language - This type of language helps understand how
journalists create their stories or reports, shape points of view, deliver
expected news and how media language is different from other
languages we encounter.
4. Literary language - register of a language that is used in literary
writing.

Jargon - special words or expressions that are used by a particular


profession or group and are difficult for others to understand.

You might also like