Journal Title 2024, Volume(Issue), x.

https://doi.org/10.54517/xxxx

Article Type

A note on (p,q)-type of (A,B)-convex function

CITATION
Abstract: In this short note, we present a new definition of convexity, much more compact
Author Name. Article title. Journal
Title. 2024; Volume(Issue): X.
than the known ones and which includes as particular cases many of the known definitions and
https://doi.org/10.54517/xxxx on this basis, a new formulation of the classical Hermite-Hadamard inequality.

ARTICLE INFO
Keywords: (h,m)-convex modified function, Hermite-Hadamard inequality

Received: Date Month Year

Accepted: Date Month Year 1. Preliminaries
Available online: Date Month Year
The concept of a convex function has been developed and formalized throughout
COPYRIGHT
history by several mathematicians. However, it is primarily associated with the work
of mathematicians such as Augustin-Louis Cauchy and Karl Weierstrass in the 19th
Copyright © 2024 by author(s). century. Cauchy, for example, introduced ideas about convexity in the context of
Journal Title is published by Asia
optimization and function theory.
Pacific Academy of Science Pte. Ltd.
This work is licensed under the
Creative Commons Attribution (CC The evolution of this notion can be summarized in the following aspects:
BY) license.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Origins in Geometry: The notion of convexity is related to geometry. In ancient times,
by/4.0/
polygons and convex figures were studied, although informally.

Classical Mathematics: During the Renaissance and the classical era of mathematics,
concepts related to convexity began to be formalized. Mathematicians such as Euclid
and later Descartes explored properties of geometric figures.

Mathematical Analysis: In the 18th century, with the advancement of calculus,

properties of functions were formalized. Mathematicians such as Euler and Lagrange
began to study functions that exhibit convexity properties, although the term "convex" was not used systematically.

Formal Development: In the 19th century, mathematicians such as Cauchy and Jensen formalized the concept of convex
functions. Jensen, in particular, introduced the famous Jensen inequality, which is fundamental to the theory of
convexity.

Optimization and Economics: In the 20th century, convex functions gained great importance in optimization theory and
economics. Convexity became a key tool for solving maximization and minimization problems, thanks to the fact that
convex functions have properties that facilitate the analysis of critical points.

Contemporary Research: Today, the study of convex functions is an active area of research in pure and applied
mathematics. They are used in fields such as game theory, economics, information theory, and convex optimization.

1
 Journal Title 2024, Voluem(Issue), x.

That is to say, the modern definition of convex function has been consolidated over time, but one of the key authors in
the formalization of this concept is the American mathematician Paul Halmos. His work “Finite-Dimensional Vector
Spaces” and other texts have contributed to establishing a clear and formal understanding of convexity in mathematical
analysis.

Without a doubt, the notion of Convex Function is one of the mathematical concepts that have been most fruitful in
recent years, given its multiple applications not only in Mathematical Sciences. In the following, it is a real, closed and
bounded interval. It is said that a function 𝑓: 𝐼 ⊆ ℝ → ℝ is convex in the interval I, if the inequality

𝑓(𝑡𝑥 + (1 − 𝑡)𝑦) ≤ 𝑡𝑓(𝑥) + (1 − 𝑡)𝑓(𝑦) (1)

holds for all 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝐼 and 𝑡 ∈ [0,1]. We say that f is concave if -f is convex.
The convex function is a fundamental concept in mathematics and optimization for several reasons:

Optimization Properties: Convex functions have the property that any local minimum is also a global minimum. This
greatly simplifies optimization problems, since you can be sure that any point where the function reaches a minimum is
the best possible.

Ease of Computation: Techniques for finding optima of convex functions are generally more efficient. There are specific
algorithms, such as the gradient descent method, that work well on this type of functions.

Modeling Real Problems: Many problems in economics, engineering, and applied sciences can be modeled using convex
functions. This allows the use of robust mathematical tools for the analysis and solution of such problems.

Important Theorems: There are many fundamental theorems in analysis and optimization theory that apply to convex
functions, such as the convex separation theorem or the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker theorem, which are essential for the study
of optimization problems.

Interdisciplinarity: Convex functions appear in a variety of disciplines, from game theory to machine learning, making
them a key concept at the intersection of mathematics, economics, and computer science.

In short, convexity facilitates the analysis, optimization, and resolution of complex problems in a variety of fields of
knowledge.

All of the above has led to more and more researchers becoming involved in research related to this concept, which has
led to a fairly notable production in recent years. In this way, the classical notion has spread and become generalized in
multiple directions. Interested readers can consult [85], where a fairly comprehensive study was conducted of the most
commonly used notions until 2020. From this work we took the following diagram:

References:
• C Classical convex function.
• CO Convexity with respect to another function.
• SC-C Strongly convex function with modulus C.
• HC Harmonically convex function.
• SHC-C Strongly harmonically convex function with modulus C.
• h-C h-convex function.
• P-C P- convex function.
• G-L Godunova-Levin function.
• S-C s-convex function.
• SC-1 s-convex function in the first sense.
• SC-2 s-convex function in the second sense.
• m-C m-convex function.
• G-C Geometrically convex function.

2
 Journal Title 2024, Voluem(Issue), x.

• m-GC m-geometrically convex function.

• (,m)-C (,m) convex function.
• (,m)-GC (,m) geometrically convex function.
• GAC Geometric arithmetically convex function.
• (m,h1,h2)-C (m,h1,h2) convex function.
• (m,h1,h2)-GAC (m,h1,h2) geometric arithmetically convex function.
• -C  convex function.
• -GAC Generalized geometric arithmetically convex function with respect to .
• qC Quasi-convex function.
• CC C- convex function.
• cqC C- quasi-convex function.
• qCC Quasi-convex function with respect to C.
• qC -quasi-convex function.

In [9] we presented the following definitions.

Definition 1. A function 𝜓: 𝐼 = [0, +∞) → [0, +∞) is denomined a (ℎ, 𝑚)-convex modified of the first type
on 𝐼 if the following inequality
𝜓(𝜏𝜉 + 𝑚(1 − 𝜏)𝜍) ≤ ℎ 𝑠 (𝜏)𝜓(𝜉) + 𝑚(1 − ℎ 𝑠 (𝜏))𝜓(𝜍) (2)

hold, with ℎ: [0,1] → ℝ a nonnegative function, ℎ ≠ 0, for all 𝜉, 𝜍 ∈ 𝐼, 𝜏 ∈ [0,1], and 𝑚 ∈ [0,1], 𝑠 ∈ [−1,1].

3
 Journal Title 2024, Voluem(Issue), x.

Definition 2. A function 𝜓: 𝐼 = [0, +∞) → [0, +∞) is denomined a (ℎ, 𝑚)-convex modified of the second
type on 𝐼 if the following inequality
𝑠
𝜓(𝜏𝜉 + 𝑚(1 − 𝜏)𝜍) ≤ ℎ 𝑠 (𝜏)𝜓(𝜉) + 𝑚(1 − ℎ(𝜏)) 𝜓(𝜍) (3)

hold, with ℎ: [0,1] → ℝ a nonnegative function, ℎ ≠ 0, for all 𝜉, 𝜍 ∈ 𝐼, 𝜏 ∈ [0,1], and 𝑚 ∈ [0,1], 𝑠 ∈ [−1,1].
𝑠 [𝐼],
Remark 3. Taking into account the Definitions 1 and 2 previous, we can denote 𝑁ℎ,𝑚 where I ⊂ [0, +∞) with I
some nondegenerate real interval, to the set of functions (ℎ, 𝑚) − convex modified, characterized by the triple
(𝑚, 𝑠, ℎ(𝑧)). Note that if:
1. (0,0, ℎ(𝑧)) we have the increasing functions ([23]).

2. (0, 𝑠, 𝑧) we have the 𝑠 −starshaped functions ([23]).

3. (0,1, 𝑧) we have the starshaped functions ([23]).

4. (1,1, 𝑧) then 𝜓 is a convex function on [0, +∞) ([23]).

5. (𝑚, 1, 𝑧) then 𝜓 is a 𝑚 −convex function on [0, +∞) ([105]).

6. (1, 𝑠, 𝑧) 𝑠 ∈ (0,1] then 𝜓 is a 𝑠 −convex function on [0, +∞) ([22], [52]).

7. (1, 𝑠, 𝑧) 𝑠 ∈ [−1,1] then 𝜓 is a 𝑠 −convex extended function on [0, +∞) ([112]).

8. (𝑚, 𝑠, 𝑧) 𝑠 ∈ (0,1] then 𝜓 is a (𝑠, 𝑚)-convex extended function on [0, +∞) ([94]).

9. (1, 𝑠, 𝑧 𝑎 ) with 𝑎 ∈ (0,1], then 𝜓 is a (𝑎, 𝑠)-convex function on [0, +∞) ([20]).

10. (𝑚, 1, 𝑧 𝑎 ) with 𝑎 ∈ (0,1], then 𝜓 is a (𝑎, 𝑚)-convex function on [0, +∞) ([69]).

11. (𝑚, 𝑠, 𝑧 𝑎 ) with 𝑎 ∈ (0,1], then 𝜓 is a 𝑠 − (𝑎, 𝑚)-convex function on [0, +∞) ([111]).

12. (𝑚, 1, ℎ(𝑧)) then 𝜓 is a variant of an (ℎ, 𝑚) −convex function on [0, +∞) ([89]).

The usefulness of inequalities in a general sense is well known, especially those linked to convex functions, and is
widely recognized as one of the main pillars of development of Mathematical Sciences today, which has led to greater
attention from researchers, both mathematicians and applied scientists.
Let 0 < 𝑥1 ≤ 𝑥2 ≤. . . ≤ 𝑥𝑛 and let 𝑤𝑘 (1 ≤ 𝑘 ≤ 𝑛) be positive weights associated with these 𝑥𝑘 and whose sum is
unity. Then Jensen’s inequality ([71]):
𝑓(∑𝑤𝑘 𝑥𝑘 ) ≤ ∑𝑤𝑘 𝑓(𝑥𝑘 ) (4)

holds.
The Hermite-Hadamar inequality is perhaps one of the best known within the topic of integral inequalities. For any
convex function 𝑓 on [𝑎, 𝑏]. The inequality:
𝑎+𝑏 1 𝑏 𝑓(𝑎)+𝑓(𝑏)
𝑓( 2
) ≤ 𝑏−𝑎 ∫𝑎 𝑓 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 ≤ 2
(5)

holds,
This inequality was published by Hermite ([49]) in 1883 and, independently, by Hadamard in 1893 ([47]), it is one of
the few ways to estimate the integral mean value of a function, in this case, convex, we can also say that the integral
mean value of a convex function interpolates Jensen's inequality for n=2 and weights equal to 1/2 (see also

4
 Journal Title 2024, Voluem(Issue), x.

[28,48,70,77]). In recent years we can see four perfectly defined directions of work in refining and generalizing the
previous inequality:
1. Using different notions of convexity (see [3],[10],[11],[12],[13],[16],[33],[39],[44],[58],[62],[66],[84],[109]).

2. Refinement of the mesh used (there is a crucial issue in this direction of work, suppose we use instead of 𝑎
𝑎+𝑏
and 𝑏, the ends of the interval, the points 𝑎, 2 and 𝑏, then we must ensure that at the midpoint, the integral
operator used, does not have a jump, since the result would not be guaranteed in all [𝑎, 𝑏]).

3. Improved estimates of the left and right members of (5) (see [7]).

4. Using new generalized and fractional integral operators (see [9],[14],[15],[19],[21],[24],[34],[35], [36],[37],
[38], [40],[46],[45],[61],[63], [64],[65],[67],[68],[74],[75],[76],[78],[79],[80],[81],[83],[86],[96],[107],[108]).

In this note we review some of the best-known definitions of convexity and, on that basis, we present a more compact
version of the definition given by Kalinin in [56, 57]. Later we present a variant of the classical Hermite-Hadamard
inequality.

2. The concept of (𝜶, 𝜷)-convex function.

We note that in the inequality (1) (obviously, for concave functions the converse inequality is fulfilled) the expression
𝑡𝑥 + (1 − 𝑡)𝑦 is the weighted average of the numbers of the arithmetic mean 𝑥 and 𝑦 with the weights 𝑡 and 1 − 𝑡 and
there is such a mean value of the mean weighted power ([56, 57]):
1
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
= {(𝜆𝑎 + (1 − 𝜆)𝑏 ) , 𝑥 ≠ 0
(𝜆,1−𝜆)
𝐹𝑎,𝑏 (𝑥) (6)
𝑎 𝜆 𝑏1−𝜆 , 𝑥 = 0

of positive values 𝑎 and 𝑏 for 𝑥 = 1 ; for such 𝑥 , the function given in (6) is defined for any values 𝑎 and 𝑏 .
Consequently, in terms of weighted average power (6), so the inequality (5) can be represented as
(λ,1−λ) (λ,1−λ)
𝑓 (𝐹𝑎,𝑏 (1)) ≤ 𝐹𝑓(𝑎),𝑓(𝑏) (1) (7)

The last point, inspires Kalinin in the introduction a more general concept of convexity, which allows studying a broader
class of functions that may not be convex in the classical sense, but which maintain useful properties in optimization
and analysis.ithat generalizes the concept of classic convex function.
Definition 4. A real function f, positive and continuous defined on the interval 𝐼 ⊂ (0, +∞), is denomined (𝛼, 𝛽)-
convex if for any interval [𝑎, 𝑏] ⊂ 𝐼 and any number 𝜆 ∈ (0,1) the following inequality is fulfilled:
(λ,1−λ) (λ,1−λ)
𝑓 (𝐹𝑎,𝑏 (α)) ≤ 𝐹𝑓(𝑎),𝑓(𝑏) (β). (8)

The function f will be (𝛼, 𝛽)-nonstrict convex, if the inequality (8) is not strict.

Remark 5. From the above Definition, it is clear that if ==1 the f is a classic convex function. In the same way if
=1, =0 we have a function logarithmic convexity on this interval, if =0, =1 then we obtain the GA-convexity, and
if =-1, =1 the f is harmonically convex.
Let us dwell on the previous Definition. If we analyze the Definition of (ℎ, 𝑚)-convexity it is clear that the previous
definition is not included, as are many of the ones it contains. This makes it necessary to extend and generalize Kalini’s
definitions to include new classes of convex functions.
Finally, we want to generalize the above definitions as follows.

5
 Journal Title 2024, Voluem(Issue), x.

Definition 6. A positive and continuous function 𝑓: 𝐼 ⊆ ℝ → ℝ on interval 𝐼 ⊂ (0, +∞), is called a function (𝐴, 𝐵)-
convex of (𝑝, 𝑞)-type, if the following inequality hold:

(𝑝 (𝜆),𝑝2 (1−𝜆)) (𝑞 (𝜆),𝑞 (1−𝜆))

𝑓 (𝐹𝑎,𝑏1 1
(𝐴)) ≤ 𝐹𝑓(𝑎),𝑓(𝑏)2
(𝐵) (9)

for any interval [𝑎, 𝑏] ⊂ 𝐼 and any number 𝜆 ∈ (0,1).

Remark 7. From Definitions 6 we can consider the following point 𝑝1 (𝜆), 𝑝2 (1 − 𝜆), 𝑞1 (𝜆), 𝑞2 (1 − 𝜆), 𝐴 and 𝐵. In
this way, we can characterize our last definition by the sextuple (𝑝1 (𝜆), 𝑝2 (1 − 𝜆), 𝑞1 (𝜆), 𝑞2 (1 − 𝜆), 𝐴, 𝐵). So we have
(not exhaustively):
1. 𝑓 is a convex function on [0, +∞) if (𝜆, 1 − 𝜆, 𝜆, 1 − 𝜆, 1,1).

2. 𝑓 is a 𝑚-convex function on [0, +∞) with 𝑚 ∈ [0,1] if (𝜆, 𝑚(1 − 𝜆), 𝜆, 𝑚(1 − 𝜆), 1,1).

3. 𝑓 is a 𝑠-convex function in the second sense on [0, +∞) with 𝑠 ∈ (0,1] if (𝜆, 1 − 𝜆, 𝜆𝑠 , (1 − 𝜆)𝑠 , 1,1).

4. 𝑓 is a (𝑠, 𝑚) -convex function in the second sense on [0, +∞) with 𝑚 ∈ [0,1] and 𝑠 ∈ (0,1] if
(𝜆, 𝑚(1 − 𝜆), 𝜆𝑠 , 𝑚(1 − 𝜆)𝑠 , 1,1).

5. 𝑓 is a (ℎ, 𝑚)-convex modified function in the second sense on [0, +∞) where 𝑚 ∈ [0,1], 𝑠 ∈ [−1,1] if
𝑠
(𝜆, 𝑚(1 − 𝜆), ℎ(𝜆)𝑠 , 𝑚(1 − ℎ(𝜆)) , 1,1), (see Definition 2).

All of the above shows the breadth and scope of this new class of convex functions.
In the case of 𝑛 = 2, Jensen’s Inequality (4), we can write it, using the notations of the Definition 6 in the following
way:
𝜆𝜆 𝜆𝜆
( , ) ( , )
22 22
𝑓 (𝐹𝑎,𝑏 (1)) ≤ 𝐹𝑓(𝑎),𝑓(𝑏) (1).

This allows us a more concise expression of the Hermite-Hadamard Inequality in this form:
𝜆𝜆 𝜆𝜆
( , ) 1 𝑏 ( , )
𝑓 (𝐹𝑎,𝑏2 2 (1)) ≤ 𝑏−𝑎 ∫𝑎 𝑓 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 ≤ 𝐹𝑓(𝑎),𝑓(𝑏)
22
(1). (10)

As a visual detail, we add the fulfillment of the Hermite-Hadamard Inequality, for the convex function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 .

6
 Journal Title 2024, Voluem(Issue), x.

Readers may ask: why are new notions of convexity necessary? Specifically, they are necessary for several reasons:

Different Contexts: As mathematics expands, other fields (such as optimization, geometry, and economics) emerge that
require adaptations of the concept of convexity to be applicable in their specific contexts.

Generalization: Newer definitions can generalize convexity properties to include broader mathematical structures, such
as infinite-dimensional vector spaces or nondifferentiable functions.

Interaction with other areas: New definitions can facilitate the connection between convexity and other mathematical
concepts, such as topology, game theory, or measure theory, thus expanding its usefulness.

Improvements in Application: In applied fields, such as economics and statistics, new definitions allow for more
complex and realistic phenomena to be modeled, adapting convexity to practical situations.

Technological Advances: With the development of algorithms and computational methods, specific needs arise that
require more precise and flexible approaches in the study of convexity.

These reasons show how the evolution of the concept of convexity allows mathematical and applied problems to be
addressed more effectively and comprehensively.

3. Conclusions
In this note we have generalized the classical definition of a convex function, using the idea of [56,57] and presented
a more concise expression for the classical Hermite-Hadamard inequality.
However, we would like to point out some open points.
Obviously from the Definition 6, we are left with some additional details. In [3] we presented the following definitions.
Definition 8. A non empty set 𝒦 is called generalized 𝜙–convex, if
𝑏 + 𝜆𝐄𝛼 (𝑎 − 𝑏) ∈ 𝒦

7
 Journal Title 2024, Voluem(Issue), x.

holds for all 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝒦 and 𝜆 ∈ [0,1].

Definition 9. A function ℎ: 𝒦 ⊆ ℝ → ℝ is said to be generalized 𝜙–convex on a generalized 𝜙–convex set 𝒦, if the
inequality
ℎ(𝑏 + 𝜆𝐄𝛼 (𝑎 − 𝑏)) ≤ 𝜆ℎ(𝑏) + (1 − 𝜆)ℎ(𝑎)

holds for all 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝒦 and 𝜆 ∈ [0,1] with 𝐄𝛼 (⋅) the Mittag–Leffler function. We say that ℎ is 𝜙–concave if −ℎ is 𝜙–
convex.
It is clear that this class of convex functions is not contained in the Definition 6. The need to extend this Definition
then naturally arises, let us rewrite the classical argument of a convex function 𝜆𝑎 + (1 − 𝜆)𝑏 as 𝑏 + (𝑎 − 𝑏)𝜆 so we
have
Thus we have:
Definition 10. A positive and continuous function 𝑓: 𝐼 ⊆ ℝ → ℝ on interval 𝐼 ⊂ (0, +∞), is called generalized 𝜙–
convex on a generalized 𝜙–convex set 𝒦, if the inequality:
(1,𝜆 𝜆,1−𝜆
𝑓 (𝐹𝑏,𝐄𝛼(𝑎−𝑏) (1)) ≤ 𝐹𝑓(𝑎),𝑓(𝑏) (1). (11)

This new functional class can be characterized by (𝑏, 𝐄𝛼 (𝑎 − 𝑏), 1, 𝜆, 𝜆, 1 − 𝜆, 1,1), i.e., is characterized by the octuple
instead of the sextuple of the previous Definition.
Obviously, there remain many properties and consequences of the introduction of these new classes of convex functions,
but that will be the subject of future work.

References
1. Akkurt, M. E. Yildirim, H. Yildirim, On some integral inequalities for k-Riemann-Liouville fractional integral, NTMSCI
4, No. 1, 138-146 (2016) http://dx.doi.org/10.20852/ntmsci.2016217824
2. M. Alomari, M. Darus, S. Dragomir, New inequalities of Hermite-Hadamard type for functions whose second derivatives
absolute values are quasi-convex, Tamkang Journal of Mathematics Volume 41, Number 4, 353-359, Winter 2010
3. M. A. Ali, J. E. Nápoles V., A. Kashuri, Z. Zhang, Fractional non conformable Hermite-Hadamard inequalities for
generalized -convex functions, Fasciculi Mathematici, Nr 64 2020, 5-16 DOI: 10.21008/j.0044-4413.2020.0007
4. Bayraktar,Some New Inequalities of Hermite-Hadamard Type for Differentiable Godunova-Levin Functions via Fractional
Integrals, Konuralp Journal of Mathematics, 8 (1) (2020) 91-96
5. Bayraktar, Some integral inequalities of Hermite-Hadamard type for differentiable (s,m)-convex functions via fractional
integrals, TWMS J. App. Eng. Math. V.10, N.3, 2020, pp. 625-637
6. B. Bayraktar, Some Integral Inequalities For Functions Whose Absolute Values Of The Third Derivative is Concave And
r-Convex, Turkish J. Ineq. 4 (2), 59 –78 (2020)
7. B. Bayraktar, S. I. Butt, J. E. Nápoles, F. Rabossi, Some New estimates of integral inequalities and their applications, 2024,
T. 76, No. 2, 159-178 DOI: 10.3842/umzh.v76i2.7266
8. Bahtiyar Bayraktar, Paulo M. Guzmán, Juan E. Nápoles V, New integral inequalities in the framework of weighted integrals,
submited.
9. B. Bahtiyar, J. E. Nápoles V., New integral inequalities of Hermite-Hadamard type in a generalized context, submited
10. B. Bayraktar, J. E. Nápoles V., A note on Hermite-Hadamard integral inequality for (h,m)-convex modified functions in
a generalized framework, submited.
11. B. Bayraktar, J. E. Nápoles Valdés, New generalized integral inequalities via (h,m)-convex modified functions, Izvestiya
Instituta Matematiki i Informatiki Udmurtskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta, 2022. Volume 60. pp. 3-15
10.35634/2226-3594-2022-60-01
12. B. Bayraktar, J. E. Nápoles Valdés, Hermite-Hadamard weighted integral inequalities for (h,m)-convex modified functions,
Fractional Differential Calculus, Volume 12, Number 2 (2022), 235-248 dx.doi.org/10.7153/fdc-2022-12-15

8
 Journal Title 2024, Voluem(Issue), x.

13. B. Bayraktar and Juan E. Nápoles Valdés, Integral inequalities for mappings whose derivatives are (h,m)-convex modified
of second type via Katugampola integrals, Annals of the University of Craiova, Mathematics and Computer Science Series,
Volume 49(2), 2022, Pages 371-383, DOI: 10.52846/ami.v49i2.1596
14. B. Bayraktar, J. E. Nápoles V., F. Rabossi, On generalizations of integral inequalities, Probl. Anal. Issues Anal. Vol. 11
(29), No 2, 2022, pp. 3-23 3 DOI: 10.15393/j3.art.2022.11190
15. B. Bayraktar, J. E. Nápoles, F. Rabossi, Some Refinements of the Hermite-Hadamard Inequality With the Help of Weighted
Integrals, Ukrains’kyi Matematychnyi Zhurnal, Vol. 75, no. 6, June 2023, pp. 736-752, DOI: 10.37863/umzh.v75i6.7126
16. B. Bayraktar, J. E. Nápoles Valdés, Florencia Rabossi, Aylen D. Samaniego, Some extensions of the Hermite-Hadamard
inequalities for quasi-convex functions via weighted integral, Proyecciones Journal of Mathematics Vol. 42, No 5, pp.
1221-1239, October 2023. DOI 10.22199/issn.0717-6279-5610
17. M. Bessenyei, Z. Páles, On generalized higher-order convexity and Hermite–Hadamard-type inequalities, Acta Sci. Math.
(Szeged), 70 (2004), no. 1-2, 13-24.
18. F. Beckenbach, Convex functions, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 54 (1948), 439-460.
19. S. Bermudo, P. Kórus, J. E. Nápoles V., On q-Hermite-Hadamard inequalities for general convex functions, Acta Math.
Hungar. 162, 364-374 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10474-020-01025-6
20. M. Bilal, M. Imtiaz, A. R. Khan, I. U. Khan, M. Zafran, Generalized Hermite-Hadamard inequalities for s-convex functions
in the mixed kind, submitted
21. M. Bohner, A. Kashuri, P. O. Mohammed, J. E. Nápoles V., Hermite-Hadamard-type inequalities for conformable integrals,
Hacet. J. Math. Stat. Volume 51 (3) (2022), 775-786 DOI:10.15672/hujms.946069
22. W. W. Breckner, Stetigkeitsaussagen fur eine Klasse verallgemeinerter konvexer funktionen in topologischen linearen
Raumen, Pupl. Inst. Math., 23 (1978), 13-20.
23. A. M. Bruckner, E. Ostrow, SOME FUNCTION CLASSES RELATED TO THE CLASS OF CONVEX FUNCTIONS,
Pacific J. Math. 12 (1962), 1203-1215
24. Saad Ihsan Butt, Bahtiyar Bayraktar, Juan E. Nápoles Valdes, Some new inequalities of Hermite-Hadamard type via
Katugampola fractional integral, Punjab University Journal of Mathematics (2023), 55(7-8), 269-289
https://doi.org/10.52280/pujm.2023.55(7-8)02
25. S. I. Butt, M. E. Ozdemir, M. Umar, B. Celik, Several new integral inequalities via Caputo k-fractional derivative operators,
Asian-European Journal of Mathematics, to appear.
26. Cai, J., Wang, B., Du, T., Simpson Type Inequalities for Twice-differentiable Functions Arising from Tempered Fractional
Integral Operators, IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, 54(5), 831–839 (2024).
27. S. S. Dragomir, R. P. Agarwal, Two Inequalities for Differentiable Mappings and Applications to Special Means of Real
Numbers and to Trapezoidal Formula, Appl. Math. Lett. Vol. 11, No. 5, pp. 91-95, 1998
28. S. S. Dragomir, C. E. M. Pearce, Selected Topics on Hermite–Hadamard Inequalities, RGMIA Monographs, Victoria
University, 2000.
29. T. S. Du, H.Wang, M. A. Latif, Y. Zhang, Estimation type results associated to k-fractional integral inequalities with
applications, Journal of King Saud University-Science, (2018) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2018.09.010.
30. T. S. Du, M. U. Awan, A. Kashuri, S. S. Zhao, Some k-fractional extensions of the trapezium inequalities through
generalized relative semi-(m; h)-preinvexity, Appl. Anal., (2019) https://doi.org/10.1080/00036811.2019.1616083
31. A. Erdelyi, F. W. Magnus, F. Oberhettinger, F. G. Tricomi, Higher transcendental functions, New York, McGraw-Hill,
3(1955).
32. Fernandez, P. Mohammed, Hermite–Hadamard inequalities in fractional calculus defined using Mittag–Leffler kernels,
Math. Meth. Appl. Sci. 2021, 44, 8414–8431 DOI: 10.1002/mma.6188
33. J. Galeano Delgado, J. Lloreda, J. E. Nápoles V., E. Pérez Reyes, Certain integral inequalities of Hermite-Hadamard type
for h-convex functions, Journal of Mathematical Control Science and Applications Vol. 7 No. 2 (July-December, 2021),
129-140
34. J. Galeano Delgado, J. E. Nápoles Valdés, Edgardo Pérez Reyes, A note on some integral inequalities in a generalized
framework, Int. J. Appl. Math. Stat.; Vol. 60; Issue No. 1; Year 2021, 45-52
35. J. Galeano Delgado, J. E. Nápoles Valdés, Edgardo Pérez Reyes, Several integral inequalities for generalized Riemann-
Liouville fractional operators, Commun. Fac. Sci. Univ. Ank. Ser. A1 Math. Stat. Volume 70, Number 1, Pages 269–278
(2021) DOI: 10.31801/cfsuasmas.771172

9
 Journal Title 2024, Voluem(Issue), x.

36. J. Galeano Delgado, J. E. Nápoles Valdés, E. Pérez Reyes, New Hermite-Hadamard inequalities in the framework of
generalized fractional integrals, Annals of the University of Craiova, Mathematics and Computer Science Series, Volume
48(2), 2021, Pages 319-327
37. J. Galeano Delgado, J. E. Nápoles Valdés, E. Pérez Reyes, Concerning the generalized Hermite-Hadamard integral
inequality, Sigma J Eng Nat Sci, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 226-231, April, 2023 DOI: 10.14744/sigma.2023.00034
38. Juan Gabriel Galeano Delgado, Juan E. Nápoles Valdés, Edgardo Pérez Reyes, New integral inequalities involving
generalized Riemann-Liouville fractional operators, Stud. Univ. Babe¸s-Bolyai Math. 68(2023), No. 3, 481-487 DOI:
10.24193/subbmath.2023.3.02
39. Juan Gabriel Galeano Delgado, Juan E. Nápoles Valdés, Edgardo Pérez Reyes, Some inequalities of the Hermite-Hadamard
type for two kinds of convex functions, Revista Colombiana de Matemáticas, 57(2023), 43-55
40. Yusif S. Gasimov and Juan Eduardo Nápoles Valdés, Some refinements of Hermite–Hadamard inequality using k–
fractional Caputo derivatives, Fractional Differential Calculus, Volume 12, Number 2 (2022), 209–221 doi:10.7153/fdc-
2022-12-13
41. Paulo M. Guzmán, Juan E. Nápoles Valdes, Vuk Stojiljkovic, New inequalities of the Hermite-Hadamard type for two
types of convexity. Submited.
42. P. M. Guzmán, J. E. Nápoles V., Murat Cancan, Saeid Jafari, Some Integral Inequalities for Differentiable s-Convex and
(h,m)-Convex Functions Through Generalized Caputo-Type Derivatives, Power System Technology Journal, Volume 48
Issue 1 (March 2024), 1188-1201
43. Paulo M. Guzmán, Juan E. Nápoles V., Murat Cancan, Saeid Jafari. Hermite-Hadamard Inequalities for (h,m)-convex
Modified Functions of Second Type via Weighted Integral, Archives Des Sciences, Volume 74 , Issue 4, 2024. 16-22. DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62227/as/74403
44. Paulo M. Guzmán, Juan E. Nápoles Valdes, Vuk Stojiljkovic, New extensions of the Hermite-Hadamard inequality,
Contrib. Math. 7 (2023) 60-66 DOI: 10.47443/cm.2023.032
45. P. M. Guzmán, J. E. Nápoles V., Y. Gasimov, Integral inequalities within the framework of generalized fractional integrals,
Fractional Differential Calculus, Volume 11, Number 1 (2021), 69-84 doi:10.7153/fdc-2021-11-05
46. P. M. Guzmán, L. M. Lugo, J. E. Nápoles V., M. Vivas-Cortez, On a new generalized integral operator and certain operating
properties, Axioms 2020, 9, 69; doi:10.3390/axioms9020069
47. J. Hadamard, Étude sur les propriétés des fonctions entières et en particulier d’une fonction considerée par Riemann, J.
Math. Pures Appl. 58, 171-215 (1893).
48. G. H. Hardy, J. E. Littlewood, George Pólya, Inequalities, Cambridge University Press, 1952
49. Hermite, Sur deux limites d’une intégrale définie, Mathesis 3, 82 (1883).
50. Hezenci, H. Budak, H. Kara, New version of fractional Simpson type inequalities for twice differentiable functions, Adv.
Difference Equ., vol. 2021, Art. ID 460, 11 pages, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13662-021-03615-2
51. O. Hölder, Ueber einen Mittelwertsatz, Nachrichten von der Königl. Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften und der Georg-
Augusts-Universität zu Göttingen, Band (in German), 1889 (2): 38-47, JFM 21.0260.07
52. H. Hudzik, L. Maligranda, Some remarks on convex functions, Aequationes Math. 48 (1994), no. 1, 100-111
53. Jarad, T. Abdeljawad, T. Shah, ON THE WEIGHTED FRACTIONAL OPERATORS OF A FUNCTION WITH
RESPECT TO ANOTHER FUNCTION, Fractals, Vol. 28, No. 8 (2020) 2040011 (12 pages) DOI:
10.1142/S0218348X20400113
54. Jarad, E. Ugurlu, T. Abdeljawad, D. Baleanu, On a new class of fractional operators, Adv. Differ. Equ. 2017, 2017, 247.
55. M. Kadakal, I. Iscan, Exponential type convexity and some related inequalities, J Inequal Appl 2020, 82 (2020).
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13660-020-02349-1
56. S. I. Kalinin, (0,0)-Convex functions and their properties, Results of Science and Technology. Ser. Modern mat. and her
appl. Topic. review, 2017, 142, 81-87 (Russian)
57. S. I. Kalinin, (0,0)-CONVEX FUNCTIONS AND THEIR PROPERTIES, Journal of Mathematical Sciences, Vol. 241,
No. 6, September, 2019, 727-734
58. Artion Kashuri, Juan E. Nápoles Valdés, Muhammad Aamir Ali, Ghulam Muhayy Ud Din, New Integral Inequalities Using
Quasi-Convex Functions Via Generalized Integral Operators And Their Applications, Applied Mathematics E-Notes,
22(2022), 221-231

10
 Journal Title 2024, Voluem(Issue), x.

59. S. Kermausuor, E. R. Nwaeze, New Fractional Integral Inequalities via -Atangana–Baleanu Fractional Integral Operators,
Fractal and Fractional, 2023; 7(10):740. https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract7100740
60. T. U. Khan, M. A. Khan, Generalized conformable fractional integral operators, J. Comput. Appl. Math. 2019, 346, 378-
389.
61. P. Kórus, L. M. Lugo, J. E. Nápoles Valdés, Integral inequalities in a generalized context, Studia Scientiarum
Mathematicarum Hungarica 57 (3), 312-320 (2020)
62. P. Kórus, J. E. Nápoles Valdés, On some integral inequalities for (h, m)-convex functions in a generalized framework,
Carpathian Journal of Mathematics, Carpathian Math. Publ. 2023, 15 (1), 137-149 doi:10.15330/cmp.15.1.137-14
63. P. Kórus, J. E. Nápoles Valdés, Some Hermite–Hadamard inequalities involving weighted integral operators via -convex
functions, TWMS J. App. and Eng. Math. V.13, N.4, 2023, pp. 1461-1471
64. Peter Kórus, Juan Eduardo Nápoles Valdés and Bahtiyar Bayraktar, Weighted Hermite-Hadamard integral inequalities for
general convex functions, MBE, 20(11): 19929-19940. DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2023882
65. Péter Kórus, Juan E. Nápoles Valdés and María N. Quevedo Cubillos, Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities via weighted
integral operators, Proyecciones Journal of Mathematics, Vol. 42, No 6, pp. 1499-1519, December 2023 doi:
10.22199/issn.0717-6279-5497
66. L. M. Lugo, J. E. Nápoles Valdés, Hermite-Hadamard Type Inequalities with Generalized Integrals for various Kinds of
Convexity, submited.
67. S. Mehmood, J. E. Nápoles Valdés, N. Fatima, W. Aslam, Some integral inequalities via fractional derivatives, Adv.
Studies: Euro-Tbilisi Math. J. 15(3): 31-44 (September 2022). DOI: 10.32513/asetmj/19322008222
68. S. Mehmood, J. E. Nápoles Valdés, N. Fatima, B. Shahid, Some New Inequalities Using Conformable Fractional Integral
of Order , Journal of Mathematical Extension Vol. 15, SI-NTFCA, (2021) (33)1-22
https://doi.org/10.30495/JME.SI.2021.2184
69. V. G. Mihesan, A generalization of convexity, In: Proceedings of the Seminar on Functional Equations, Approximation
and Convexity. Cluj-Napoca. Romania (1993).
70. S. Mitrinovic and I. B. Lackovic, Hermite and convexity, Aequationes Mathematicae 28 (1985) 229-232
71. S. Mitrinovic, J. E. Pecaric, A. M. Fink, Classical and New Inequalities in Analysis, Kluwer Academic Publishers,
Dordrecht, 1993
72. P. O. Mohammed, Inequalities of Type Hermite-Hadamard for Fractional Integrals via Differentiable Convex Functions,
Turkish Journal of Analysis and Number Theory, 2016, Vol. 4, No. 5, 135-139 DOI:10.12691/tjant-4-5-3
73. S. Mubeen, G. M. Habibullah, k-fractional integrals and application, Int. J. Contemp. Math. Sciences, 7(2), 2012, 89-94.
74. J. E. Nápoles Valdés, A Generalized k-Proportional Fractional Integral Operators with General Kernel, submited.
75. J. E. Nápoles Valdés, Some integral inequalities in the framework of Generalized k-Proportional Fractional Integral
Operators with General Kernel, Honam Mathematical Journal, Honam Mathematical J. 43 (2021), No. 4, pp. 587-596
https://doi.org/10.5831/HMJ.2021.43.4.587
76. J. E. Nápoles Valdés, On the Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities involving generalized integrals, Contrib. Math. 5 (2022)
45-51 DOI: 10.47443/cm.2022.020
77. J. E. Nápoles Valdés, A Review of Hermite-Hadamard Inequality, Partners Universal International Research Journal
(PUIRJ), Volume: 01 Issue: 04 | October-December 2022, 98-101 DOI:10.5281/zenodo.7492608
78. J. E. Nápoles Valdés, Bahtiyar Bayraktar, On The Generalized Inequalities Of The Hermite-Hadamard Type, Filomat 35:14
(2021), 4917-4924 https://doi.org/10.2298/FIL2114917N
79. J. E. Nápoles and Bahtiyar Bayraktar, New extensions of Hermite-Hadamard inequality using -fractional Caputo
derivatives, Advanced Studies: Euro-Tbilisi Mathematical Journal 16(2) (2023), pp. 11-27. DOI:
10.32513/asetmj/193220082314
80. J. E. Nápoles Valdés, Bahtiyar Bayraktar, Saad Ihsan Butt, New integral inequalities of Hermite-Hadamard type in a
generalized context, Punjab University Journal of Mathematics (2021),53(11),765-777
https://doi.org/10.52280/pujm.2021.531101
81. J. E. Nápoles, B. Bayraktar, S. I. Butt, NEW GENERALIZED WEIGHTED FRACTIONAL VARIANTS OF HERMITE-
HADAMARD INEQUALITIES WITH APPLICATIONS, Siberian Electronic Mathematical Reports, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp.
684-701 (2024) https://doi.org/10.33048/semi.2024.21.047

11
 Journal Title 2024, Voluem(Issue), x.

82. J. E. Nápoles, P. M. Guzmán, B. Bayraktar, Milne-type integral inequalities for modified (h,m)-convex functions on fractal
sets, Probl. Anal. Issues Anal. Vol. 13(31), No 2, 2024 DOI: 10.15393/j3.art.2024.15450
83. Juan E. Nápoles Valdes, Florencia Rabossi, Generalized fractional operators and inequalities integrals, in Bipan Hazarika,
Santanu Acharjee, H. M. Srivastava (eds.), Advances in Mathematical Analysis and its Applications, Chapman and
Hall/CRC, New York, 2022 https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003330868
84. J. E. Nápoles Valdes, Florencia Rabossi, Hijaz Ahmad, Inequalities of the Hermite-Hadamard type, for functions (h,m)-
convex modified of the second type, Commun. Combin., Cryptogr. & Computer Sci., 1 (2021), 33-43
85. J. E. Nápoles Valdes, F. Rabossi, A. D. Samaniego, Convex functions: Ariadne’s thread or Charlotte’s Spiderweb?,
Advanced Mathematical Models & Applications Vol.5, No.2, 2020, pp.176-191
86. J. E. Nápoles Valdés, J. M. Rodrı́guez, J. M. Sigarreta, On Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities for non-conformable
integral operators, Symmetry 2019, 11, 1108.
87. C. T. Ng, Functions generating Schur-convex sums, In: Walter, W. (ed.) General Inequalities, S. Oberwolach, 1986, Int.
Ser. Numer. Math. vol. 80. Birkhäuser, Boston, 433-438 (1987)
88. M. A. Noor, K. I. Noor, M. U. Awan, Simpson-type inequalities for geometrically relative convex functions, Ukrainian
Math. J., 70 (7) (2018), 1145–1154.
89. M. E. Özdemir, A. O. Akdemri, E. Set, On (h,m)-convexity and Hadamard-type inequalities, Transylv. J. Math. Mech.
8(1), 51-58 (2016)
90. M. E. Özdemir, M. Avci, H. Kavurmaci, Hermite–Hadamard-type inequalities via (,m)-convexity, Computers and
Mathematics with Applications 61 (2011) 2614–2620
91. M. E. Özdemir, A. Ekinci, A. O. Akdemir, Generalizations of integral inequalities for functions whose second derivatives
are convex, and m-convex, Miskolc Mathematical Notes, Vol. 13 (2012), No. 2, pp. 441–457
92. M. E. Özdemir, M. Gürbüz, C. Yildiz, Inequalities for mapping whose second derivatives are Quasi-Convex or h-convex
functions, Miskolc Mathematical Notes, Vol. 15 (2014), No. 2, pp. 635–649
93. M. E. Özdemir, C. Yildiz, A. O. Akdemir, E. Set, On some inequalities for s-convex functions and applications, Journal
of Inequalities and Applications 2013, 2013:333 http://www.journalofinequalitiesandapplications.com/content/2013/1/333
94. J. Park, Generalization of Ostrowski-type inequalities for differentiable real (s,m)-convex mappings, Far East J. Math. Sci.,
49 (2011), 157-171.
95. J. Park, Hermite-Hadamard type and Simpson’s type inequalities for the decreasing (,m)-geometrically convex functions,
Applied Mathematical Sciences, 61–64, 3181–3195 (2014)
96. Edgardo Pérez Reyes, Juan E. Nápoles Valdés, and Bahtiyar Bayraktar, ON THE HERMITE-HADAMARD
INEQUALITY VIA GENERALIZED INTEGRALS, Turkish J. Ineq., 7 (1) (2023), Pages 1-11
97. E. PICARD (ed.), Oeuvres de Charles Hermite, I-4. Paris, 1905-1917.
98. M. R. Pinheiro, Exploring the concept of s-convexity, Aequationes Math. 74 (2007) 201-2090.
99. A. W. Robert, D. E. Varbeg, Convex Functions. Academic Press, New York (1973)
100. S. K. Sahoo, M. Tariq, H. Ahmad, A. A. Aly, B. F. Felemban, P. Thounthong, Some Hermite-Hadamard-Type
Fractional Integral Inequalities Involving Twice-Differentiable Mappings, Symmetry 2021, 13, 2209.
https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13112209
101. M. Z. Sarikaya, F. Ertugral, On the generalized Hermite-Hadamard inequalities, Annals of the University of
Craiova, Mathematics and Computer Science Series Volume 47(1), 2020, Pages 193-213
102. M. Sarikaya, M. Kiris, Some new inequalities of Hermite-Hadamard type for s-convex functions, Miskolc
Mathematical Notes, Vol. 16(2015), No. 1, pp. 491-201.
103. M. Z. Sarikaya, A. Saglam, H. Yildirim, New inequalities of Hermite-Hadamard type for functions whose second
derivatives absolute values are convex and quasi-convex, International Journal of Open Problems in Computer Science and
Mathematics 5(3) 2012 DOI: 10.12816/0006114
104. Set, A. Gözpinar, J. Choi, Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities for twice differentiable -convex functions via
conformable fractional integrals, Far East Journal of Mathematical Sciences (FJMS), Volume 101, Number 4, 2017, Pages
873-891 http://dx.doi.org/10.17654/MS101040873
105. Toader, Some generalizations of the convexity, Proceedings of the Colloquium on Approximation and
Optimization, University Cluj-Napoca, 1985, 329-338.

12
 Journal Title 2024, Voluem(Issue), x.

106. M. Tomar, E. Set, M. Zeki Sarıkaya, Hermite-Hadamard Type Riemann-Liouville Fractional Integral Inequalities
for Convex Functions, International Conference on Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences AIP Conf. Proc. 1726,
020035-1–020035-5 doi: 10.1063/1.4945861
107. Miguel Vivas-Cortez, Juan E. J. E. Nápoles Valdés, J. A. Guerrero, Some Hermite-Hadamard Weighted Integral
Inequalities for (h,m)-Convex Modified Functions, Appl. Math. Inf. Sci. 16, No. 1, 25-33 (2022)
http://dx.doi.org/10.18576/amis/160103
108. Miguel Vivas-Cortez, Juan E. J. E. Nápoles Valdés, Praveen Agarwal, Jorge Eliecer Hernández, Concerning the
Inequality of Hermite-Hadamard Generalized, Applied Mathematics & Information Sciences (17) 4 (Jul. 2023), 649-657
doi:10.18576/amis/170413
109. Miguel Vivas-Cortez, S. Kermausuor, J. E. J. E. Nápoles Valdés, Hermite-Hadamard Type Inequalities for
Coordinated Quasi-Convex Functions via Generalized Fractional Integrals, in P. Debnath et al. (eds.), Fixed Point Theory
and Fractional Calculus: Recent Advances and Applications, Forum for Interdisciplinary Mathematics, Springer Nature
Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0668-8_16
110. J. R. Wanga, X. Lia, M. Feckan, Y. Zhou, Hermite–Hadamard-type inequalities for Riemann–Liouville fractional
integrals via two kinds of convexity, Applicable Analysis 2012, 1–13, iFirst
111. B. Y. Xi, D.D. Gao, F. Qi, Integral inequalities of Hermite-Hadamard type for (,s)-convex and (,s,m)-convex
functions, ITALIAN JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS N.44-2020 (499-510)
112. B. Y. Xi, F. Qi, Inequalities of Hermite-Hadamard type for extended s-convex functions and applications to means,
J. Nonlinear Convex. Anal. 16 (2015), no. 5, 873-890.
113. X. You, F. Hezenci, H. Budak and H. Kara, New Simpson type inequalities for twice differentiable functions via
generalized fractional integrals, AIMS Mathematics, 7(3), 2021, 3959–3971, DOI:10.3934/math.2022218

13