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CSC3530: Software Technology: Introduction To The Internet

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27 views14 pages

CSC3530: Software Technology: Introduction To The Internet

Uploaded by

simon wong
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CSC3530: Software Technology

Introduction to the Internet

Dickson K.W. Chiu


Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering
Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HK

1
What is a network
◼ Network
◼ 2 or more intelligent devices (usually) linked in order to
exchange information and share resources
◼ Networks can interconnect with other networks
(internetworks) and contain subnetworks (or subnets)
◼ Node – A device on a network (e.g., PC, mainframe,
PDA, etc.)
◼ Hosts – General-purposed nodes providing resources
(e.g., mainframe)
◼ Servers – Special-purposed nodes providing specific
functions (e.g., file servers, print servers,
communications servers
◼ Clients – Nodes connected to servers for services
through a network
Dickson Chiu CSC3530 01-2
Different Kinds of Networks

◼ Local Area Network (LAN) – A data communication system


allowing a number of independent devices to communicate
directly with each other within a moderately sized
geographic area over a physical communication channel of
moderate data rates (from IEEE)
◼ Wide Area Network (WAN) - that spans multiple cities,
countries, or continents (e.g., with telecommunications)
◼ Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) - that spans a single city
◼ Global Area Network (GAN) - that spans the whole world,
the Internet itself
Can you go beyond all these? What would you call it?

Dickson Chiu CSC3530 01-3


Some Basic Terms
◼ Protocol
◼ Formal description of a set of rules, conventions,
and procedures that govern how devices on a
network exchange information
◼ Syntax, semantics, timing
◼ internet
◼ An internetwork, with a small “i”
◼ TCP/IP was the first set of protocols developed for
use in an internet
◼ It has since evolved into the de facto standard for
internetworking

Dickson Chiu CSC3530 01-4


The Internet
◼ An internetwork with a big “I”
◼ The Internet is a global network of connected
computer networks
◼ The Internet is a global network of networks
enabling computers of all kinds to directly and
transparently communicate and share services
throughout much of the world (The official
definition)
◼ The Internet, sometimes called simply “the Net”, is
a worldwide system of computer networks – a
network of networks in which users at any one
computer can, if they have permission, get
information from any other computer (whatis.com)

Dickson Chiu CSC3530 01-5


Intranet and Extranet

Dickson Chiu CSC3530 01-6


OSI Reference Model
◼ Open System Connect “OSI”
◼ From International
Organization of Standards
(ISO)
◼ Reference model to guide the
development of standards,
products and their
interoperations
◼ 7 Layers – each with related
functions

Dickson Chiu CSC3530 01-7


OSI 7 Layer Model
1. Physical Layer
◼ Transmission of raw bit over a communications channel
◼ Electrical and mechanical aspects of media and interface
◼ Setup, maintain, disconnect physical link
2. Data Link Layer
◼ Handle unreliable transmission – error detection, correction
recovery
◼ Breaking bit-streams into frames
◼ Line control procedures (e.g., flow control)
3. Network Layer
◼ Routing – path from source node to destination
◼ Congestion control
4. Transport Layer
◼ Provide reliable host-to-host communications
◼ Sequence control (prevent packet loss / duplication)
Dickson Chiu CSC3530 01-8
OSI 7 Layer Model
5. Session Layer
◼ Setting up and managing process-to-process
connection (e.g. authentication
◼ Synchronization and recovery
6. Presentation Layer
◼ Data encoding, compression and encryption
◼ Code conversion
◼ Display / print control
◼ Message / file formats
7. Application Layer
◼ Application dependant
◼ Industrial wide standard, e.g. airline, banking

Dickson Chiu CSC3530 01-9


Internet and OSI Reference Model

The
Web

Focus of this course


Dickson Chiu CSC3530 01-10
Internet and WWW
◼ (The) Internet  (the) World Wide Web
◼ Referring to the previous picture, the Internet
is made up of the first four to five layers
◼ The Web is only one of many applications
that the Internet supports

Dickson Chiu CSC3530 01-11


Brief History of Internet
◼ 1957 - US forms the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)
within the Department of Defense (DoD)
◼ 1969 - The ARPANET commissioned by DoD for research into
networking (4-node prototype)
◼ 1970 - ALOHAnet, first packet radio (wireless) network,
developed by the University of Hawaii, becomes operational
(basis of Ethernet)
◼ 1971 - 15-node ARPANET running, email program
◼ 1972 - Chat, Telnet specified
◼ 1973 – 1st international connection to ARPANET, Ethernet, FTP
◼ 1974 - Cerf and Kahn publish detailed design of TCP
◼ 1976 - UUCP (Unix-to-Unix CoPy)
◼ 1978 - TCP splits into TCP and IP
◼ 1979 - Usenet on UUCP

Dickson Chiu CSC3530 01-12


History (cont’d)
◼ 1981 - BITNET (Because It’s Time NETwork), CSNET (Computer
Science NETwork)
◼ 1982 - ARPANET uses TCP/IP as the protocol suite, “Internet”
defined as connected TCP/IP internets
◼ 1983 - Desktop workstations running Berkeley UNIX with IP
software
◼ 1984 - Domain Name System (DNS) introduced
◼ 1985 -“symbolic.com” becomes the first registered domain
◼ 1986 - Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) designed to
enhance Usenet news performance over TCP/IP
◼ 1988 - Internet worm burrows through the Net, affection some
6,000 hosts
◼ 1990 - ARPANET decommissioned, “world.std.com” becomes the
world’s first ISP

Dickson Chiu CSC3530 01-13


History (cont’d)
◼ 1991 - World Wide Web (WWW), developed by Tim Berners-Lee
(CERN), PGP, Hong Kong connected to NSFNET
◼ 1993 - Internet Talk Radio, Mosaic (Web browser)
◼ 1994 - Shopping malls, cyberbank, China connects to NSFNET
◼ 1995 - Java, RealAudio, Domain name registration for a fee
◼ 1996 - Internet phone threats voice phone

See also => A brief history of the Internet

Dickson Chiu CSC3530 01-14

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