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Main Exam 2023

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55 views3 pages

Main Exam 2023

Uploaded by

nzamamelokuhle063
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Fundamentals IB Main Examination 2023

Question One (20)


Industries must treat any wastewater before discharging into the environment as per stringent
environmental legislation.
A wastewater stream from a plant contains 12 wt% chromium, Cr. The wastewater stream is
fed to an onsite treatment unit. Two streams leave the treatment unit. The first stream leaving
the treatment unit contains 90 wt% of the chromium fed to the treatment unit and is sent back
to the main plant for re-use. The second stream is sent to a waste lagoon. The treatment unit
has a maximum capacity of 4500 kg/h of wastewater. Any wastewater flow to the treatment
unit above 4500 kg/h bypasses the treatment unit and joins the second stream exiting the
treatment unit before it is sent to the waste lagoon. Assume the wastewater leaves the plant at
a rate of 6000kg/h.
a) Draw and label a flowchart for the process. (10)
b) Determine the flowrate of the liquid to the waste lagoon and the mass fraction of
chromium in this liquid. (10)

Question Two (15)


A mixture of 75 mole% methane and 25 mole% hydrogen is burned with 25% excess air in a
furnace. Fractional conversions of 90% of the methane and 85% of the hydrogen are
achieved. The reactions are as follows:
CH4 + O2 → CO2 + H2O
CH4 + O2 → CO + H2O
H2 + O2 → H2O

CO2 has a 95% selectivity over CO ie. 95% of the methane that reacts forms CO2 and the
balance forms CO. Determine the composition of the flue gas.
Note: Check if equations are balanced.

Question Three (15)


The reaction between ethylene and hydrogen bromide to form ethyl bromide is carried out in
a continuous reactor. The product stream contains 51.7 mol% C2H5Br and 17.3 mol% HBr.
The feed to the reactor contains only ethylene and hydrogen bromide. Calculate the fractional
conversion of the limiting reactant and the percentage by which the other reactant is in
excess.
Determine the extent of the reaction if the molar flow rate of the feed is 165 mol/s.
C2H4 + HBr → C2H5Br

1
Fundamentals IB Main Examination 2023

Question Four (20)


n-Butane is converted to isobutane in a reactor that operates isothermally at 149 oC. The feed
contains 93mol% n-butane, 5mol% isobutane and 2mol% HCl at 149 0C. A 40% conversion
of n-butane is achieved.
n C4 H10 (g ) → i C4 H10 (g)

a) Taking a basis of 1 mol of feed gas, calculate the moles of each component of the feed
and product mixtures and the extent of reaction, (mol). (5)
b) Calculate the standard heat of the isomerization reaction (kJ/mol). Then, taking the
feed and product species at 250C as references, prepare an inlet–outlet enthalpy table
and calculate and fill in the component amounts (mol) and specific enthalpies
(kJ/mol). (8)
c) Calculate the required rate of heat transfer (kJ) to or from the reactor (state which it
is). Then determine the required heat transfer rate (kW) for a reactor feed of 325
mol/h. (4)
d) Use your calculated results to determine the heat of the isomerization reaction(kJ).(3)

Data: n C4 H10 (g ) i C4 H10 (g)


Δ H 0f -124.7 kJ/mol -134.5 kJ/mol
Cp 0.1152 kJ/mol0C 0.1140 kJ/mol0C

Question Five (30)


A liquid feed consisting of 44 mass% benzene and 56 mass% toluene enters a distillation
column at 22 0C with a flowrate of 130kg/s.. The liquid product from the top of the column
contains 94 % benzene, while the bottoms contain 4% benzene. The total condenser uses
water that enters at 21 0C and leaves at 64 0C, while the reboiler uses saturated steam at 133.5
0
C. The vapour from the top of the column enters the condenser at 84 0C and leaves as a
liquid at 42 0C. The reflux ratio is 7:1. The liquid leaving the bottom of the column enters a
reboiler where it is partially vapourised. The vapour is returned to the column and the
residual liquid which is at 135 0C, constitutes the bottoms product.
a) Calculate the flow rates of the distillate and bottoms product (6)
b) Calculate the condenser cooling requirement, Qc (kJ/s) (10)
c) Determine the reboiler heating requirement, QR (kJ/s) (8)
d) Determine the amount of cooling water (kg/s) required for the condenser. (2)
e) Determine the amount of saturated steam required in the reboiler. Assume that all the
steam only gives off its latent heat. (4)

2
Fundamentals IB Main Examination 2023

Specific Heat Capacities (kJ/kg.0C):


Benzene (liquid): 1.42
Benzene (vapour): 1.23 + 6.2 × 10-3T
Toluene (liquid): 1.29
Toluene (vapour): 0.93 + 4.26 × 10-3T
Water: 4.18
Tref = 0 0C

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