Method of Virtual Work

Frame Deflection Example

Steven Vukazich
San Jose State University
 Frame Deflection Example
19 k
C 6k

B E
A

D 4 ft
𝜃" #
8 ft 8 ft 8 ft

The statically determinate frame from our previous internal force

diagram example is made up of columns that are W8x48 (I = 184 in4)
members and a beam that is a W10x22 (I = 118 in4). The modulus of
elasticity of structural steel is 29,000 ksi, which yields the following
bending stiffnesses:

• EIABC = 5,336,000 k-in2

• EIBDE = 3,422,000 k-in2

For the loads shown, find the following:

The horizontal deflection at point C;

 Frame Deflection Example
𝛿" The statically determinate frame from our
1k previous internal force diagram example is
C made up of columns that are W8x48 (I =
184 in4) members and a beam that is a
8 ft W10x22 (I = 118 in4). The modulus of
elasticity of structural steel is 29,000 ksi,
D which yields the following bending
stiffenesses:
B E
8k
10 ft • EIABC = 5,336,000 k-in2
• EIBDE = 3,422,000 k-in2
A
𝜃%
For the loads shown, find the following:

1. The horizontal deflection at point C;

2. The slope at the pin support at A.
5 ft 6 ft
 Find the Horizontal Deflection at Point C
1 C
Virtual system to measure 𝛿"
8 ft

D
B E
10 ft

5 ft 6 ft
 Find Support Reactions for the Virtual System

1 C

8 ft

D
B E
10 ft Ey
+ & 𝑀% = 0 Ey = 1.6364
Ax A
+
& 𝐹- = 0 Ax = – 1
Ay

5 ft 6 ft + & 𝐹. = 0 Ay = – 1.6364
Support Reactions for the Virtual System

1 C

8 ft

D
B E
1.6364
10 ft

1 A

1.6364

5 ft 6 ft
 Choose Sign Convention for Internal moment

For horizontal member BDE

+

For vertical member ABC

+
Moment Diagram for the Virtual System

C
0
18 ft
8 ft – 8 ft

10 ft 0
B D E

10 ft

A
0

5 ft 6 ft
 Support Reactions for the Real System

Results from our previous module:

1k
C

8 ft
2k
D
B E
8k
10 ft

A 1k

6k

5 ft 6 ft
 Moment Diagram for the Real System

Results from our previous module:

C
0
18 k-ft
8 ft – 8 k-ft

10 k-ft D 0
B E
– 12 k-ft
10 ft

A
0

5 ft 6 ft
 Evaluate the Virtual Work Product Integrals

0
C MQ 0
C MP
18 ft 18 – 1.636x = 13.091 ft 18 k-ft
8 ft 8 ft – 8 k-ft
– 8 ft
10 ft 0 10 k-ft D 0
B D E B E
– 12 k-ft
10 ft X 10 ft x
X
A A
0 0

5 ft 6 ft 5 ft 6 ft
18 12 90 = 30𝑥
5 =
EIABC = 5,336,000 k-in2 1 𝑥 5−𝑥
1 ⋅ 𝛿" = 3 𝑀 𝑀 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 = 3 ft
EIBDE = 3,422,000 k-in2 𝐸𝐼 6 4 7
Use Table to evaluate
product integrals
 Table to Evaluate Virtual Work Product Integrals
Appendix Table.2

Table is as useful tool

to evaluate product
AB and BC BX
integrals of the form:
5
3 𝑀4 𝑀7 𝑑𝑥
6

XDE
 Evaluate Product Integrals

B
L L
3 ft X X 8 ft D
M2 M1 C
2 ft
18 ft 13.091 ft 6 ft
MQ 13.091 ft
M1 0
18 k-ft d c
M3
MP 0 0 0

– 12 k-ft
1
𝑀 + 2𝑀H 𝑀E 𝐿 M3
6 D
1
1 𝑀 𝑀 𝐿+𝑐
13.091 + 2 18 18 3 6 D E
6
1
13.091 −12 8 + 6
6
441.819 k-ft3
– 366.548 k-ft3
 Evaluate Product Integrals

MQ MP
1
0 0 𝑀𝑀 𝐿
C 3 D E
1
−8 −8 8
8 ft L 3

170.667 k-ft3
B
– 8 ft – 8 k-ft
M1 M3

M1 M3
B 10 ft 10 k-ft 1
𝑀𝑀 𝐿
3 D E
1
10 10 10
10 ft L 3

A 333.333 k-ft3
0 0
 Evaluate Product Integrals

1 5
1 ⋅ 𝛿" = 3 𝑀 𝑀 𝑑𝑥
𝐸𝐼 6 4 7

Segment BX

441.819 k-ft3 5KRS

12E in3
3 𝑀4 𝑀7 𝑑𝑥 = 441.819 k−ft 3 − 366.548 k−ft 3
Segment XDE 6 ft 3
= 130,068.3 k−in3
– 366.548 k-ft3
Segment AB

333.333 k-ft3 5JKL

12E in3
3 𝑀4 𝑀7 𝑑𝑥 = 333.333 + 170.667 k−ft 3
6 ft 3
Segment BC
= 870,912 k−in3
170.667 k-ft3
 Evaluate Product Integrals

5JKL
12E in3
3 𝑀4 𝑀7 𝑑𝑥 = 333.333 + 170.667 k−ft 3 = 870,912 k−in3
6 ft 3

5KRS
12E in3
3 𝑀4 𝑀7 𝑑𝑥 = 441.819 k−ft 3 − 366.548 k−ft 3 = 130,068.3 k−in3
6 ft 3

5JKL 5KRS
1 1
1 ⋅ 𝛿" = 3 𝑀4 𝑀7 𝑑𝑥 + 3 𝑀4 𝑀7 𝑑𝑥
𝐸𝐼%U" 6 𝐸𝐼"VW 6

870,912 k−in3 130,068.3 k−in3

𝛿" = +
5,336,000 k−in 2 3,422,000 k−in2

𝛿" = 0.163 in + 0.0380 in = 0.201 in Positive result, so

deflection is in the same
direction as the virtual
𝛿" = 0.201 inches to the right unit load
 Find the the Rotation at Point A

C
Virtual system to measure 𝜃%
8 ft

D
B E
10 ft

A 1

5 ft 6 ft
 Find Support Reactions for the Virtual System

8 ft

D
B E
10 ft Ey
+ & 𝑀% = 0 Ey = – 0.09091
Ax
A 1
+
& 𝐹- = 0 Ax = 0
Ay

5 ft 6 ft + & 𝐹. = 0 Ay = 0.09091
Support Reactions for the Virtual System

8 ft
0.09091
D
B E
10 ft
A
1

0.09091

5 ft 6 ft
Moment Diagram for the Virtual System
0
C

8 ft –1

B D 0
E
–1
10 ft

A
–1

5 ft 6 ft
 Moment Diagram for the Real System

Results from our previous module:

C
0
18 k-ft
8 ft – 8 k-ft

10 k-ft D 0
B E
– 12 k-ft
10 ft

A
0

5 ft 6 ft
 Evaluate the Virtual Work Product Integrals

0 MQ C MP
0
C
– 1 + 0.09091(3) = – 0.7273 18 k-ft
8 ft 8 ft – 8 k-ft
–1
B 0 10 k-ft D 0
E B E
–1 D
– 12 k-ft
10 ft X 10 ft 3 ft
X
3 ft A
A
0
–1

5 ft 6 ft 5 ft 6 ft

EIABC = 5,336,000 k-in2 1 5

1 ⋅ 𝛿" = 3 𝑀 𝑀 𝑑𝑥
EIBDE = 3,422,000 k-in2 𝐸𝐼 6 4 7
Use Table to evaluate
product integrals
 Table to Evaluate Virtual Work Product Integrals
Appendix Table.2

Table is as useful tool

to evaluate product
AB BX
integrals of the form:
5
3 𝑀4 𝑀7 𝑑𝑥
6

XDE
 Evaluate Product Integrals

B
L L
3 ft X X 8 ft D
2 ft C 6 ft
0
MQ M2 M1 M1
–1 – 0.7273 – 0.7273
18 k-ft d c
M3
MP 0 0 0

M3 – 12 k-ft
1
𝑀 + 2𝑀H 𝑀E 𝐿
6 D
1
1 𝑀 𝑀 𝐿+𝑐
−0.7273 + 2 −1 18 3 6 D E
6
1
−0.7273 −12 8 + 6
6
– 24.54545 k-ft2
20.36364 k-ft2
 Evaluate Product Integrals

MQ MP
C 0 0

8 ft 0

B
0 – 8 k-ft

M1 M3
B – 1 10 k-ft 1
𝑀𝑀 𝐿
2 D E
1
−1 10 10
10 ft L 2

A – 50.0 k-ft2
–1 0
 Evaluate Product Integrals

1 5
1 ⋅ 𝛿" = 3 𝑀 𝑀 𝑑𝑥
𝐸𝐼 6 4 7

Segment BX

– 24.54545 k-ft2
Segment XDE 5KRS
12H in2
3 𝑀4 𝑀7 𝑑𝑥 = −24.54545 + 20.36364 k−ft 2
20.36364 k-ft2 6 ft 2
= −602.1818 k−in2
Segment AB

– 50.0 k-ft2 5JKL

12H in2
3 𝑀4 𝑀7 𝑑𝑥 = −50 + 0 k−ft 2
Segment BC 6 ft 2
= −7,200 k−in2
0
 Evaluate Product Integrals
5KRS
12H in2
3 𝑀4 𝑀7 𝑑𝑥 = −24.54545 + 20.36364 k−ft 2 = −602.1818 k−in2
6 ft 2

5JKL
12H in2
3 𝑀4 𝑀7 𝑑𝑥 = −50 + 0 k−ft 2 = −7,200 k−in2
6 ft 2

5JKL 5KRS
1 1
1 ⋅ 𝜃% = 3 𝑀4 𝑀7 𝑑𝑥 + 3 𝑀4 𝑀7 𝑑𝑥
𝐸𝐼%U" 6 𝐸𝐼UVW 6

−7,200 k−in2 −602.1818 k−in2

𝜃% = +
5,336,000 k−in 2 3,422,000 k−in2

𝜃% = −0.001349 rad − 0.0001760 rad = − 0.00152 rad

𝜃% = 0.00152 radians clockwise Negative result, so

rotation is in the
opposite direction of the
virtual unit moment
 Frame Deflection Example Results
0.201 in
1k
C

8 ft

D
B E
8k
10 ft

A
0.00152 rad

5 ft 6 ft