2-3 2-3

Deductive Reasoning
1. Plan
Objectives
1 To use the Law of Detachment
What You’ll Learn Check Skills You’ll Need GO for Help Lesson 2-1
• To use the Law of Write the converse of each statement. 1–2. See back of book.
2 To use the Law of Syllogism Detachment
Examples 1. If you don’t sleep enough, then your grades suffer.
• To use the Law of Syllogism
1 Real-World Connection 2. If you want to arrive on time, then you must start early.
2 Using the Law of Detachment . . . And Why
Write each statement as a conditional.
3 Real-World Connection To use deductive reasoning to
4 Using the Law of Syllogism conclude that the Nile River is 3. Leap years have 366 days. If a year is a leap year, then it has 366 days.
the longest river in the world,
5 Real-World Connection 4. Students who do not complete their homework will have lower grades.
as in Example 5 4–5. See back
5. Two lines that are perpendicular meet to form right angles. of book.
6. Every sixteen-year-old is a teenager.
If a person is 16 years old, then that person is a teenager.
Math Background
New Vocabulary • deductive reasoning • Law of Detachment
Deductive reasoning is a process • Law of Syllogism
of reasoning logically from given
facts to a conclusion. The Law of
Detachment is found in almost
every line of two-column proofs, 1 Using the Law of Detachment
where q is the “conclusion” and
p S q is the “justification” for q.
In Chapter 1 you learned that inductive reasoning is based on observing what has
It is p, the given, that is sometimes
happened and then making a conjecture about what will happen. In this lesson, you
lost when thinking about each line.
will study deductive reasoning.
More Math Background: p. 78C Deductive reasoning (or logical reasoning) is the process of reasoning logically
from given statements to a conclusion. If the given statements are true, deductive
reasoning produces a true conclusion.
Lesson Planning and Many people use deductive reasoning in their jobs. A physician diagnosing a
Resources patient’s illness uses deductive reasoning. A carpenter uses deductive reasoning to
determine what materials are needed at a work site.
See p. 78E for a list of the Real-World Connection
resources that support this lesson.
Careers An auto mechanic
uses deductive reasoning as in
1 EXAMPLE Real-World Connection
PowerPoint Example 1.
Auto Maintenance An auto mechanic knows that if a car has a dead battery, the
Bell Ringer Practice car will not start. A mechanic begins work on a car and finds the battery is dead.
What conclusion can she make?
Check Skills You’ll Need
The mechanic can conclude that the car will not start.
For intervention, direct students to:
Conditional Statements Quick Check 1 Critical Thinking Suppose that a mechanic begins work on a car and finds that
Lesson 2-1: Example 2 the car will not start. Can the mechanic conclude that the car has a dead battery?
Extra Skills, Word Problems, Proof Explain. No, there could be other things wrong
Practice, Ch. 2 with the car, such as a faulty starter.

Converses In Example 1 the mechanic is using a law of deductive reasoning called the
Lesson 2-1: Example 5 Law of Detachment.
Extra Skills, Word Problems, Proof
Practice, Ch. 2

94 Chapter 2 Reasoning and Proof

Special Needs L1 Below Level L2

Show students that two distinct criteria must be met The wordiness of Examples 4 and 5 is typical of
in the Law of Detachment (the hypothesis and complex arguments. Show students how to substitute
conditional statement must be true) and in the Law of letters for hypotheses and conclusions, as in the
Syllogism (both statements must be true). properties.

94 learning style: verbal learning style: visual

 Key Concepts Property Law of Detachment 2. Teach
If a conditional is true and its hypothesis is true, then its conclusion is true.

Vocabulary Tip In symbolic form: Guided Instruction

If p S q is a true statement and p is true, then q is true.
You can read p S q
as “p implies q.”
2 EXAMPLE Teaching Tip
2 EXAMPLE Using the Law of Detachment Discuss the use of the word Given
before the two statements. Point
For the given true statements, what can you conclude? out that in mathematics, the
Given: If M is the midpoint of a segment, then it divides the segment into statements following Given are
two congruent segments. considered true. Ask: What do
M is the midpoint of AB. you call statements that are
assumed to be true without
You are given that a conditional and its hypothesis are true. By the Law of proof? axioms, postulates
Detachment, you can conclude that M divides AB into two congruent segments,
or AM > MB. Connection
3 EXAMPLE
to Logic
Quick Check 2 If a baseball player is a pitcher, then that player should not pitch a complete game
two days in a row. Vladimir Nuñez is a pitcher. On Monday, he pitches a complete The error illustrated is sometimes
game. What can you conclude? Answers may vary. Sample: Vladimir Nuñez called the fallacy of the converse.
should not pitch a complete game on Tuesday. Explain that a fallacy is an error in
logical thinking. Ask: Why is this
3 EXAMPLE Real-World Connection error a “fallacy of the converse”?
The fallacy is concluding that the
Does the following argument illustrate the Law of Detachment? converse is true because the
Given: If it is snowing, then the temperature is less than or equal to 328F. conditional is true.
The temperature is 208F.
PowerPoint
You conclude: It must be snowing.
You are given that a conditional and its conclusion are true. Additional Examples
You cannot apply the Law of Detachment and conclude that the hypothesis is true.
1 A gardener knows that if it
You cannot come to any conclusion about whether it is snowing from the
information given. rains, the garden will be watered.
It is raining. What conclusion can
Quick Check 3 If possible, use the Law of Detachment to draw a conclusion. If it is not possible to he make? The garden will be
use this law, explain why. watered.

Given: If a road is icy, then driving conditions are hazardous. 2 For the given statements,
Driving conditions are hazardous. what can you conclude?
Not possible: you do not know that the hypothesis is true. Given: If &A is acute, m&A  90.
&A is acute. mlA R 90
2
1 Using the Law of Syllogism 3 Does the following argument
illustrate the Law of Detachment?
Another law of deductive reasoning is the Law of Syllogism. The Law of Syllogism Given: If you make a field goal in
allows you to state a conclusion from two true conditional statements when the basketball, you score two points.
conclusion of one statement is the hypothesis of the other statement. Jenna scored two points in
basketball.
You conclude: Jenna made a field
Key Concepts Property Law of Syllogism
goal. no
If p S q and q S r are true statements, then p S r is a true statement.

Lesson 2-3 Deductive Reasoning 95

Advanced Learners L4 English Language Learners ELL

Use Example 3 as a springboard for students to The Law of Syllogism uses many words to explain a
research other logical fallacies. complex relationship. Discuss how the symbolic form
summarizes it clearly and succinctly. Have students
explain how the two forms are related.

learning style: verbal learning style: verbal 95

Guided Instruction
4 EXAMPLE Using the Law of Syllogism

5 EXAMPLE Auditory Learners Algebra Use the Law of Syllogism to draw a conclusion from the following
Vocabulary Tip
true statements.
Many students are not familiar 2 is a repeated factor of If a number is prime, then it does not have repeated factors.
with written logical arguments, 12 because it appears
more than once in the If a number does not have repeated factors, then it is not a perfect square.
although they hear and speak
prime factorization of 12.
them. Students will benefit from You have two true conditionals where the conclusion of one is the hypothesis of
12 = 2 ? 2 ? 3 the other. You can use the Law of Syllogism to draw the following conclusion:
your reading the example aloud.
Then have them reproduce the If a number is prime, then it is not a perfect square.
argument verbally before reading
the example for themselves. Quick Check 4 If possible, state a conclusion using the Law of Syllogism. If it is not possible to use
this law, explain why.
Careers a. If a number ends in 0, then it is divisible by 10. If a number ends in 0,
Trial lawyers must present logical If a number is divisible by 10, then it is divisible by 5. then it is divisible by 5.
arguments to win their cases. b. If a number ends in 6, then it is divisible by 2.
If a number ends in 4, then it is divisible by 2.
PowerPoint
Not possible; the conclusion of one statement
is not the hypothesis of the other statement.
Additional Examples You can use both the Law of Detachment and the Law of Syllogism to
draw conclusions.
4 Use the Law of Syllogism
to draw a conclusion from the
following true statements: 5 EXAMPLE Real-World Connection
If a quadrilateral is a square, then Geography Use the Law of Detachment and the Law of Syllogism to draw
it contains four right angles. conclusions from the following true statements.
If a quadrilateral contains four
right angles, then it is a rectangle. If a river is more than 4000 mi long, then it is longer than the Amazon.
If a quadrilateral is a square, then If a river is longer than the Amazon, then it is the longest river in the world.
Nile River The Nile is 4132 mi long.
it is a rectangle.
You can use the first two statements and the Law of Syllogism to conclude:
5 Use the Laws of Detachment
If a river is more than 4000 mi long, then it is the longest river in the world.
and Syllogism to draw a possible
conclusion. Real-World Connection With this, the fact that the Nile is 4132 mi long, and the Law of Detachment,
Over 99% of Egypt’s people you can also conclude:
If the circus is in town, then there
live close to the Nile River. The Nile is the longest river in the world.
are tents at the fairground.
If there are tents at the fairground,
then Paul is working as a night
Quick Check 5 Use the Law of Detachment and the Law of Syllogism to draw conclusions.
watchman. The Volga River is in Europe.
The circus is in town. Paul is If a river is less than 2300 mi long, it is not one of the world’s ten longest rivers.
working as a night watchman. If a river is in Europe, then it is less than 2300 mi long.
The Volga River is less than 2300 miles long.
The Volga River is not one of the world’s ten longest rivers.
Resources
• Daily Notetaking Guide 2-3 L3
• Daily Notetaking Guide 3-3— EXERCISES For more exercises, see Extra Skill, Word Problem, and Proof Practice.
Adapted Instruction L1 Practice and Problem Solving

A Practice by Example Use the Law of Detachment to draw a conclusion.

Closure Examples 1 and 2 1. If a student gets an A on a final exam, then the student will pass the course.
(pages 94, 95) Felicia gets an A on the music theory final exam. Felicia will pass the music
Use either law from this lesson to theory course.
draw a conclusion from the two GO for
Help
2. If a student wants to go to college, then the student must study hard.
statements. Explain which law Rashid wants to go to the University of North Carolina.
you used. Rashid must study hard.
If it rains, then Jan stays inside.
If Jan stays inside, then she does 96 Chapter 2 Reasoning and Proof
not get wet.
The Law of Syllogism lets you 14–15. Answers may vary. Alaska’s Mt. McKinley is Levon lives in the 28th
conclude: If it rains, then Jan Samples are given. the highest in the United state to enter the Union.
does not get wet. States.
14. If an Alaskan mountain 16. Must be true; by (E) and
is over 20,300 ft high, 15. If you live in Lubbock, (A), it is breakfast time.
then it is the highest in then you live in the 28th Then by (D), Julio drinks
the United States. state to enter the Union. juice.
96
 3. If two lines are parallel, then they do not intersect.
Line / is parallel to line m. Line < and line m do not intersect. 3. Practice
4. If there is lightning, then it is not safe to be out in the open.
Marla sees lightning from the soccer field. It is not safe for Marla to be out Assignment Guide
in the open.
Example 3 If possible, use the Law of Detachment to draw a conclusion. If not possible, write
1 A B 1-9, 22-26
(page 95) not possible.
2 A B 10-21, 27-32
5. If a figure is a rectangle, then it has two pairs of parallel sides.
C Challenge 33
Figure ABCD is a rectangle. Figure ABCD has two pairs of parallel sides.
x 2 6. Algebra If n is a prime number greater than 2, then n2 is an odd number. Test Prep 34-37
92 is an odd number. not possible Mixed Review 38-44
7. If three points are on the same line, then they are collinear.
Points X, Y, and Z are on line m. Points X, Y, and Z are collinear.
Homework Quick Check
To check students’ understanding
8. If an angle is obtuse, then it is not acute. of key skills and concepts, go over
&XYZ is not obtuse. not possible Exercises 4, 14, 26, 28, 32.
Real-World Connection
9. If you are a Golden Gopher, you’ve attended the University of Minnesota. Error Prevention!
Hockey wing Nadine Muzerall
(See photo.) Nadine Muzerall attended the University of Minnesota.
is a Golden Gopher (Exercise 9).
Exercise 6 Discuss why the Law
Example 4 Use the Law of Syllogism to draw a conclusion. 10–13. See left. of Detachment does not apply
(page 96) to Exercise 6. Ask students to
10. Zoology If an animal is a red wolf, then its scientific name is Canis rufus.
10. If an animal is a red wolf, state why a conclusion would
If an animal is named Canis rufus, then it is endangered. not make sense and to provide
then it is endangered.
11. If two planes are not 11. If two planes intersect, then they intersect in a line. counterexamples.
parallel, then they If two planes are not parallel, then they intersect.
intersect in a line. Exercise 8 Because this exercise
12. If you read a good book, 12. If you read a good book, then you enjoy yourself. shows a fallacy not seen before
then your time is well If you enjoy yourself, then your time is well spent. in this lesson, students may think
spent. it shows valid reasoning. Discuss
13. If you are studying 13. If you are studying biology, then you are studying a science.
botany, then you are If you are studying botany, then you are studying biology. counterexamples.
studying a science.
Example 5 Geography Use the Law of Detachment and the Law of Syllogism to draw Alternative Method
(page 96) conclusions from the following statements. 14–15. See margin p. 96. Exercises 10–13 Have students
write each statement symbolically
14. If a mountain is the highest in Alaska, then it is the highest in the United States.
after defining which statements
If an Alaskan mountain is over 20,300 ft high, then it is the highest in Alaska.
the letters p, q, and r represent.
Alaska’s Mount McKinley is 20,320 ft high.
Then have them write each
15. If you live in Lubbock, then you live in Texas. conclusion p S r in words.
Levon lives in Lubbock.
If you live in Texas, then you live in the 28th state to enter the Union.

B Apply Your Skills For Exercises 16–21, assume that the following statements are true. GPS Guided Problem Solving L3

A. If Maria drinks juice, then it is breakfast time. Enrichment L4

B. If it is lunchtime, then Kira drinks milk and nothing else. Reteaching L2
C. If it is mealtime, then Curtis drinks water and nothing else. Adapted Practice L1
D. If it is breakfast time, then Julio drinks juice and nothing else. Practice Name Class Date L3
E. Maria drinks juice. Practice 2-3 Deductive Reasoning

Use the Law of Detachment to draw a conclusion.

Use only the information given above. For each statement, write must be true, may 1. If the measures of two angles have a sum of 90°, then the angles are
complementary.

GO nline be true, or is not true. Explain your reasoning. 16–21. See margin pp. 96–97. m&A + m&B = 90

2. If the football team wins on Friday night, then practice is canceled

for Monday.

Homework Help 16. Julio drinks juice. 17. Curtis drinks water. 18. Kira drinks milk.
The football team won by 7 points on Friday night.

3. If a triangle has one 90° angle, then the triangle is a right triangle.
In 䉭DEF, m&E = 90.

Visit: PHSchool.com Use the Law of Syllogism to draw a conclusion.

Web Code: aue-0203 19. Curtis drinks juice. 20. Maria drinks water. 21. Julio drinks milk. 4. If you liked the movie, then you saw a good movie.
If you saw a good movie, then you enjoyed yourself.

5. If two lines are not parallel, then they intersect.

If two lines intersect, then they intersect at a point.

6. If you vacation at the beach, then you must like the ocean.
If you like the ocean, then you will like Florida.

97
If possible, use the Law of Detachment to draw a conclusion. If not possible,

Lesson 2-3 Deductive Reasoning write not possible.

7. If Robbie wants to save money to buy a car, he must get a part-time job.
Robbie started a new job yesterday at a grocery store.

8. If a person lives in Omaha, then he or she lives in Nebraska.

© Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Tamika lives in Omaha.

9. If two figures are congruent, their areas are equal.

17. Must be true; by (E) and (A), 19. Is not true; by (E) and (A), 21. Is not true; by (A) and (E), The area of ABCD equals the area of PQRS.

Use the Law of Detachment and the Law of Syllogism to draw conclusions

it is breakfast time. Then it is breakfast time. By (C), it is breakfast time. By (D), from the following statements.

10. If it is raining, the temperature is greater than 32°F.

by (C), Curtis drinks water. Curtis drinks water and Julio drinks juice and
If the temperature is greater than 32°F, then it is not freezing outside.
It is raining.

11. If you live in Providence, then you live in Rhode Island.

18. May be true; by (E) and nothing else. nothing else. If you live in Rhode Island, then you live in the smallest state in the
United States.
Shannon lives in Providence.

(A), it is breakfast time. 20. May be true; by (E), Maria 12. If it does not rain, the track team will have practice.
If the track team has practice, the team members will warm up by
jogging two miles.

We don’t know what Kira drinks juice. We don’t know It does not rain on Thursday.

drinks at breakfast time. if she also drinks water. 97

Exercises 16–21 The list of
For each of the following, write the first statement as a conditional. If possible, use
statements assumed to be true
may seem daunting to students. the Law of Detachment to make a conclusion. If not possible, write not possible.
Before they begin the exercises, 22. All national parks are interesting. If something is a national park, then it is
ask: How many of the given Mammoth Cave is a national park. interesting; Mammoth Cave is interesting.
statements are conditionals, and
how many are simple statements? 23. Weather The temperature is always above 328F in Key West, Florida.
four conditionals and one simple The temperature is 628F. If you are in Key West, Florida, then the
temperature is always above 32°F; not possible.
statement Point out that the 24. Every high school student likes music.
simple statement makes the Ling likes music. If you are a high school student,
hypothesis of conditional then you like music; not possible.
statement A true. 25. All squares are rectangles.
ABCD is a square.
Exercise 32 Students must use Real-World Connection If a figure is a square, then it is a rectangle; ABCD is a rectangle.
indirect reasoning to conclude Average ocean temperature 26. Writing Give an example of a rule used in your school that could be written as
that Anita and Beth did not go. in Key West is about 808F, a a conditional. Explain how the Law of Detachment is used in applying that rule.
Discuss as a class how students good snorkeling temperature. See left.
reasoned through this exercise. 26. Answers may vary. For Exercises 27–31, use the cartoon and deductive reasoning to answer yes or no.
Point out that this type of Sample: If a student If no, explain.
reasoning becomes increasingly wears a hat to school,
27. Is a person with a red car No; red
important as students continue then the student must
allowed to park here on cars can
take it off indoors.
studying mathematics. Tuesday at 10:00 A. M.? never
Amy wears a hat to park.
Math Tip school. Then Amy 28. Is a man with a beard
must take off the hat allowed to park here on
Exercise 33 This exercise
indoors. Monday at 10:30 A. M.? See left.
establishes the logical rule that
when a statement is true, its 28. No; guys with beards 29. Is a woman with a wig
contrapositive is also true. cannot park on allowed to park here on
Symbolically, if p S q is a true Monday. Saturday at 10:00 A. M.? yes
statement, then q S p is
30. No; there is no 30. Is a person with a blue car
a true statement.
parking Tuesday from allowed to park here on
6:49 A.M. to 9:11 A.M. Tuesday at 9:05 A. M.? See left.
31. Is a person with a convertible
with leather seats allowed to
park here on Sunday at 6:00 P. M.? yes

GPS 32. Reasoning Assume that the following statements are true.
If Anita goes to the concert, Beth will go.
If Beth goes to the concert, Aisha will go.
If Aisha goes to the concert, Ramon will go.
Aisha and
Only two of the four students went to the concert. Who were they? Ramon
C Challenge 33. Critical Thinking Consider the following given
statements and conclusion.
Given: If an animal is a fish, then it has gills.
A turtle does not have gills.
You conclude: A turtle is not a fish.
33a.
This argument does not use the Law of Syllogism
Gills or the Law of Detachment, but it does use good
deductive reasoning.
Fish Turtles a. Draw a Venn diagram to illustrate the given information. See left.
b. Use the Venn diagram to help explain why the argument uses good
reasoning. Turtles are not in the circle of animals with gills,
so a turtle is not a fish.

98 Chapter 2 Reasoning and Proof

36.[2] a. Bert 37. [4] a. Harold; Clara and Mark won’t eat
b. Andrea, Bert, and Carl; if Darla sandwiches, so Harold had the
were reading King Lear, all four people sandwich. Since Harold had the
would be reading it. sandwich, he also had the milk.
[1] one part correct b. Salad; because Mark won’t eat
salad or bread, he had the soup.
98 Since he had the soup, he had
 Test Prep 4. Assess & Reteach
Multiple Choice 34. What conclusion can you draw from the following two statements? D PowerPoint

If a person does not get enough sleep, that person will be tired. Lesson Quiz
Evan does not get enough sleep.
A. Evan will get enough sleep. B. Evan will not be tired. Use the three statements below.
C. Evan should get enough sleep. D. Evan will be tired.
A. If games are canceled,
35. What conclusion can you draw from the following two statements? F then Maria reads a book.
If you have a job, then you have an income. B. If it snows, then games
If you have an income, then you must pay taxes. are canceled.
C. It is snowing.
F. If you have a job, then you must pay taxes.
G. If you don’t have a job, then you don’t pay taxes. 1. Using only statements
H. If you pay taxes, then you have a job. A and B, what can you
J. If you have a job, then you don’t have to pay taxes. conclude? If it snows, then
Maria reads a book.
Short Response 36. Carl reads anything Andrea chooses to read. Bert reads what Carl chooses
to read and Carl reads what Bert chooses. Andrea reads whatever Darla 2. Using only statements
chooses to read. a–b. See margin p. 98. B and C, what can you
a. Carl is reading Hamlet. Who else, if anyone, must also be reading Hamlet? conclude? Games are
b. Exactly three people are reading King Lear. Who are they? Explain. canceled.
3. Using statements A, B and C,
Extended Response 37. Harold, Clara, and Mark each chose a different lunch from three categories:
what can you conclude? Maria
soup, salad, and sandwiches. Each ordered a different drink. Clara will
is reading a book.
not eat sandwiches. Mark won’t eat salad or bread. The person who had
the soup also had the iced tea. The person who had the sandwich also had 4. Suppose both statement B and
the milk. a–b. See margin pp. 98–99. “games are canceled” are true.
a. Who drank the milk? How do you know? Can you conclude that
b. One person ordered mineral water. What food did the water go with? statement C is true? Explain.
Explain. No; sample:
you cannot apply the
Law of Detachment.

Mixed Review
Alternative Assessment
Lesson 2-2 Is each statement a good definition? If not, find a counterexample. Have each student follow these
GO for
Help 38. An angle is a figure formed by two rays. See left. two rules to write a logic puzzle.
• The puzzle must contain at
39. A ray is an angle bisector if and only if it divides an angle into two least three statements.
congruent angles. good definition • The puzzle must be solvable
using the Law of Detachment
Lesson 2-1 Show that each conditional is false by finding a counterexample. and the Law of Syllogism.
38. No; counterexamples Have students exchange puzzles
40. Geography If the name of a state contains the word North, then the state
may vary. Sample: two and solve. Check students’ work.
borders Canada. North Carolina
rays that do not intersect
2
do not form an angle. x 41. Algebra If you square a fraction, then the result is always greater than the
original fraction. Answers may vary. Sample: 12 Test Prep
Lesson 1-4 Complete with always, sometimes, or never to make a true statement.
Resources
42. Two lines that do not intersect are 9 parallel. sometimes For additional practice with a
43. Two lines that intersect are 9 skew. never variety of test item formats:
• Standardized Test Prep, p. 121
44. Two segments that intersect are 9 coplanar. always • Test-Taking Strategies, p. 116
• Test-Taking Strategies with
Transparencies
lesson quiz, PHSchool.com, Web Code: aua-0203 Lesson 2-3 Deductive Reasoning 99

the iced tea. We know from part (a) [2] only one correct answer with
that Harold had the sandwich and poor explanations
milk. Thus Clara had the salad and
[1] one correct answer with no
mineral water.
explanations
[3] correct answers with poor
explanations
99
 Checkpoint Quiz 1 Lessons 2-1 through 2-3
Use this Checkpoint Quiz to check
students’ understanding of the 1. Identify the hypothesis and the conclusion of this conditional statement:
skills and concepts of Lessons 2-1 If x . 5, then x 2 . 25. Hypothesis: x S 5 Conclusion: x2 S 25
through 2-3. 2. Write this statement as a conditional: Roses are beautiful flowers.
If something is a rose, then it is a beautiful flower.
Resources
Grab & Go For Exercises 3 and 4, use this conditional statement:
• Checkpoint Quiz 1. If an integer ends with 0, then the integer is divisible by 2.
If an integer is divisible by 2,
3. Write the converse of the statement.
then the integer ends with 0.
4. Find a counterexample to show that the converse is not true.
Answers may vary. Sample: 42 is divisible by 2, but it does not end with 0.
5. If an angle is an acute 5. Write the two conditionals that make up this biconditional:
angle, then its An angle is an acute angle if and only if its measure is between 0 and 90.
measure is between See left. Points are collinear if and only
6. Rewrite this definition as a biconditional:
0 and 90. If an angle’s if they lie on the same line.
Points that lie on the same line are collinear.
measure is between
0 and 90, then it is an 7. Find a counterexample to show that the following statement is not
acute angle. a good definition:
A computer is a machine with a keyboard and a memory. Answers may vary.
Sample: A graphing calculator has a keyboard and a memory.
Use the Law of Detachment or the Law of Syllogism to draw a conclusion from
each pair of statements. If not possible, write not possible.
8. If a student is on the basketball team, then that student has passing grades.
Theresa is on the basketball team. Theresa has passing grades.
9. If a student studies geometry, the student studies mathematics.
If a student studies mathematics, the student’s mind is expanded.
If a student studies geometry, then the student’s mind is expanded.
10. If you miss the bus, then you will be late for school.
You are late for school. not possible

A P int in Time
1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
Most people are not detectives, but as a
young woman, the English writer Agatha Christie
(1890–1976) correctly deduced that many people
would like to be. In 1920 she published her first
book, a detective novel entitled The Mysterious
Affair at Styles in which she introduced the
eccentric and ultra-logical Belgian detective
Hercule Poirot. In this and in many subsequent
novels, Poirot solves mysteries not with guns
or car chases but with logical reasoning.
Hercule Poirot as played by
David Suchet, 1989–1997.
For: Information about Agatha Christie
PHSchool.com Web Code: aue-2032

100 Chapter 2 Reasoning and Proof

100