DEEPER LIFE HIGH SCHOOL

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FIRST TERM: E-LEARNING NOTES
SCHEME FIRST TERM

SSS3
WEEK TOPIC CONTENT
1 SURDS (a) Meaning of rational and irrational numbers
leading to the definition of surds.
(b) the rules guiding the basic operation with surd i.e
√a + √b ≠ √a + b ; √a - √b ≠ √a - b ;√a x √b = √a
x b: √a ÷ √b = √a/b.
(c) conjugates of a binomial surd using the idea of
the difference of two squares
(d) Application to solving triangles involving
trigonometric ratios of special angles 30 0, 600 ,
and 450 .
(e) Evaluation of expressions involving surds.
2 MATRICES AND (a) Definition, order and notation of matrix.
DETERMINANT 1 (b) Types of matrix.
(c) Addition and subtraction of matrix. (d) Scalar
multiplication of matrices
3 MATRICES AND (a) Multiplication of matrices.
DETERMINANT 2 (b) Transpose of a matrix.
(c) Determinant of 2x2 and 3x3 matrices.
(d) Application to solving simultaneous linear equations in
two variables.
4 LOGARITHM (a) Revision of laws of indices.
(b) Laws of logarithms.
(c) Logarithmic equations.
5 ARITHMETIC OF (a) Simple interest (revision).
FINANCE (b) Compound interest.
(c) Depreciation.
(d) Annuities.
(e) Amortization.
(f) Further use of logarithm table in problem involving: (i)
Bonds and Debentures (ii) shares (iii) Rates (iv) Income tax
(v) Value added Tax.
6 SURFACE AREA AND (a) Surface area of sphere.
VOLUME OF SPHERE (b) Volume of sphere
7 MID-TERM BREAK
8 LONGITUDE AND (a) Earth as a sphere.
LATITUDE (b) Identification of: (i) North and South poles. (ii)
Longitudes (iii) Latitudes (iv) Small circles and great circles.
(v) Meridian and equator. (vi) Parallel of Latitude. (vii)
Radius of parallel of latitude (viii) Radius of Earth.
 9 LONGITUDE AND (a) Revision of: arc length of a curve.
LATITUDE (b) Calculations of distance between two points on
the earth; shortest distance between two points.
(d) Nautical rules, time variation.

10 REVISION
11 EXAMINATION

CLASS: S.S 3
TOPIC: SURDS
CONTENT:
 Meaning of rational and irrational numbers leading to the definition of surds.
 the rules guiding the basic operation with surd i.e √a + √b ≠ √a + b ; √a - √b ≠ √a - b ;√a x √b = √a x
b: √a ÷ √b = √a/b.
 conjugates of a binomial surd using the idea of the difference of two squares
 Application to solving triangles involving trigonometric ratios of special angles 300, 600 , and 450 .
 Evaluation of expressions involving surds.

MEANING OF RATIONAL AND IRRATIONAL NUMBERS LEADING TO THE DEFINITION OF SURDS

Rational numbers (Fractions): rational numbers is any number that can be expressed as a ratio of
a
two integers (i.e can be expressed as a fraction in the form where a and b are in integers and
b
where b ≠0. Any integer can be expressed as
a
, hence integers are rational numbers such as
1
1 5 7 −4 9
, , , etc are rational numbers. Therefore Natural numbers are subsets of Integers
3 17 10 7 1
while Integers are subset of Rational numbers N ⊂ Z ⊂ Q .
Examples are:
 2
∧14
(i) Proper and improper fractions: 3 3 17
,
4, 9 10
3 3
(ii) Mixed numbers: 2 , 5
4 7
0 6 −9
(iii) Integers i.e counting numbers : 0 = , 6 ,−9=
1 1 1
8 −35
(iv) Terminating decimals, eg0.8= −0.13=
10 100
1 2
(v) Recurring decimals, eg0.1= , 0.13= etc
9 15
2 5
(vi) Roots such as √ 4=2= ∧√ 25=5=
1 1
The square roots of these fractional numbers, referred as surds, results in irrational or non-rational
numbers. Irrational/non-rational numbers are numbers when expressed as decimals neither repeat
(recur) nor end (terminate). An irrational number cannot be written as a ratio of two integers, e.g
π=3.141 592 654 …∧e=2.718 282 828 …(exponential)
They are irritation because they do not have exact roots eg √ 2=1.414 213 … , √ 12=3.464 101 …
Note:
(i) All multiples of irrational numbers are irrational e.g5 √ 3 ,2 √ 5 4√ 11 etc

(ii) All fractions of irrational numbers are irrational e.g

√5 , 3 √2 , 3√ 11 etc
2 5 3
Therefore, surd is the word that is used to refer to the square roots of numbers that are not perfect
squares.

THE RULES GUIDING THE BASIC OPERATION WITH SURDS

1. √ X × √ Y = √ XY e.g √ 9 × √ 4= √ 9 × 4=√ 36=6
√ 9 × √ 4=3 × 2=6
2. √ X + √ Y ≠ √ XY e.g √ 9+ √ 4 ≠ √9+ 4=√ 13=¿
√ 9+ √ 4=3+ 2=5
3. √ X ÷ √Y =√ X ÷Y √ 16 ÷ √ 4=√16 ÷ 4= √ 4=2
e.g
√ 16 ÷ √ 4=4 ÷ 2=2
4. √ X− √Y ≠ √ X−Y e.g √ 9− √ 4 ≠ √ 9−4=√5=¿
√ 9− √ 4=3−2=1
5. √ X + √ X =2 √ X e.g √ 2+ √ 2=2 √2
6. 2 √ X +3 √ X=5 √ X e.g 2 √ 2+ 3 √ 2=5 √ 2
7. √ X + √ Y = √ X e.g √ 2+ √ 3=√ 2+ √ 3
1 1
2× 2×
8. √ X × √ X =√ X 2=X 2
=X e.g √ 5 × √ 5=√ 52=5 2 =5
 Like surds: Two or more surds are said to be like surds if the number under the square root sign

are the same eg√ 3 ,7 √ 3 ,

√3 .
5
Examples
(1) We know that √ 36 ×25=√ 900 ie 30. But √ 36 × √ 25=6 ×5ie 30. This means
√ 36 ×25=√ 36× √ 25. In general: √ ab=√ a × √ b
(2) We know that

√36 = 6 i.e 2.
√ √
36
9
=
36
9
= √ 4 i.e 2

But
√9 3
Hence:
√
36 √ 36
9
=
√9
In general: =
√
a √a
b √b
Class Activity
1. State which of the following pairs of expressions are equal
(a) √ 16 × √ 36 × √ 4 , √ 16 × 36× 4
(b) √ 17−14 , √ 17−√ 14
(c) √ 64+ √ 144 , √ 64+ 144

(d)
√
18 √ 18
,
2 √2
2. If a=36 , b=9∧c=−16 , work out the following pairs of expressions are equal.
(a) √ a2 b,√ a2 × √ b
(b) √ a+b , √a+ √ b
(c) −c √ a , √ a c2
(d) 4 √ c2 , √ 16 c 2

ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION OF SURDS

We can only add or subtract surds which are alike or have the same form
Note: Reduce first to their basic forms if they are not
Examples:
1. Simplify the following:
(a) √ 3+ √ 3we have two √ 3 thus ,2 √ 3 Recall : x + x=2 x
∴ √ 3+ √ 3=2 √ 3
(b) √ 4 + √ 5=2+ √ 5
(c) √ 12+ √ 48 , √12=√ 4 ×3=2 √3 , √ 48=√ 16 ×3=4 √3
∴ 2 √ 3+ 4 √ 3=6 √ 3
2. Simplify the following:
(a) 4 √ 11−2 √ 11,=( 4−2 ) 2 √ 11=2 √ 11
(b) 4 √ 18−√ 200+3 √ 50
 ¿ 4 √ 18+ 3 √ 50−√ 20=4 √ 9× 2+3 √ 25× 2−√ 100 ×2=4 × 3 √ 2+3 ×5 √ 2−10 √ 2=12 √ 2+ 15 √ 2−10 √ 2
(c) 3 √ 48+ √ 192+3 √ 12−√ 147=3 √ 16 ×3+ √ 64 × 3+3 √ 4 × 3−√ 49 × 3
¿ 3 × 4 √ 3+8 √ 3+3 ×2 √ 3−7 √ 3=12 √ 3+8 √ 3+ 6 √ 3−√ 3=26 √ 3−7 √ 3=19 √ 3
Class Activity
1. Simplify the following:
(a) √ 5+ √ 5+ √ 5
(b) √ 800+ √ 200−2 √ 32
(c) 4 √ 32−√ 192+ 3 √ 12− √ 147
(d) √ 75−3 √ 48+ √ 45−2 √ 12
(e) 2 √ 12−5 √ 48− √ 75−3 √ 363
(f) √ 28− √ 45+ √ 175−√ 20+ √ 245
(g) 3 √ 2+ √ 128−√ 27− √ 50+ √ 75

MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION OF SURDS

Note: To multiply surds:
(a) Simplify the surds, if possible.
(b) Group the numbers together, coefficient of surds together and then multiply.
(c) Simplify further if possible but divide surds:
(i) simplify the fraction if necessary.
(Ii) If the denominator has a surd, then rationalize it i.e to eliminate the surd in the
denominator by multiplying both the numerator and the denominator of the fraction by the
surd in the denominator. This will make the denominator a rational number.
(Iii)Simplify further if possible.

Examples:
1. Simplify the following:
(a)
√ 24 × √72 ×3 √ 5=√ 4 ×6 × √36 × 2× 3 √5=2 √6 × √2 ×3 √ 5=2 × 6× 3 √6 × √ 2× √5=36 √ 60=36 √ 4 ×15=
(b) √ 32× √ 576 × ¿
¿ 768 √ 2

(c) ¿
¿ √ 96 × 90=√ 48 × 2× 90= √ 16 × 6× 9 ×10=4 × 3 √ 6 × 10=12 √ 60=12 √ 4 × 15=12 ×2 √ 15=24 √ 15
2. Simplify the following:
2 2 11 2 √ 11
(a) = × =
√11 √11 √11 11
 (b)
√ √ √
25
3
=
25
1
√7 × 5 √ 44 × √12
1 5 √3 5 √3
× = ×
3 √3 √3
×
3

(c)
√ 20× √77
¿√
7 × 5 √ 4 ×11× √ 4 ×3
√ 4 × 5× √11× 7
¿ √
7 ×5 ×2 √ 11×2 √ 3
2 √ 5 × √ 11× √ 11× √ 7
5× 2 √ 3
¿
√5
¿ √ √
10 3 × 5
√5 × √5
10× √15
¿
5
¿ 2 √15
(d) ( √ 2−2 √ 3)(3 √ 2+ 4 √ 3)
Recall: a ( x + y )=ax+ ay
Also ( a+ b ) ( x+ y )=ax +ay +bx +by
Then: ¿
¿ 3 √ 4+ 4 √ 6−√ 6−8 √ 9=3 √ 4+ 4 √ 6−√ 6−8 × 3=3 ×2+ 4 √ 6−6 √ 6−24=6−2 √ 6−24=−18−2 √ 6
2
(e) ( √ 6.4−√ 2.5)
¿( √ 6.4− √ 2.5)( √ 6.4−√ 2.5)
¿¿
¿ 6.4−2 √ 6.4 ×2.5+2.5=6.4−2 √ 16 +2.5
¿ 6.4−2 × 4+2.5=6.4−8+2.5=8.9−8=0.9∨¿
Class Activity
1. Simplify the following:
(a) √ 2× √ 3× √ 5 × √ 15 × √ 20 × √ 60
3
(b) √ 162×( √2)
(c) ¿
2 √ 50 ×3 √ 21
(d)
5 √ 2 ×7 √ 42
9
(e) √ 48− + √ 75
√3
(f) (3 √ a−5 √ a)(3 √ a+ 5 √ a)
(g) ¿
2. Evaluate without using tables:
( 5 √ 2.5−10 √ 10 ) ( √ 0.4 ) [ WAEC ]
PRACTICE EXERCISE
 1. Simplify the following surds expressions
(a) ¿

(b) 6 √ 7− √ 4 ×7−5 √ 7+ √ 245

(c) 4 √ 3−2 √ 20 + √ 108+ 3 √ 125

2. Expand and simplify the following:

(a) (5 √ 2−3 √ 5)(3 √ 2+3 √ 5)
(b) (2 √ 5+3 √ 2)(2 √ 5−3 √ 2)
1 1
3. (a) 3 √ 2− −
√2 √ 8
4 √ 5 ×3 √ 2
(b)
√32 × √100
CONJUGATE OF BINOMIAL SURDS USING THE IDEA OF DIFFERENCE OF TWO SQUARES
A binomial surd is a surd expression that is made up of only two terms, example 3+√(2,) √5-
2√(7,) 3√2+5,etc.
To rationalize a binomial surd, we use the numerator and the denominator to multiply both
the numerator and the denominator.
√a+ √(b ) and √a–√(b ) are said to be conjugate surds because when they are multiplied
together, the result gives a rational number. It operates in this way:
(a+b)(a-b)= a2-ab+ab+b2
= a2-b2 (difference of two squares)

∴=( √ a+ √ b) ¿2 −( √ b)2

¿ a−b

Examples

1. S implify the following : ( a ) (5 √ 2+2 √ 8)(5 √ 2−2 √ 2)

¿ ¿– (2√ 8)2
= 52× √ 4−22 × √ 64
¿ 25 ×2−4 × 8
= 50−32
¿ 18
( b ) (3 √ 4−2)(3 √ 4+2)
 ¿¿
¿ 3 × √ 4 × 4−2 ×2
2

¿ 9 × 4−4
¿ 36−4
¿ 32

2 ( a ) ¿)(4 √ 5−√ 9)
Note :(a−b)(a−b)
2 2
¿ a −ab−ab+ b
2 2
¿ a −2 ab+b
→ ¿2
2
¿ 4 × ¿2
¿ 16 ×5−8 × √ 45+ 9
¿ 80−8 × √ 9 × √ 5+9
¿ 80−8 ×3 √ 5+9
¿ 80+ 9−24 √ 5
¿ 89−24 √ 5
( b ) ¿2
¿( √ 0.81−√ 36)( √ 0.81−√ 36)
¿ ( √ 0.81 ) −2 ( √ 0.81 ) ( √ 36 ) +( √ 36)
2 2

¿ 0.6561−2 ( 0.9 × 6 ) +36

¿ 0.6561−2 ( 5.4 ) +36
¿ 36.6561−10.8
¿ 25.8561
( 3 ) (2 √ 54+ √24)( √ 6 +3 √63)
¿)( √ 6 ) + ( 2 √ 54 )( 3 √ 63 ) + ( √ 24 ) ( √ 6 ) +( √ 24)(3 √ 63)
¿ ( 2 √ 9 ×6 ) ( √ 6 ) +2 ( √ 9 ×6 ) ( 3 √ 9 × 7 ) + ( √ 4 × 6 ) ( √ 6 ) +( √ 4 × 6)(3 √ 9× 7)
¿ 2 ×3 ×6+ 2× 3 √ 6 × 3× 3 √ 7 +2× 6+2 ×3 ×3 × √ 6 × √ 7
¿ 36+12+2 ×3 × 3× 3 × √ 6 × √ 7+2 ×3 ×3 × √ 6 × √ 7
¿ 48+ 54 √ 42+18 √ 42
¿ 48+ 72 √ 42

( 4 ) Simplification by rationalisingthe denominator

2 √ 5+ √ 3
3 √ 5−√ 3
¿ √ √ = √ √ × √ √
2 5+ 3 2 5+ 3 2 5+ 3
3 √ 5−√ 3 3 √ 5− √ 3 3 √ 5+ √ 3
¿ ( 2 √ 5 )( 3 √5 ) + ( 2 √ 5 ) ( √ 3 ) +( √3)(3 √ 5)+( √ 3)2
¿ 2 ×3 ×5+2 × √ 5 × √ 3+3 × √ 3 × √ 5+3
¿ 30+2 √ 15+3 √ 15+ 3
 33+5 √15
¿
¿¿
33+5 √ 15
¿
32 ¿ ¿
33+5 √ 15
¿
9 ×5−3
33+5 √ 15
¿
42
Class Activity
1. Simplify the following:
(a)¿
(b) ( √ 12+ √ 20 ) ( √12+ √3 )
2
(c) ( √ 0.25−√ 100 )
(d) ( 3 √ 5−2 ) ( 3 √ 5+2 )
2. Rationalise the denominators of the following:
3 √ 5+ 2 √ 3
(a)
2 √ 5−3 √ 3
10
(b)
4 √18−3 √ 48
3. Express the following ∈the form a+ b √ 5 :

(a ) √5
√ 7+ √ 5
(b ) √
3−3 √ 2
2 √ 3−2 √ 2

APPLICATION TO SOLVING TRIANGLES INVOLVING TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF SPECIAL

ANGLES 30° , 60 ,∧45 ° .
In ∆ ABC , there is a ¿ angle at B∧sides AB=BC=1 unit .
Angle 45°

45
0

450
 { }
2 2 2
Note : AC = AB + BC
2 2
¿ 1 +1
¿2
∴ AC =√ 2units .
opp
∴ sin 45 °=
hyp
1
¿
√2
adj
cos 45 °=
hyp
1
¿
√2
opp
tan 45 °=
adj
1
¿ i.e. 1
1

Angles 30°∧60 °
∆ ABC is an equilateral of side 2units . Ad is the altitude∨height .
A

2
300 2

600
B C
1 D 1
 ¿ ∆ ABD ,< BAD=30 °
→ AD = AB −BD { Pythagoras theorem }
2 2 2

2 2
¿ 2 −1
¿3
∴ AD =√ 3 units
∴ sin 60 °=
√3
2
1
cos 60 °=
2
tan60 ° =√ 3

1
And sin 30 °=
2
cos 30 °= √
3
2
1
tan30 °=
√3
Examples
(1) Find the sides marked with letters. All answers must be left in surd form with rational
denominators when necessary in cm.
(a)
A B
45

c d

30
C 15 D

Solution
¿ ∆ BCD ,
d
tan30 °=
15
15 tan 30 °=d
15 1
× =d
1 √3
15 × √3
√3 × √3
15 √ 3
=d
3
5 √ 3cm= d
 ¿ ∆ ABC
d
sin 45 ° =
C
5 √3
sin 45 ° =
C
Csin 45° =5 √ 3
C= √
5 3
1
√2
C= √ ÷
5 3 1
1 √2
5 √3 × √2
¿
1
¿ 5 √ 6cm B

B
(b)

x 6
450 600

A y D

6
In ∆ ABC , sin 45 °=
x
xsin 45 °=6
6
x=
1
√2
6 1
¿ ÷
1 √2
6 √2
¿ ×
1 1
¿ 6 √ 2 cm
 a
In ∆ ABC , cos 45 ° =
x
xcos 45 °=a
6 √2 1
× =a
1 √2
6 √2 × √2
=a
√2 × √2
6 ×2
=a
2
6 cm=a
6
¿ ∆ BCD , tan60 °=
b
btan 60° =6
6
b=
tan 60 °
6
¿
√3
6 × √3
¿
√3 × √3
6 √3
¿
3
¿ 2 √ 3 cm
∴ y=a+b
¿ 6+2 √ 3 cm
(C)
12

6 L

20

12 6 L

60
 6 4

12 4
6
¿ the ∆ , sin 60 °=
L
Lsin60 °=6
6
L=
sin 60
6
L=
√3
2
6 √3
¿ ÷
1 2
6 2
¿ ×
1 √3
12× √ 3
¿
√3 × √3
¿ √
12 3
3
¿ 4 √ 3 cm
OR
6
cos 30 °=
L
Lcos 30 °=6
6 6 2
L= = ×
cos 30 ° 1 √ 3
12 √ 3
¿ ×
√3 √3
¿ 4 √3
( d ) PQRST is a pentagon. PQ =QR=PT=16 cm,∧P T^ S=135 ° .Calculate RS∧ST .

R Q

S 16cm

1350
T P

Solution
 R Q

S 16cm 16cm

450
T P

¿ ∆ STR ,
RS
sin 45 ° =
16
16 sin 45 °=RS
16 1
× =RS
1 √2
16 × √ 2
=RS
√2 × √2
16 √ 2
=RS
2
8 √ 2 RS
ST
Also, sin 45 ° =
16
16 ×1
ST
√2
8 √ 2=ST

Class Activity
F ind the sides marked with letters . All lenghts are∈cm .
(a) x
0
60
y

(b)
600
 y

x
300
6

EVALUATION OF EXPRESSIONS INVOLVING SURDS

This topic exonerates the use of calculators or tables. When evaluating an expression with surds, it is
useful to rationalise the denominator.
Examples
( 1 ) Given that √ 2=1.414 , √3=1.732∧√ 5=2.236 , without usingtables os a calculator ,
the|following ¿ 2 d . p .
5
(a )
√3
Solution

= ×√
5 5 3
√3 √ 3 √ 3
¿ √
5 3
3
5× 1.732
¿
3
8.660
¿
3
¿ 2. 886
¿ 2.89 ( 2 d . p )
1
(b )
√ 45
Solution:
1 1
=
√ 45 √ 9× 5
1
¿
3 √5
×√
1 5
¿
3× √ 5 √ 5
¿
√5
3× 5
2.236
¿
15
¿ 0.149
¿ 0.15 ( 2. dp )
 (c)
√ 4 × 0.27 ×3
6 ×2−4
Solution

=
√ 4 × 0.9× 0.3 ×3
12−4
2× 0.3 ×0.3
=
√8
2× 0.3 ×0.3
=
√ 4 × √2
1.8
=
2 √2
1.8 × √2
¿
2× √2 × √2

1.8× 1.414
¿
4
2.5452
¿
4
¿ 0.6363
= 0.64

[ ]
2

(d)
√ 50
√ 162− √98
Solution

[ ] ( )
2 2
√ 50 =
√25 × 2
√ 162− √98 √ 81× 2−√ 2 ×49

( )
2
5 √2
¿
9 √ 2−7 √ 2

( )
2
5 √2
¿
2 √2

( )
2
5 √2 ×√2
¿
2 ×√2 ×√2

( )
2
5 ×2
¿
2 ×2

25 1
¿ i.e.6 or 6.25
4 4

Examples
1. √ 20|× ( √ 5 ) (WAEC)
3
 2. Without using a calculator∨Mathematic tables , :|

(a ) (
3 2 √ 12
−
√3 √3 6 ) (WAEC)

(b) √ 1.225=1.107 , √ 12.25=3.5∧√ 100 = 10. Evaluate √ 1225 (WAEC)

( )
2
10 √ 32
(c )
√ 18−√ 2
3. Given that √ 2=1.414 , √ 3=1.732∧√ 5=2.236 , without using tables∨a calcu−¿
lator , the| following ¿ 2 d . p .
2
(a )
√8
( b ) √ 3 ( √ 9+3 √ 27 )

√
( c ) 2 ( √7.5+ √ 30 ) √ 2
5

PRACTICE EXERCISE
5 √ 7−7 √5
(1) Ra tionalize (JAMB)
√ 7−√5
(2) Simplify :
√ 50−3 √ 2 ( 2 √2−5 )−5 √ 32 (WAEC)
5−3 √ 2
(3) Simplify without usingtable (WAEC)
6+5 √ 2
. XYZ is an isosceles triangle with| XY |=|XZ|=6 cm∧Y ^
X Z=120 ° .Calculate the
Length of YZ .( WAEC ) .
(4) From the top of a vertical mast 150m high,two huts on the same ground level are ob-
served one due East and the other due West of the mast.Their angles of depression
are 60° and 45°,respectively.Find the distance between the huts.(JAMB).
(5) Theangle of elevation of a building from a measuring intrument placed on the ground
is 30°.If the building is 40m high,how far is the instrument from the foot of the building?
(JAMB)

ASSIGNMENT

5 3
1. Simplify −
√3 √ 2
1 1 1 1
A. ( 5 √ 3−3 √2 )B. ( 15 √ 3−6 √2 ) C. (3 √2−√ 3) D. ( 10 √ 3−9 √2 ) (SSCE 2005)
6 6 6 6

2. Given that √ 128− √ 18−√ k=7 √ 2 ,find k .

 A. 8 B. 16 C.32 D.48 (SSCE 2004)
3. K√ 28+ √ 63− √ 7=0, find K.
A. -2 B. -1 C. 1 D. 2 (SSCE
1999)

2
4. Given that √ 5=2.236 ,evaluate to 2 decimal places
√5
A. 0.89 B. 1.89 C. 0.98 D. 1.98

3
5. Simplify
4 √ 6+5
5 7
6. Simplify +
√7 + √3 √ 7− √3
WEEK 2
SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS
CLASS: SS 3
TOPIC: MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS
CONTENT:
 Definition, order and notation of matrix.
 Types of matrix.
 Addition and subtraction of matrix.
 Scalar multiplication of matrices

DEFINITION, ORDER AND NOTATION OF MATRIX