MSE 201 Practice Exam #2 Fall 2015

Name (print)__________________________________________

I have neither given nor received unauthorized aid on this test. X________________ (signature)

No notes, books, or information stored in calculator memories may be used. Cheating will be
punished severely. All of your work must be written on these pages and turned in. To receive full
or partial credit on numerical problems, you must show your calculations in step-by-step
fashion. Units must be shown when applicable and all plots must have labeled axes. Be sure that
you read and answer all parts of each question.

Phase Diagrams provided at end.

Multiple choice questions (3 points each): Carefully circle or write only one answer.

1. Which of the following processes makes a material more ductile?

a. decreasing the temperature
b. adding an alloying impurity
c. recrystallization after cold work
d. none of the above

2. HCP materials are more brittle than FCC metals because of

a. lower number of slip systems
b. larger number of slip systems
c. higher density
d. larger volume of a unit cell

3. The critical resolved shear stress is:

a. the minimum shear stress required to initiate slip
b. the shear stress projected onto a plane of atoms
c. the shear stress when φ and λ are equal 45°
d. none of the above

4. As the percent cold work increases:

a. yield strength increases
b. tensile strength increases
c. ductility decreases
d. all of the above

5. Plane strain fracture toughness depends on:

a. strain rate
b. temperature
c. microstructure
d. all of the above
6. Secondary creep is characterized by a strain rate that
a. decreases with time
b. is constant with time
c. increases with time
d. fluctuates with time

7. The presence of the macroscopic flaws, such as cracks, can explain:

a. an increase in fracture strength
b. a decrease in fracture strength
c. no change in fracture strength
d. a higher elastic modulus

8. The line of a phase diagram separating a completely liquid region from a region containing a
solid and liquid is called the
a. liquidus
b. solidus
c. solvus
d. gaseous

9. The composition of phases in a two-phase region of a phase diagram at a specified

temperature is determined using:
a. a tie line
b. the level law
c. a time-temperature-transformation diagram.
d. precipitate hardening

10. Which of following is a characteristic of intermetallics?

a. Intermetallics are represented by horizontal lines in phase diagrams.
b. Intermetallics are non-equilibrium structures.
c. All alloys composed of two or more metals are intermetallics.
d. Intermetallics have distinct chemical formulas.

11. Necking in the stress-strain testing refers to:

a. fracture without any deformation
b. transition from elastic to plastic deformation
c. large reduction in cross-sectional area in a localized region
d. none of the above

12. During tensile testing, the true stress reaches a maximum at which point?
a. yielding
b. necking
c. fracture
d. possibly any of the above, depending on the % cold working
13. (9 points) Using a solid line, plot on the axis below a typical creep strain as a function of
time. Indicate on your plot the instantaneous deformation, the regions of primary, secondary and
tertiary creep, the steady-state creep rate, and the rupture lifetime. Using a dashed line, draw a
creep curve for the same material but at a higher load. Be sure to label your axes.

14. (6 points) Plot on the axis below curves showing the stress amplitude as a function of the
logarithm of the number of cycles to failure for a material that has a fatigue limit (solid line) and
a material that does not have a fatigue limit (dashed line). Label your axis and indicate on your
plot the fatigue limit.

15. (6 points) The variation in tensile strength with % cold work for copper is shown in the
graph. A copper wire having an initial diameter of 3.0 mm must be uniaxially drawn to
obtain a tensile strength of 450 MPa. Determine the final diameter of the wire in mm.

650
Tensile strength (MPa)

600
550
500
450
Tensile strength of
400
cold-worked copper
350

300
0 20 40 60 80 100
% Cold work
 16. (9 points) Answer parts (a), (b) and (c) for a titanium alloy with the following properties:
Young’s Modulus Yield Strength Tensile Strength Fracture Toughness.

107 GPa 450 MPa 520 MPa 30 MPa-m1/2

(a) A rod two meters long and made from the titanium alloy is to be able to sustain a load of
1000 Newtons. What is the minimum cross sectional area (in m2) for the rod such that the
deformation will be completely elastic? Assume that there is no surface or interior cracks.

(b) What will be the final length of rod for the conditions in part (a)?

(c) What is the maximum surface crack length such that the rod will not fracture for the
conditions in part (a)? Assume that the geometry factor Y = 1.
18. (6 points) Draw the microstructures you would expect in cooling the Cu-containing system,
whose phase diagram is given below, for C0 = 2% Cu, from 700 oC to 100 oC.

19. (20 points) Answer parts (a)-(k) using the gold-tin (Au-Sn) phase diagram attached to the
exam. Note that the temperature in this plot is in degrees Kelvin.

(a) The maximum solid solubility of tin (Sn) in gold (Au) is _______wt % Sn at a temperature of
________K.

(b Circle the Greek letters corresponding to stoichiometric intermetallic compounds.

α β δ ε η ζ

(c) Circle the Greek letters corresponding to nonstoichiometric intermediate solid solutions
(phases). α β δ ε η ζ

(d) A eutectic reaction corresponding to the reaction _____ à __ζ__ + _____ occurs at a
temperature of _______K and a composition of ________wt % Sn

(e) The lowest temperature at which the system is entirely liquid is________K.

(f) The melting point of the δ phase is ______K.

(g) A 200 gram sample of a Au-Sn alloy contains 120 grams of tin. The equilibrium phases
present at 600K are ______ and ______.
(h) The equilibrium phases of the alloy described in part (g) at 500 K are ______ and ______.

(i) Calculate the amounts (in grams) and compositions of the two phases, and sketch the
microstructure at the conditions in part (h).

PHASE COMP. AMOUNT

20. (20 points) Answer parts (a)-(e) using the supplied Fe-Fe3C phase diagram. For parts (c)-(e),
assume a 100 gram alloy which was slowly cooled from the melt.

(a) The maximum solid solubility of carbon in the face-centered cubic (fcc) phase of iron is
_____ wt % C.

(b) A eutectic reaction occurs at a temperature of _____ oC and composition _____ wt % C.

(c) For a 1.0 wt % C alloy at a temperature of 728oC, give the composition and amount in grams
of each phase, and sketch the microstructure.

PHASE COMP. AMOUNT

(d) For a 1.0 wt % C alloy at a temperature of 726oC, give the composition and amount in
grams of each phase, and sketch the microstructure.

PHASE COMP. AMOUNT

(e) How much Fe3C (in grams) is in the eutectoid microstructure for the conditions in part (d)?
21. (16 points) Fill in the following table using the stress-strain graph below.

900
Tensile Strength MPa

800
0.2 % offset Yield
MPa
Strength

700
Elastic (Young’s)
GPa
Modulus

600
Stress at which
dislocations begin MPa
Stress (MPa)
500
to move
Stress at which 400
MPa
necking begins
Strain at which
300

failure occurs
Modulus of
200

MPa
resilience
Strain above which
100

deformation is
permanent.
0

0 0.008 0.016 0.024 0.032 0.040 0.048

Strain
Au-Sn phase diagram:
Fe-Fe3C (iron-cementite) Phase Diagram:
 Constants and Equations for Exam #2

Constants and Conversions:

NA = 6.02 x 1023 atoms/mole k = 8.62 x 10-5 eV/atom-K
1 MPa = 106 Pa 1 GPa = 109 Pa
K = °C + 273 109 nm = 1 m

Equations:

ε = (li–l0)/l0 = ∆l/l0 σ = F/A0 σ = Eε

τ = F/A0 υ = –εx/ εz = –εy/ εz

σT = F/Ai εT = ln(1+ε)

Ur = (1/2)εyσy = σy2/2E %CW = [(A0–Ad)/A0] x 100

%EL = [(lf – l0)/l0] x 100 %RA = [(A0–Af)/A0] x 100

!! !! !!! !! !!! !!
τR = σ(cosφ)(cosλ) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 =
!!! !!!! !!!! !!! !!!! !!!!

σm = (σmax + σmin)/2 σr = σmax – σmin

σa = (σmax – σmin)/2 R = σmax/σmin

KIc = Yσ(πa)1/2 σm = 2σ0(a/ρt)1/2

C0 − C L
Wα =
Cα − C L
Wα
vα ρα Vα ρα
Wα + WL = 1 Vα = = Wα =
vα + vβ Wα Wβ Vα ρα + Vβ ρ β
+
ρα ρβ