Resins
Resins
Resins
Resins Resin
alcohols
Resin phenols
Characteristcs Composition Example
simple hydrocarbon Resin alcohols Benzoresinol in benzoin and
Resins
compounds with some (resinols)
storesinol in Storax
functional groups attached Resin acids Abietic acid (Colophony),
to them (cannabis, rosins)
Commiphoric acid (Myrrh),
Alleuritc acid (Shellac )
Resin esters Benzyl benzoate and cinnamyl
cinnamate ( Benzoin )
Ethyl cinnamate and
cinnamyl cinnamate
(Storax)
Resenes Oxygenated inert compounds
present in Myrrh
Resin phenols Peru-resinotannol in Perubalsam,
(Resinotannols) Tolu- resinotannol in Tolu
balsam and siaresinotannol in
benzoin
Combination of resins
Oleo-resin
Gum resins
Class Characteristics Examples
Resin simple hydrocarbon Rosin, cannabis
compounds with some
functional groups
attached to them
Oleo- Naturally occurring Turpentine,
resin mixture of volatile oil and Ginger, Capsicum
resin
Oleo- A naturally occurring Myrrh, Asafoetida
gum mixture of volatile oil,
resin Gums/Mucilagenous
compound with a resin
Class Characteristics Examples
Glycoresins Resins in Podophyllum,
combination with Jalap, Ipomoea,
sugar compounds via Colocynth
Glycosidal linkages
HO CH
5 11 O C 5H
11
Cannabidiol-carboxylic acid
Cannabinol
OH OH
O CH HO C 5H
5 11
11
Tetrahydrocannabinol
Cannabidiol
OH
CH
5 11
Cannabichromene
Cannabis
Uses:
• Tonic
• Sedative and narcotic Strong
analgesic
• Intoxicant
• Stomachic
• Antispasmodic
• Anxiolytic
• Anti-convulsant
• Anti-tussive
• Anticancer
Oleo-resins: Ginger
Synonym:
• Zingiber, Saunth,
Rhizome zingiberis.
Biological source:
• It is the oleoresin obtained
by the method of
percolation of the
powdered rhizomes of
Zingiber officinale , belonging
to the Family: Zingiberaceae.
Oleo-resins: Ginger
Preparation:
• The rhizomes are sliced, dried and
powdered. The powdered ginger is
extracted either with acetone or ether or
ethylene dichloride by the method of cold
percolation repeatedly till the gingerin is no
longer present in the marc.
• The solvent is removed by distillation
under reduced pressure.
• Ethanol gives the max yield of the oleoresin.
Oleo-resins: Ginger
Characteristic Features:
• It is a dark brown, aromatic and pungent
viscous liquid.
Chemical Constituents:
• Ginger contains volatile oil (1-3%), which
comprises of zingiberene,α-curcumene,
β- sesquiphellandrene and β-bisabolene.
• The oleooresin contains the pungent
gingerols and shogaols.
• Starch (50%)
Oleo-resins: Ginger
Oleo-resins: Ginger
Uses
• Rhizome is aromatic and pungent so is used as
a condiment and flavoring agent.
• Treats flatulence and colic, stimulant,
anti- emetic,
• lowers blood cholesterol,
• anti-hypertensive
• The oil is used in the food and
perfume industries.
• Reduces pain associated with inflammation
in arthritis
Oleo-resins: Capsicum
Synonyms:
•Sweet chillies, Red Peppers,
Spanish pepper, Mirch,
paprika Biological Source:
•Dried ripe fruits of Capsicum
fruitescens (African chillies),
Capsicum annuum (var.
conoides) (Tabasco pepper) or
Capsicum annuum (var. longum
) (lonusiana pepper).
Family:
Solanaceae
Oleo-resins: Capsicum
Preparation
• Capsaicin, the oleoresin from capsicum is prepared
by extracting the crushed fruit with either hot
acetone or hot ethanol by the method of percolation.
• The solvent i.e., hot ethanol or acetone is
evaporated on an electric-water bath in a
fume-cupboard.
• The resulting residue is once again subjected to
successive extraction with cold acetone or ethanol
until the residue is free from the pungent odour.
• The solvent is removed and the capsaicin collected
Oleo-resins: Capsicum
Chemical Constituents:
• The capsicum contains 8-12% of an oleoresin
capsaicin
• a red colouring principle known as capsanthin
as given below:
Oleo-resins: Capsicum
Uses
• Powerful stimulant
• Condiment
• Treatment of addiction (relaxes dilated
blood vessels)
• Analgesic (pain management of
neuralgia, migraine, lumbago, arthritis)
• Counter-irritant
• Used in scarlatina, hoarseness, yellow fever
and dyspepsia
Oleo-resins:
Turpentine
Synonyms
• Gum turpentine; Gum thus.
Biological Source
• Turpentine is the oleoresin obtained from
(Siam- Thailand
benzoin)
Balsams-Benzoin
Preparation:
• Benzoin is also a pathological
product that is obtained by
incising a deep-cut in the bark.
• It is pertinent to mention
here that in pharmacy, only
the Sumatra Benzoin is used.
Balsams-Benzoin
Chemical Constituents :
(a) Sumatra Benzoin:
• free balsamic acids, largely cinnamic acid (10%),
benzoic acid (6%)-along with their
corresponding ester derivatives.
• triterpene acids, namely: 19-hydroxyloleanolic and
6- hydroxyoleanolic acids, cinnamyl cinnamate,
phenyl propyl cinnamate, phenylethylene
• traces of vanillin
(b) Siam Benzoin:
• coniferyl benzoate (60-70%), benzoic acid (10%),
Balsams-Benzoin
Uses:
1. Compound benzoin tincture is
benzoin tincture)
• Flavoring agent for cough syrup
• Used in perfumery and confectionaries.
Balsams-Stora
Synonyms:
x
• Styrax, Sweet oriental gum,
purified or prepared storax,
Americal stroax, liquid
storax
Biological Source
• Storax is the balsam obtained
from the trunk of Liquidamber
orientalis, termed as
Levant Storax, or of L.
styraciflua
Balsams-Storax
Preparation
• The natural balsam storax is a pathological
product formed as a result of injury caused to
the plant.
• It generally, exudes into the natural pockets
between the bark and the wood and may be located
by excrescences on the outer side of the bark.
• The crude storax, thus collected,is further
• purified by dissolving in ethanol, filtration and
subsequent evaporation of the solvent to obtain
the pure storax.
Balsams-Storax
Constituents
• It consists of two resinous alkaloids
– α- storesin
– Β- storesin
• Also contain cinnamic acid and benzoic acid and
their esters (ethyl cinnamate and cinnamyl
cinnamate)
Uses
• Anti-septic
• Expectorant
• Used for preparing benzoin tincture
• Also employed in cancer treatment