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0-Network Fundamentals

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6 views13 pages

0-Network Fundamentals

Uploaded by

redditisfunfunfun
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Agenda

• Introduction
• What is Networking?
• Benefits of Networking
• Network Topologies
• Networking Devices
• Network Protocols
• OSI Model
• IP Addressing
Introduction
A computer network is a collection of connected devices that
can communicate with each other and share information. It
allows computers, smartphones, and other gadgets to exchange
data, like sending messages or accessing websites. Networks use
rules called protocols to ensure smooth communication. Routers
and switches help direct data traffic within and between
networks. The Internet is the largest and most famous network,
connecting countless smaller networks worldwide.
Understanding network fundamentals helps us navigate the
interconnected world we live in today.
What is Networking?
Networking is the process of connecting computers
and devices together to enable them to communicate
and share information. It allows us to access the
internet, share files, and communicate with others.
Networking makes our interconnected world possible
and helps us stay connected in various ways.
Benefits of Networking
1. Communication
2. Resource Sharing
3. Internet Access
4. Easy File Sharing
5. Remote Work
6. Productivity
7. Centralized Management
8. Scalability
9. Entertainment & Communication
10. Backup & Recovery
Network Topologies

Bus Topology Star Topology


Network Topologies

Ring Topology Mesh Topology


Network Topologies

Tree Topology Hybrid Topology


Network Devices
Device Name Description Device sample

Router Connects different networks and directs data packets between them.

Connects devices in a local area network (LAN) and efficiently forwards


Switch
data packets to their intended recipients.

Connects multiple devices in a LAN but broadcasts data to all connected


Hub
devices, leading to more collisions.

Converts digital signals to analog signals for transmission over analog


Modem
communication lines like telephone lines.

Enables Wi-Fi connectivity in wireless networks, allowing devices to


Access Point (AP)
connect wirelessly.

Network Interface Card


Hardware component in devices that allows them to connect to a network.
(NIC)
Network Devices
Device Name Description
Repeater Extends the reach of a network by amplifying and regenerating signals.

Bridge Connects two or more network segments, allowing them to communicate as a single network.

Firewall Monitors and filters network traffic based on security rules, protecting the network from unauthorized access.
Network Attached Storage
Storage device connected to the network, providing a centralized location for file storage and access.
(NAS)
Load Balancer Distributes network traffic evenly across multiple servers to ensure optimal performance and prevent overload.

Proxy Server Acts as an intermediary for client requests, handling responses on behalf of clients and providing various features.

Wireless Controller Manages multiple wireless access points, ensuring seamless roaming and centralized network management.

Network Analyzer (Packet


Captures and analyzes network traffic for troubleshooting, monitoring, and security analysis.
Sniffer)
VoIP Phone (Voice over
Uses the internet for phone calls, converting voice signals into digital data packets.
Internet Protocol)
Network Devices
Device Name Description
Media Converter Bridges network connectivity between different media types, such as fiber-optic and copper Ethernet.

Network Printer Connected directly to the network, allowing multiple users to print from different devices without direct connections.

Virtual Private Network


Provides secure remote access to a network by creating encrypted tunnels over the internet.
(VPN) Concentrator
Content Switch Directs incoming network traffic based on content, optimizing the distribution of web traffic in server farms.
Intrusion Detection System
Monitors network traffic for suspicious activity.
(IDS)
Intrusion Prevention System
Actively blocks and prevents potential threats in real-time.
(IPS)
Network Time Protocol
Synchronizes time across devices and networks for accurate timestamps and coordination.
(NTP) Server
Unified Threat Management
Combines multiple security features into one device, providing comprehensive network security.
(UTM) Appliance
Network-Attached UPS Provides power backup and protection to network devices during power outages or fluctuations.
Sample of Network Protocols

1.Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)


2.Internet Protocol (IP)
3.User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
4.Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
5.Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)
6.File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
7.Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
8.Domain Name System (DNS)
9.Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
10.Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
OSI Model
IP Addressing

IP addressing is a system to uniquely identify devices on a network.


1.IPv4 and IPv6 are the two main versions of IP addresses.
2.IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses, and IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses.
3.IP addresses can be public (routable over the internet) or private
(used within a private network).

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