ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION AND AC

Single Type
1. Rate of increment of energy in an inductor with time in series
LR circuit getting charge with battery of e.m.f. E is best
represented by: [inductor has initially zero current]
du du
(A) dt (B) dt

t t
du
du
dt
(C) (D) dt

t t
Ans: (A)
Rate of increment of energy in inductor
d 1 2
= du
dt
=  Li  = Li
dt  2 
di
dt

Current in the inductor at time t is:

 – 
t t
 di i0 –
i=i 
0 1 – e 
 
and di
= 
e 

 
t t
du Li 02 – –

dt
= 
e  ( 1– e ) 

du
dt
= 0 at t = 0 and t =
Hence E is best represented by:
du
dt

1
2. A heavy block is attached to the ceiling by a spring that has
a force constant ‘k’. A conducting rod is attached to block.
The combined mass of the block and the rod is m. The rod
can slide without friction along two vertical parallel rails,
which are a distance L apart. A capacitor of known
capacitance C is attached to the rails by the wires. The entire
system is placed in a uniform magnetic field B. Find the time
period T of the vertical oscillations of the block. Neglect the
electrical resistance of the rod and all wires –
k
y

× × ×
rail × × × rail
B
× × ×

m  CB 2 L2 m 2  CBL
(A) 2
k
(B) 2
k

m 2  CB 2 L2
(C) 4
k
(D) None of these
Ans: (A)
A B
Bv

–q +q

Using Kirchoff ’s equation

q
C
– Bv = 0 [Where v
dy
dt
]
q = CBv
i = dq
dt
= CB dv
dt

Magnetic force on AB bar or block = Bi

2
 Fmag = B22C dv
dt
kx 

A B
mg

For initial equilibrium,

kx = mg ... (1)
k(x+y)
Fmag
y
mg

mg – k(x + y) – B22C dv
dt
= ma ... (2)
mg – kx – ky – B22Ca = ma
a = m  Bk Ca y
2 2

Comparing equation of a by a = – 2y

= k
m  B2 2C

2 m  CB 2 L2
T= 
= 2
k

3. A long solenoid of radius 2 cm has 100 turns/cm and is

surrounded by a 100 turn coil of radius 4 cm having a total
resistance 20. If current changes from 5 A to – 5A, find the
charge through galvanometer.

i i

(A) Zero (B) 800 µc

3
 (C) 400 µC (D) 600 µC
Ans: (B)
 = Br 2  = ddt = Nr2 dB
dt

= Nr20n dtdi
I = R and Q = It = NrR n t
2
0

Q = 100    (2 10
2 2
) 10 4  4 10 7 10
20
= 8 × 10–4c = 800 µC

4. How many meters of a thin wire are required to design a

solenoid of length 1m and L = 1mH? Assume cross-
sectional diameter is very small –
(A) 10 m (B) 40 m
(C) 70 m (D) 100 m
Ans: (D)
Length of the wire l = nl02r and L = µ0n2l0r2
or n =  lLr 2
0 0

L
Thus l=  0 l0 r 2
l02r
Ll0 4 10 3 1 4
2 r= 0
= 4 10 7
= 100 m

5. The magnet in fig. rotates as shown on a pivot through its

centre. At the instant shown, what are the directions of the
induced currents

4
 S

A B C D

(A) A to B and C to D (B) B to A and C to D

(C) A to B and D to C (D) B to A and D to C
Ans: (A)
N pole moves closer to coil CD and S pole moves closer to
coil AB on rotation of magnet.
According to Lenz's law, N pole should develop at the end
corresponding to C.
Induced current flows from C to D
Also S pole should develop at the end corresponding to B.
Induced current flows from A to B
Therefore the answer is (A).

6. In the given circuit the average power developed is –

L = 0.2 H R = 50 

~
V = 200 sin(250 t) volt

(A) 50 2 watt (B) 200 watt

(C) 150 2 watt (D) 200 2 watt
Ans: (B)
P = Vrms rms cos
P = Vrms VZ RZ rms

2
Vrms
= Z2
R

5
 Z= R 2  (L) 2 = (50 ) 2  (0.2  250 ) 2

= 2500  (50) 2 = 50 2

P=
2
 200 
  × 50
× 501 2
 2 50 2

= 200 watt

7. A 60 W/120 V bulb is connected to a 240/60 Hz supply with

an inductance in series. Find the value of inductance so that
bulb gets correct voltage –
(A) 2.3 H (B) 2 3 H
(C)  H (D) 2 3

H
Ans: (D)
= 240  we require i = 0.5 A
2
R = (120
60
)

or |Z| = 480 
XL = 480  240 = 240 3 
2 2

240 3
L = 60  2
= 2. 3 H

8. An inductor 10 60º is connected to a 5 resistance in

series. Find net impedance –
5 r XL

(A) 15  (B) 12 
(C) 13.2  (D) 18 
Ans: (C)
XL
10 = r  X and
2 2
L
r
= tan 60

6
 10 = r  (r 3 ) or r = 5  XL = 5 3 
2 2

Z = (5  5)  (5  3 ) = 175 = 13.2 
2 2

tan  = RX r = 5103

L

or  = tan–1  3 

.
 2 

9. An alternating voltage E = 200 2 sin (100 t) V is connected

to a 1F capacitor through an ac ammeter. The reading of
ammeter will be -
(A) 10 mA (B) 50 mA
(C) 20 mA (D) 40 mA
Ans: (C)
E0 = 200 2 V and  = 100 rad./s
So Xc = 1c = 1 6 = 104
100 10

As ammeter reads rms value of current

 Irms = E rms
Z
= E0
 2 X c

200 2
=
2 10 4

= 20 mA

10. A 100 volt AC source of frequency 500 Hz is connected to

a L–C-R circuit with L = 8.1 mH, C = 12.5 F and R = 10
, all connected in series. The potential difference across the
resistance is -
(A) 100 V (B) 200 V
(C) 300 V (D) 400 V

7
Ans: (A)
Z = R 2  X L  XC 2
Here, XL = 2fL = 2 × 3.14 × 500 × (8.1 × 10–3) = 25.4 
and XC 2 1f C = 1
6
= 25.4 
2  3.14  500 12.5 10

 Z = 102  25.4  25.42 = 10 

100
Now irms = E rms
Z
= 10
= 10 A
 VR = irms × R
= 10 × 10
= 100 V

Multiple Correct Type

11. A rectangular wire frame rotates with a constant velocity
around one of its sides parallel to a current carrying &
rectilinear conductor nearly as shown in diagram –
i
O

(A) When rectangular wire frame is in the plane passing

through rectilinear conductor flux linked through
rectangular wire frame is minimum

8
 (B) When rectangular wire frame is in the plane passing
through rectilinear conductor emf induced in rectangular
wire frame is minimum
(C) When rectangular wire frame is in plane perpendicular
to the plane passing through conductor then, emf is
maximum
(D) When rectangular wire frame is in plane perpendicular
to the plane passing through conductor then, flux is
minimum
Ans: (B, C, D)
Top view
B
O

Flux is maximum
V
B
O

B & V are parallel so no induced emf

B

Flux is zero
B

V
O

Angle between B & V is 90°. So max. induced emf.

9
12. An aluminium ring B faces an electromagnet A. The current
i through A can be altered -
A B

(A) If i increase, A will repel B (B) If i increases, A will

attract B
(C) If i decreases, A will attract B (D) If i decreases, A will
repel B
Ans: (A, C)
B

When i is increased flux through B increased therefore

according to Lenz law current induced in B will produced in
such a way that it will go away from electromagnet, similarly
when current is decreased then B will come near to A.

13. In the figure shown, 'R' is a fixed conducting fixed ring of

negligible resistance and radius 'a'. PQ is a uniform rod of
resistance r. It is hinged at the centre of the ring and rotated
about this point in clockwise direction with a uniform
angular velocity . There is a uniform magnetic field of
strength 'B' pointing inwards, 'r' is a stationary resistance,
then -



P Q
r
R

(A)Current through 'r' is zero

10
 2Ba 2
(B) Current through 'r' is 5r

(C) Direction of current in external 'r' is from centre to

circumference
(D) Direction of current in external 'r' is from circumference
to centre
Ans: (B, D)
Equivalent circuit

r/2  r/2
x x

r

x
B  r 2 B a 2
Induced emf e = 2

2

(Radius = a)
By nodal equation, nodal
4  x r e    x r 0  = 0
   

5 x = 4e
x 2Ba 2
x = 4e/5 and i = r

5
 4e 
 e
i   
 r  r 4 5r 

14. The wire as shown in figure is bent in the shape of a tent,

with  = 60º and L = 1.50 m and is placed in a uniform
magnetic field of magnitude 0.300 T perpendicular to the
table top. The wire is rigid but hinged at points a and b. If
the tent is flattened out on the table in 0.100 sec, then –

11
 
B
b
L L
a

LL
L
L Table top

(A) Average induced emf in the wire during this time is 6.75
V
(B) Average induced emf in the wire during this time is
clockwise
(C) Average induced emf in the wire during this time is
anticlockwise
(D) Average induced emf in the wire during this time is 2.75
V
Ans: (A, B)
L


2L cos 

i = 2Lx cos  B

f = 2L2B
 = 2L2B [cos  – 1]
  1]L
e = t = 2LBx [cos
0.1
2 1.5  0.3[0.5] 1.5
= 0.1

= – 6.75 volt clockwise

12
15. A variable voltage V = 2t is applied across an inductor of
inductance L = 2 Henry as shown in figure. Then -
V = 2t

(A) current versus time graph is a parabola

(B) energy stored in magnetic field at t = 2s is 4 joule
(C) potential energy at time t = 1 s in magnetic field is
increasing at a rate of 1 J/s
(D) energy stored in magnetic field is zero all time
Ans: (A, B, C)
V = Ldi
dt
 2t = 2 × di
dt

C+ t2
2
=ii= t2
2

(A) is correct
t4
U = 12 Li = 12 ×2 × 4
= 4 joule
(B) is correct
2
dU
dt
= Li dtdi = 2 × t2 × t = 1 j/s
(C) is correct

2
16. In the circuit shown, resistance R = 100, inductance L = 

H and capacitance C = 8 µF are connected in series with an

13
 ac source of 200volt and frequency 'f '. If the readings of the
hot wire voltmeters V1 and V2 are same then -
V1 V2
R

L C

(A) f = 125 Hz (B) f = 250 Hz

(C) current through R is 2A (D) V1 = V2 = 1000 volt
Ans: (A, C, D)
V1 = V2 XL = XC  f = 1 = 125Hz
2 LC

I0 = V0
R
= 200
100
X=0Z=R
I0 = 2A
V1 = V2 = I = IL = 2 × 2 × 125 × 2 = 1000 volt

17. In the circuit shown in the figure R = 50, E1 = 25 3 volt

and E2 = 25 6 sin (t) volt where  = 100 s–1. The switch
is closed at t = 0 and remains closed for 14 minutes, then it
is opened
R

~ S
1 2

(A) The amount of heat produced in the resistor is 63000 J.

(B) The amount of heat produced in the resistor is 7000 J.
(C) If total amount of heat produced is used to heat 3 kg of
water at 20ºC, the final temperature will be 25ºC.

14
 (D) The value of direct current that will produce same
amount of heat in same time through same resistor will be
1.5 A.
Ans: (A, C, D)
1
I(t)  (I1  I 2 )
R
 25 3(1  2 sin wt)

Heat produced in one cycle

2 / 
3
 IR dt  J
2
0

Heat produced in 14 minutes

1
Q  14  60   63000 J
3
 Q = ms 
 = 5ºC
 Tf = 5 + 20 = 25ºC
and heat produced by direct current I2RT=Q

 I  1.5 .
RT

18. An LC circuit has capacitance C1 = C and inductance L1 =

L. A second circuit has C2 = C/2 and L2 = 2L and a third
circuit has C3 = 2C and L3 = L . All the three capacitors are
2
charged to the same potential V and then made to oscillate.
Then:
(A) Angular frequency of oscillation is same for all the three
circuits.
(B) Maximum current is greatest in first circuit

15
 (C) Maximum current is greatest in second circuit
(D) Maximum current is greatest in third circuit
Ans: (A, D)
Angular frequency   1
LC
Product of L and C is same for all the three circuits.
Therefore, angular frequency is same for all the three
circuits.
From conservation of energy
1 2 1
Li 0  CV 2
2 2
C
i 02  V 2
L
C
i.e., maximum current i0 
L
C
is maximum for third circuit. Therefore, maximum
L
current is greatest for third circuit.

19. In the diagram shown, the wires P1Q1 and P2Q2 are made to
slide on the rails with same speed of 5 m/s. In this region a
magnetic field of 1 T exists. The electric current in 9
resistor is –
× × × × × × ×
P1 P2
× × × × × × ×
4cm 2 2 9
× × × × × × ×
× ×Q1 × ×2 ×
Q × ×

(A) zero if both wires slide towards left

(B) zero if both wires slide in opposite direction
(C) 20 mA if both wires move towards left.
(D) 20 mA if both wires move in opposite direction
16
Ans: (B, C)
P1 P2

2 2 9

Q1 Q2

 = Bv
= 1 × 0.04 × 5
= 0.2 volt
i = R = 010.2
eq

i = 0.02 A
i = 2 × 10–2A = 20 mA

20. Two contours whose planes are parallel to each other and are
separated by a certain distance. Both are carrying current in
the same direction. A is fixed & B can be positioned in
different manner with respect to the first.

A B

Different positions are such that the plane of B tuned by 90º,

or by 180º, and in third case it is just moved parallel to itself
over a certain distance. One has to do work to bring B in any
of above positions. These works are W1 for 90º, W2 for 180º
and for third case W3. Among W1 W2, W3 -
(A) W1 is maximum & W3 is minimum (B) W2 is maximum
& W3 is minimum
(C) W3 is minimum (D) W2 > W1 > W3
17
Ans: (B,C,D)
That
W = I (2 – 1)
2 is final flux & 1 is initial flux
W1 = – I1, W2 = – 2I1, W3 = I 2 – 1)

Numeric Type
21. A series LCR circuit containing a resistance of 120 Ώ has
angular resonance frequency 4 × 105 rad/sec. At resonance
the voltage across resistance and inductance are 60 V and 40
V respectively. At what frequency (in 105) the current in the
circuit lags the voltage by 45○?
Ans: (8)
At resonance reactance X = 0
V 60 1
i   A
R 120 2
VL 40
As VL  iX L  iL or L 
i  1 
   4  10
5

2
L=0.2 mH
1 1 1 1
At resonance 0  or C  2  3
 F
LC 0 L 0.2  10  (4 10 )
5 2
32
XL  Xc
In LCR circuit, tan  
R
1
Or 1120   2  104  Or 2  6  105   16  1010  0
1
   106
2

6 105   6 10 5 2
 64 1010
Or   8 105 rad / s
2

18
22. A series LCR circuit with R = 20 Ώ, L = 1.5 H and C = 35
μF is connected to a variable-frequency 200 V ac supply.
When the frequency of the supply equals the natural
frequency of the circuit, what is the average power in Kw
transferred to the circuit in one complete cycle?
Ans: (2)
When frequency of supply is equal to natural frequency,
Then X  X .Z  R   X  X   R
L C
2
L C
2

V V 2 200  200
Pav  VI cos   V. 1  
R R 20
Pav  2000 watt  2kW

23. The magnetic field at all points within the cylindrical region
whose cross – section is indicated in the accompanying
figure starts increasing at a constant rate . The induced
electric field, E, satisfies
X X X
X X
X X X
X X X
X X X
X X
X X
X
X
R X
X
X X

E  rp (r < R) and E  r–q (r > R)

Where, r is the distance from the axis of the region. Find the
value of p + q.
Ans: (2)
Here, we shall discuss three situations i.e. when r lies inside,
at the surface and outside the region
CASE I: For r  R (inside):

19
 X X X
X X
X X
X R X
X r X
X X
X X

dB
Using, E  2 r   A
dt

 E  2r    r 2  

1
 E  r
2

 E  r,

So, E –r graph is a straight line passing through origin.

CASE II: At r = R (at the surface)
E  2 R    R 2  

R
 E 
2

CASE III: For r  R (outside)

E

X X
X
X X
X X
X
X
RX
r

dB
Using, E  2 r   A
dt

 E  2r   R 2   
R 2
 E 
2r
1
 E ; p + q = 2.
r

24. A non–conducting ring of radius R having uniformly

distributed charge Q starts rotating about x–x axis passing
through diameter with an angular acceleration  as shown in

20
 the figure. Another small conducting ring having radius a (a
<< R) is kept fixed at the centre of bigger ring is such a way
that axis xx is passing through its centre and perpendicular
to its plane. If the resistance of small ring is r = 1, find the
16  102
induced current in it in ampere. (Given q C, R = 1 m,
0

a = 0.1 m,  = 8 rad/s2)

x’ x
R

Ans: (8)
Rd
d


q q
dq  .Rd  .d
2R 2
dq qd
di  
T 2 2
q
di  .d
42
0 di(R sin ) 2
dB 
2R 3

0 sin 2   q 
 dB   2R
 2  d
 4 
0

 0 q
B
16R

 = Ba2
0 q
  a 2 .
16R
0 qa 2

16R
21
 d
|  |
dt
0qa 2
|  | .
16R
= 8 volt
8
i  = 8 A.
1

25. A uniform disc of radius r and mass m is charged uniformly

with the charge q. This disc is placed flat on rough horizontal
surface having coefficient of friction μ. A uniform magnetic
field is present in a cylindrical region (a > r) but varying as
kt3 as shown in figure. Find the time in second after which
the disc beings to rotate. (Given r = 1 m, m = 18 kg, q = 1 C,
μ = 0.1 , K = 4, g = 10 m/s2)
× B Disc

Ans: (2)

x
•
dx

x dB
E
2 dt
3Kxt 2
E
2

22
 3Kxt 2 2xdx
d   q.x
2 r 2

r
3Kt 2q 3
r 2 0
 x dx

3Kq.t 2 2
 .r .....(i)
4
Maximum torque due to friction force
d  dmgx
r
m 2
  2g 2  x 2 dx  mgr .....(ii)
r 0 3
3Kq.t 2 r 2 2
 mgr
4 3
8mg
t  2s .
9Kqr

26. The figure shows a RC circuit with a parallel plate capacitor,

before switching on the circuit plate A of the capacitor has a
charge – Q0, while plate B has no net charge. Now at t = 0,
the circuit is switched on. How much time (in second) will
elapse before the net charge on plate A becomes zero. (Given
C = 1 µF, Q0 = 1 mC, E = 1000 V and R = 2log103 ).
6

Ans: (2)
–Q0 + q –q
A B
2


At any time t charge q flow from plate B to plate A

Kirchoff's law
iR + 2q2CQ – E = 00

23
 2q  Q 0
dq
dt
R+ 2C
–E=0
R. dq
dt
= Q 0  2q
2Rc
+ E  dq
dt

Q 0  2q  CE
2RC
Q0 t

  2RC dt
1 1
dq 
Q 0  2q  2CE
0 0

t = RC loge  22CE Q
CE  Q
0

 0

Putting the value of

C, Q0, E and R we get t = 2sec.

27. A capacitor and Resistor are connected with an AC source

as shown in figure. Reactance of capacitor is XC = 3 and
resistance of resistor is 4 . Phase difference between current
I and I1 is approx ……. × 10–1 radian.
XC = 3

I1 R = 4

I
~
V=V0 sin t

Ans: (6)
Z=R–J×C
Z = 4 – 3J
Z = 5 tan  43  = 5  – 37º
 
V0 sin t
I= Z

I= V0
Z
sin t +  where tan  = 34   = 37º
4

3

Phase difference between

24
 I and I1 = 37º

28. An inductor coil, capacitor and an A.C. source of rms

voltage 24V are connected in series. When the frequency of
the source is varied, a maximum rms current of 6.0 A is
observed. If this inductor coil is connected to a battery of
emf 12V and of internal resistance 4the current will be
………... × 0.3 amp.
Ans: (5)
Current at resonance = VR  R  VI  246  4
Current by 12V battery RE r  412 4  1.5 A

29. In the given circuit, initially switch S1 is closed and S2 and

S3 are open. After charging of capacitor, at t = 0, S1 is open
and S2 and S3 are closed. If the relation between inductance
capacitance and resistance is L = 4CR2 then find the time (in
sec) after which current passing through capacitor and
inductor will be same.
(given R = ln2 m L = 2 mH)
S2 R

E R
S1
S3
R

Ans: (1)
After charging, charge on capacitor = C
25
 Now at t = 0 two circuits formed
1. Discharging of capacitor
q= C  e = C e  t / L  t / 2RC

 i1 = R e  t / 2 RC

2. Growth of current in L-R circuit

i2 = R 1  e 
 t / L

Now i1 = i2

R
e = 
 t / C
R
1  e  t / L
 …(1)
Given L = 4CR2
 2LR = 2RC = ln12
ln from equation (1) 2 e  t ln 2
=1
t ln2 = ln2
 t = 1sec.

30. A uniform disc of radius R having charge Q distributed

uniformly all over its surface is placed on a smooth
horizontal surface. A magnetic field B = Kxt2, where K =
constant, x is the distance (in metre) from the centre of the
disc and t is the time (in second) is switched on
perpendicular to the plane of the disc. The torque (in N - m)
acting on the disc after 15 sec. (Take 2 KQ = 1 S.I. unit and
R = 1 metre) in N - m is –
Ans: (3)
Consider a ring of thickness dx
Torque on this ring = QE × x
E × 2x =x2 × dBdt

26
E = x2 × 2Kxt – Kx2t

dx
x

Charge on ring = R 2
Q
× 2xdx
Torque on ring = R2Q x × K x2 t × xdx =
2
2KQ
R 2
x4t dx
R R
 2KQtx 5 
Total torque =  2KQ x4t dx =  2 
 R  5  0
2
R 0

2KQR 3 t
= 5
= 3 N- m

27