DERIVATIVE AND IT’S APPLICATION

A report submitted for the partial fulfillment of the requirements of the internal evaluation of Grade
XII in Mathematics prescribed by the National Examination Board.

Submitted by:
Bijan Paudel
Section: DH2
ID No: 29467

Submitted to:
Sushil Aryal
Department of Mathematics
Trinity International College
Dillibazar Height, Kathmandu
Nepal

September, 2024
 DECLARTION

I, hereby declare that the project work entitled “DERIVATIVE AND IT’S APPLICATION” under
the supervision of Mr. Sushil Aryal of Trinity International SS & College, Dillibazar, Kathmandu, is
done originally by me and not been submitted for the elsewhere for the award of any degree. All
sources of information have been specifically acknowledged by reference to the authors or
institutions.

Bijan Paudel

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 TRINITY INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE
Dillibazar Height, Kathmandu
Nepal

Department of Mathematics

LETTER OF RECOMMENDATION

The project work entitled “DERIVATIVE AND IT’S APPLICATION” by Master Bijan
Paudel, DH2, ID No.: 29467, under my supervision in Trinity International SS & College, Nepal,
is hereby submitted for the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the grade XII Science in
Mathematics. This project work has not been submitted in any other school or institution
previously for the award of Grade XII.

Mr. Sushil Aryal

Supervisor
Department of Mathematics
Trinity International College
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 ABSTRACT

This project explores the concept of derivatives and their practical applications in various fields. A
derivative helps us measure how something changes in relation to another, like how speed changes
over time. In this study, we look at how derivatives are used to find maximum and minimum values,
which is important for making decisions in areas like business, engineering, and economics. For
example, businesses can use derivatives to maximize profit or minimize costs. In physics, derivatives
are essential for understanding motion, such as calculating velocity and acceleration. In biology, they
help track the rate of population growth, while in finance, they assist in predicting market trends and
managing risks. By providing real-life examples and explaining key concepts, this project highlights
the importance of derivatives in problem-solving and decision-making across various disciplines.

Beyond optimization, derivatives are crucial in understanding dynamic systems. In physics, they
describe how objects move, making it possible to calculate velocity and acceleration. In biology,
derivatives are used to study rates of growth in populations or the spread of diseases. The financial
industry also relies on derivatives for risk management and pricing complex financial products.
Through examples and clear explanations, this project demonstrates how the mathematical concept
of derivatives has a wide range of applications that make a significant impact on various aspects of
modern life.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Titles Page No.

Declaration i

Letter of recommendation ii

Abstract iii

Table of content iv

1 .Introduction

1.1 Background of the study 1

1.2 Objectives of the study 1

2. Theory: Theory on limits, 2

3. Derivative and it’s applications

3.1 The tangent and normal to a curve 4

3.2 Maxima and minima point 5

3.3 Curve sketching 5

3.4 Rate measure 6

3.5 Numerical approximation 7

3.6 To find limits 7

4. Summary and conclusion 9

6. References 10

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 1. INTRODUCTION
Derivatives are a key mathematical concept in calculus that measure the rate of change of a function.
In simple terms, they allow us to understand how a quantity varies when another related quantity
changes. For example, the derivative of a position function gives us velocity, which tells us how fast
an object is moving at any given point in time.

1.1 Background of the study

The concept of derivatives, first introduced by mathematicians Sir Isaac Newton and Gottfried
Wilhelm Leibniz in the 17th century, is a fundamental part of calculus. Derivatives help us
understand the rate of change between variables, providing crucial insights into the behaviour of
functions and real-world phenomena. They are widely used to solve problems involving motion,
optimization, and changes in natural systems.

1.2 Objective of the study

This study seeks to explore the importance of derivatives and how they are applied to solve practical
problems across different disciplines. By understanding the application of derivatives, we can
appreciate how mathematical theories influence everyday life and decision-making processes.

The primary objective of the study are:

 To provide a clear and basic understanding of what derivatives are, including their
mathematical definition and the process of differentiation.
 To investigate how derivatives are applied in various fields such as physics, economics,
engineering, biology, and finance
 To analyse curve with the help of derivative

By achieving these objectives, this project aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the
importance and application of derivatives, making the concept accessible and relevant to real-world
scenarios.

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 4. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

This project provided a detailed exploration of derivatives, a fundamental concept in calculus that
describes the rate of change of functions. The project examined several key applications of
derivatives, including finding tangents and normals to curves, determining maxima and minima for
optimization, sketching curves, measuring rates of change, and solving limits using techniques like
L'Hôpital's Rule. Each application illustrates how derivatives are used to solve real-world problems
in fields such as physics, economics, engineering, and mathematics.

Derivatives are an essential tool in both theoretical and applied mathematics, providing critical
insights into the behavior of functions and their rates of change. By mastering the applications of
derivatives, such as optimization, curve analysis, and numerical approximations, we can solve
complex problems efficiently. The ability of derivatives to evaluate limits and model dynamic
systems further highlights their importance in various disciplines. Overall, this project demonstrates
how derivatives are not just abstract mathematical concepts but powerful tools with wide-ranging
practical uses.

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 6. REFERENCES

 https://www.britannica.com/
 https://www.cuemath.com/calculus/applications-of-derivatives/
 https://testbook.com/maths/applications-of-derivatives
 https://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/classes/calci/DerivAppsIntro.aspx
 https://chatgpt.com/

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