1

Arjuna JEE AIR (2024)

KTG & Thermodynamics DPP-01
SINGLE CORRECT QUESTIONS 7. Figure shows graphs of pressure vs density for an
1. When an ideal gas is compressed isothermally then ideal gas at two temperatures T1 and T2.
its pressure increases because :
(A) its potential energy decreases
(B) its kinetic energy increases and molecules
move apart
(C) its number of collisions per unit area with
(A) T1 > T2
walls of container increases
(D) molecular energy increases (B) T1 = T2
(C) T1 < T2
2. Which of the following is correct for the molecules (D) any of the three is possible
of a gas in thermal equilibrium ?
(A) All have the same speed 8. Suppose a container is evacuated to leave just one
(B) All have different speeds which remain molecule of a gas in it. Let nmp and nav represent the
constant most probable speed and the average speed of the
(C) They have a certain constant average speed gas, then
(D) They do not collide with one another. (A) nmp > nav (B) nmp < nav
3. Keeping the number of moles, volume and pressure (C) nmp = nav (D) none of these
the same, which of the following are the same for
all ideal gas? 9. The average speed of nitrogen molecules in a gas is
(A) rms speed of a molecule v. If the temperature is doubled and the N2 molecule
(B) density dissociate into nitrogen atoms, then the average
(C) temperature speed will be
(D) average of magnitude of momentum. (A) v (B) v 2
4. In a sample of an ideal gas the average momentum (C) 2 v (D) 4v
of a molecule depends on
(A) pressure 10. Four containers are filled with monoatomic ideal
(B) mass of gas gases. For each container, the number of moles, the
(C) number of moles mass of an individual atom and the rms speed of the
(D) none of these atoms are expressed in terms of n, m and vrms
5. The temperature at which the r.m.s velocity of respectively. If TA, TB, TC and TD are their
oxygen molecules equal that of nitrogen molecules temperatures respectively then which one of the
at 100ºC is nearly: options correctly represents the order?
(A) 426.3 K (B) 456.3 K A B C D
(C) 436.3 K (D) 446.3 K Number of n 3n 2n n
moles
6. A gas behaves more closely like an ideal gas at Mass 4m m 3m 2m
(A) low pressure and low temperature Rms speed Vrms 2 Vrms Vrms 2 Vrms
(B) low pressure and high temperature Temperature TA TB TC TD
(C) at all pressure and temperature (A) TB = TC > TA > TD (B) TD > TA > TC > TB
(D) none of these (C) TD > TA = TB > TC (D) TB > TC > TA > TD
 2

11. For a gas sample with N0 number of molecules, 16. The speeds of three molecules are 3V, 4V and 5V
function N(V) is given by: N(V) = respectively. Find their rms speed.
dN  3N0  2
=  V for 0 < V < V0 and N(V) = 0 for 17. At room temperature (300 K) , the rms speed of the
dV  V03 
molecules of a certain diatomic gas is found to be
V > V0. Where dN is number of molecules in speed
1930 m/s. Can you guess name of the gas ? Find the
range V to V+ dV. The rms speed of the molecules
temperature at which the rms speed is double of the
is:
speed in part one (R = 25/3 J/mol – k)
2 3
(A) V0 (B) V0
5 5 18. The average translational kinetic energy of nitrogen
(C) 2 V0 (D) 3 V0 gas molecules is 0.02 eV (1eV = 1.6 × 10–19 J).
Calculate the temperature of the of gas. Boltzmann
MULTIPLE CORRECT QUESTION constant k = 1.38 × 10–23 J/K.
12. For an ideal gas molecules the following quantities
having zero average values are. 19. A gas is filled in a rigid container at pressure P0. If
(A) velocity (B) momentum the mass of each molecule is halved keeping the
(C) kinetic energy (D) density total number of molecules same and their r.m.s.
speed is doubled then find the new pressure.
13. Consider a collision between an argon molecule
and a nitrogen molecule in a mixture of argon and 20. The molecules of a given mass of gas have r.m.s.
nitrogen kept at room temperature. Which of the speed 200 ms–1 at 27ºC and 105 Nm–2 pressure.
following are possible? When the absolute temperature is doubled and the
(A) The kinetic energies of both the molecules pressure is halved, then find rms speed of the
decrease. molecules of the same gas.
(B) The kinetic energies of both the molecules
increase 21. Find the number of molecules in 10 cm3 of an ideal
(C) The kinetic energy of the argon molecule gas at 0ºC and at a pressure of 2 × 10–5 mm of
increases and that of the nitrogen molecules mercury.
decrease. Take density of Hg = 13.6 g/cc and g = 10 m/s2, R
(D) The kinetic energy of the nitrogen molecules = 25/3 J/mol–K
increases and that of the argon molecule
decrease. 22. Butane gas burns in air according to the following
SUBJEVTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS reaction,
14. Find the average momentum of molecules of 2 C4H10 + 13 O2 ⎯⎯ → 10 H2O + 8 CO2.
hydrogen gas in a container at temperature 300 K.
Suppose the initial and final temperatures are equal
and high enough so that all reactants and products
15. A cubical container having each side as  is filled act as perfect gases. Two moles of butane are mixed
with a gas having N molecules in the container. with 13 moles of oxygen and then completely
Mass of each molecule is m. If we assume that at reacted. Find the final pressure (if the volume
every instant half of the molecules are moving remains unchanged and the pressure before reaction
towards the positive x-axis and half of the is P0)?
molecules are moving towards the negative x-axis.
Two walls of the container are perpendicular to the 23. Equal masses of air are sealed in two vessels, one
x-axis. Find the force acting on the two walls of volume V0 and the other of volume 2V0. If the
given? Assume that all the molecules are moving first vessel is maintained at a temperature 300 K
with speed v0 . and the other at 600 K, find the ratio of the pressures
in the two vessels.
 3

24. A cylinder contains gas at 2 × 105 Pa and 47ºC. The

cylinder is steadily heated. Neglecting any change
in its volume, find the temperature at which the
cylinder will break if the walls of cylinder can bear
a maximum pressure of 8 × 105 Pa.

25. At a pressure of 3 atm air (treated as an ideal gas)

is pumped into the tubes of a cycle rickshaw. The 28. A conducting cylinder whose inside diameter is
volume of each tube at given pressure is 0.004 m3. 4.00 cm contains air compressed by a piston of
One of the tubes gets punctured and the volume of mass m = 13.0 kg, which can slide freely in the
the tube reduces to 0.0008 m3. Find the number of cylinder shown in the figure. The entire
moles of air that have leaked out? Assume that the
arrangement is immersed in a water bath whose
temperature remains constant at 300 K .
temperature can be controlled. The system is
(R = 25/3 J mol–1 K–1)
initially in equilibrium at temperature ti = 20°C.
The initial height of the piston above the bottom of
26. A vessel contains 0.5 g of hydrogen and 0.8 g of
the cylinder is hi = 4.00 cm. Patm = 1 × 105 N/m2 and
5 3
oxygen. The volume of vessel is m while its g = 10 m/s2.
28
If the temperature of the water both is gradually
temperature is maintained at 300 K. Find the
pressure of the mixture. (Assuming no reaction increased to a final temperature tg = 100°C Find the
takes place between hydrogen and oxygen) hight hg of the piston (in cm) at that insane?
25
( MH2 = 2, MO2 = 32 & R = J/mol–K)
3

27. In given figure, A uniform cylindrical tube closed

at one end, contains a pallet of mercury 5 cm long. 29. In the above question, if we again start from the
When the tube is kept vertically with the closed end initial conditions and the temperature is again
downward, the length of the air column trapped is gradually raised, and weights are added to the
30 cm. Now the tube is inverted so that the closed piston to keep its height fixed at hi. Find the value
end goes up find the new length of the air column of the added mass when the final temperature
trapped. Atmospheric pressure = 75 cm of mercury. becomes tf = 100°C?
(Assume temperature remains constant in this
process)
 4

Answer Key
1. (C) 32000
18. ( K)
2. (C) 207
3. (C) 19. (2P0)
4. (D) 20. (200 2 ms–1)
5. (A) 21. (7.2 × 1012)
6. (B) 6P0
7. (A) 22. ( )
5
8. (C) 23. (1 : 1)
9. (C) 24. (1280K)
10. (C) 112
11. (B) 25. ( mole)
250
12. (AB) 26. (3850 N/m2)
13. (CD) 240
14. (zero) 27. ( cm)
7
 mv02  1492
15. ( N) 28. ( cm)
  293
320  13 
50 1+
293  4 
16. ( V) 29. ( kg)
3
17. (H2, 1200 K)

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 1

Arjuna JEE AIR (2024)

KTG & Thermodynamics DPP-02
SINGLE CORRECT QUESTIONS 5. Refer to fig. Let U1 and U2 be the changes in
1. Three closed vessels A, B, and C are at the same internal energy of an ideal gas in the processes A
temperature T and contain gases which obey the and B then
Maxwell distribution of speed. Vessel A contains
only O2, B only N2 and C a mixture of equal
quantities of O2 and N2. If the average speed of O2
molecules in vessel A is V1, that of the N2
molecules in vessel B is V2, the average speed of (A) U1 > U2 (B) U1 = U2
the O2 molecules in vessel C will be : (C) U1 < U2 (D) U1  U2
(A) (V1 + V2)/2 (B) V1
V 2U
(C) (V1V2)1/2 (D) 1 6. The quantity represents (where U = internal
2 fkT
energy of gas)
2. A certain gas is taken to the five states represented (A) mass of the gas
by dots in the graph. The plotted lines are (B) kinetic energy of the gas
isotherms. Order of the most probable speed vp of (C) number of moles of the gas
the molecules at these five states is : (D) number of molecules in the gas

MULTIPLE CORRECT QUESTION

7. In a mixture of nitrogen and helium kept at room
temperature. As compared to a helium molecule
nitrogen molecule hits the wall
(A) With greater average speed
(A) VP at 3 > VP at 1 = VP at 2 > VP at 4 = VP at 5 (B) with smaller average speed
(B) VP at 1 > VP at 2 = VP at 3 > VP at 4 > VP at 5 (C) with greater average kinetic energy
(C) VP at 3 > VP at 2 = VP at 4 > VP at 1 > VP at 5 (D) with smaller average kinetic energy.
(D) Insufficient information to predict the result.
SUBJEVTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
3PV 8. Find the temperature at which average speed of
3. The pressure of an ideal gas is written as E =
2 oxygen molecule be sufficient so as to escape from
. Here E stands for the earth? (Escape speed from the earth is 11.0
(A) average translational kinetic energy km/sec, R = 25/3 J-mol–1K–1).
(B) rotational kinetic energy
(C) total kinetic energy. 9. Find the average of magnitude of linear momentum
(D) None of these of a helium molecule in a sample of helium gas at
150 π K. Mass of a helium molecule = (166/3) × 10–
4. The quantities which remain same for all ideal
27
kg and R = 25/3 J-mol–1 K–1
gases at the same temperature is/are ?
10. The mean speed of the molecules of a hydrogen
(A) the kinetic energy of equal moles of gas
sample equals the mean speed of the molecules of
(B) the kinetic energy of equal mass of gas
helium sample. Calculate the ratio of the
(C) the number of molecules of equal moles of gas
temperature of the hydrogen sample to the
(D) the number of molecules of equal mass of gas
temperature of the helium sample.
 2

11. The following graph shows two isotherms for a 14. Show that the internal energy of the air (treated
fixed mass of an ideal gas. Find the ratio of r.m.s. as an ideal gas) contained in a room remains
speed of the molecules at temperatures T1 amd T2 ? constant as the temperature changes between day
and night. Assume that the atmospheric pressure
around remains constant and the air in the room
maintains this pressure by communicating with the
surrounding through the windows etc.

15. An insulated box containing a monoatomic gas of

12. 16 g of oxygen at 37ºC is mixed with 14 g of
molar mass M moving with a speed v0 is suddenly
nitrogen at 27ºC. Find the temperature of the
stopped. Find the increment in gas temperature as a
mixture?
result of stopping the box.
13. 0.040 g of He is kept in a closed container initially
at 100.0ºC. The container is now heated.
Neglecting the expansion of the container, calculate
the temperature at which the internal energy is
increased by 12 J.
 25 –1 
R = 3 J – mol – k 
–1
 3

Answer Key
1. (B) 10. (1 : 2)
2. (A) 11. ( 1: 2 )
3. (A) 12. (32°C)
4. (C) 13. (196ºC)
5. (B) fnRT f f
14. U= = PV = Patm 
6. (D) 2 2 2
7. (BC) Vroom = constant.
1452
8. ( 103 K) Mv02
25 15. ( T = )
3R
83
9. ( 10−23 kg-m/s)
3 10

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 1

Arjuna JEE AIR (2024)

KTG & Thermodynamics DPP-03
SINGLE CORRECT QUESTIONS 4. Pressure versus temperature graph of an ideal gas is
1. In the following figures (1) to (4), variation of as shown in figure.
P C
volume by change of pressure is shown. A gas is
taken along the path ABCDA. The change in
internal energy of the gas will be: B
D

A
(1) (2) T
Corresponding density (r) versus volume (v) graph
will be :

(3) (4)
(A) (B)

(A) positive in all cases from (1) to (4)

(B) positive in cases (1), (2) and (3) but zero in
case (4)
(C) negative in cases (1), (2) and (3) but zero in
(C) (D)
case (4)
(D) zero in all the four cases.
2. An ideal gas changes from state a to state b as
shown in Fig. What is the work done by the gas in 5. The process U = 0, for an ideal gas can be best
the process ? represented in the form of a graph:

(A)

A
P

(B)
B
(A) zero (B) positive V
(C) negative (D) infinite
3. A cyclic process ABCD is shown in the P–V (C)
diagram. (BC and DA are isothermal)

(D)

Which of the following curves represents the same

process? 6. In the following V-T diagram what is the relation
between P1 and P2 :
(A) (B)

(C) (D)
(A) P2 = P1 (B) P2 > P1
(C) P2 < P1 (D) cannot be predicted
 2

7. In a cyclic process shown on the P – V diagram the 10. In given figure, let W1 and W2 be the work done
magnitude of the work done is : by the gas in process A and B respectively then
(given change in volume is same in both process)

P −P 
2
(A)   2 1  (A) W1 > W2
 2 
(B) W1 = W2
 V − V1 
2
(B)   2 (C) W1 < W2

 2  (D) Nothing can be said about the relation between
 W1 and W2
(C) (P2 – P1) (V2 – V1)
4
(D) π(P2V2 – P1V1) 11. A mass of an ideal gas undergoes a reversible
isothermal compression. Its molecules will then
8. A fixed mass of an ideal gas undergoes changes of have compared with initial state, the same
pressure and volume starting at L, as shown in (i) root mean square velocity
Figure. (ii) mean mometum
(iii) mean kinetic energy
(A) (i), (ii), (iii) correct (B) (i), (ii) correct
(C) (ii), (iii) correct (D) (i) correct

12. When a system is taken from state ‘a’ to state ‘b’

Which of the following is correct : along the path ‘acb’, it is found that a quantity of
heat Q = 200 J is absorbed by the system and a work
W = 80J is done by it. Along the path ‘adb’, Q =
(A) (B)
144J. The work done along the path ‘adb’ is

(C) (D)

(A) 6J (B) 12 J
(C) 18 J (D) 24 J

9. In figure, P-V curve of an ideal gas is given. During 13. In the above question, if the work done on the
the process, the cumulative work done by the gas system along the curved path ‘ba’ is 52J, heat
abosrbed is
(A) –140 (B) –172 J
(C) 140 J (D) 172 J
(A) continuously increases
(B) continuously decreases 14. In above question, if Ua = 40J, value of Ub will be
(C) first increases then decreases (A) –50 J (B) 100 J
(D) first decreases then increases (C) –120 J (D) 160 J
 3

15. In above question, if Ud = 88 J, heat absorbed for 20. An ideal gas can be taken from initial state 1 to final
the path ‘db’ is state 2 by two different process. Let Q and W
(A) –72 J (B) 72 J represent the heat given and work done by the
(C) 144 J (D) –144 J system. Then which quantities is/are same in both
process (where U = internal energy of gas)
16. Ideal gas is taken through process shown in figure: (A) Q (B) W
(C) U (D) Q – W

21. A cyclic process of an ideal monoatomic gas is

shown in figure. The correct statement is (are) :
(A) In process AB, work done by system is
positive
(B) In process AB, heat is rejected out of the
system.
(C) In process AB, internal energy increases
(D) In process AB internal energy decreases and in
process BC internal energy increases.

17. In isothermal process if heat is released from an (A) Work done by gas in process AB is more than
ideal gas then, that of the process BC.
(A) the internal energy of the gas will increase (B) net heat energy has been supplied to the
(B) the gas will do positive work system.
(C) the gas will do negative work (C) temperature of the gas is maximum in state B.
(D) the given process is not possible (D) in process CA, heat energy is rejected out by
system.
18. In an isothermal expansion of an ideal gas. Select 22. A system undergoes a cyclic process in which it
wrong statement: absorbs Q1 heat and gives out Q2 heat. The
(A) there is no change in the temperature of the gas efficiency of the process is  and work done is W.
(B) there is no change in the internal energy of the Select correct statement:
gas W
(C) the work done by the gas is equal to the heat (A) W = Q1 – Q2 (B)  =
Q1
supplied to the gas
Q2 Q2
(D) the work done by the gas is equal to the change (C)  = (D)  = 1 −
in its internal energy Q1 Q1

MULTIPLE CORRECT QUESTIONS 23. In given figure, let U1 and U2 be change in
19. For an ideal gas of fixed amount, the initial pressure internal energy in process A and B respectively. Q
and volume are equal to the final pressure and and W be the net heat given and net work done by
volume. the system in the process A + B, then
(A) The initial temperature must be equal to the
final temperature
(B) The initial internal energy must be equal to the
final internal energy.
(C) The net heat given to an ideal gas in the
process must be zero
(D) The net work done by an ideal gas in the
process may be zero (A) U1 + U2 = 0 (B) U1 - U2 = 0
(C) Q – W = 0 (D) Q + W = 0
 4

24. The pressure P and volume V of an ideal gas both

decreases in a process.
(A) The work done by the gas is negative
(B) The work done by the gas is positive
(C) The temperature of the gas must decrease
(D) Heat supplied to the gas is equal to the change
in internal energy.
SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
31. A system absorbs 1000 cal of heat and does 1675 J
25. One mole of a gas expands with temperature T such
work. If J = 4.18 J/cal, then find the change in
that its volume, V = kT2, where k is a constant. If
internal energy of the system?
the temperature of the gas changes by 60º C then
find the work done by the gas? (R = 25/3 J/mol-K).
32. A cylinder fitted with a piston contains an ideal
26. Find the work done by gas going through a cyclic monoatomic gas at a temperature of 400 K. The
process shown in figure? piston is held fixed while heat Q is given to the
gas, It is found the temperature of the gas has
increased by 20 K. In an isobaric process the same
Q heat is supplied slowly to it. Find the change in
temperature in the second process?
27. An ideal gas is compressed at constant pressure of
105 Pa until its volume is halved. If the initial 33. In a thermodynamic process, pressure of a fixed
volume of the gas as 3.0 × 10–2 m3, find the work mass of a gas is changed in such a manner that the
done on the gas?
gas releases 20 J of heat and 8 J of work is done on
28. Find the work done by an ideal gas during a closed the gas. If initial internal energy of the gas was 30
cycle 1 → 4 → 3 → 2 → 1 shown in figure if J, what will be the final internal energy?
P1 = 105 Pa, P0 = 3 × 105 Pa, P2 = 4 × 105 Pa,
V2 – V1 = 10 litre, and segments 4-3 and 2-1 of the
34. A diatomic gas does 80 J of work when expanded
cycle are parallel to the V-axis ?
isobarically. Find the heat given to the gas during
this process?

35. The average degree of freedom per molecule for a

gas is 6. The gas performs 25 J of work when it
expands at constant pressure. Find the heat
29. Find the expression for the work done by a system absorbed by the gas?
undergoing isothermal compression (or expansion)
from volume V1 to V2 at temperature T0 for a gas 36. A gas under constant pressure of 4.5 × 105 Pa when
which obeys the van der waal's equation of state, subjected to 800 kJ of heat, changes the volume
(p + an2 / V2)(V – bn) = nRT ? from 0.5 m3 to 2.0 m3. Find the change in internal
30. In given figure, when a thermodynamic system is energy of the gas?
taken from state A to state B via path ACB, 100 cal
of heat given to the system and 60 cal work is done 37. When 1 g of water at 0ºC and 1 × 105 N m–2 pressure
by the gas. Along the path ADB, the work done by is converted into ice of volume 1.091 cm3, find the
the gas is 20 cal. Find the heat flowing into the
work done by water? (w = 1 gm/cm3)
system in this case?
 5

38. An ideal gas is taken through a cyclic 42. In given figure, An ideal gas a gas is taken through
thermodynamic process through four steps. The a cyclic process ABCA, calculate the value of
amounts of heat involved in these steps are mechanical equivalent of heat (J) when 4.8 cal of
Q1 = 5960 J, Q2 = –5585 J, Q3 = –2980 J and heat is given in the process ?
Q4 = 3645 J respectively. The corresponding works
involved are W1 = 2200 J, W2 = –825 J,
W3 = –1100 J and W4 respectively.
(i) Find the value of W4.
(ii) What is the efficiency of the cycle?

39. In given figure, gas is slowly heated for sometime. 43. An ideal gas is taken through the process ABC as
During the process, the increase in internal energy shown in figure. If the internal energy of the
of the gas is 10 J and the piston is found to move substance decreases by 10000 J and a heat of 7159
out by 25 cm, then find the amount of heat supplied. cal is released by the system, calculate the value of
The area of cross-section of cylinder = 40 cm2 and mechanical equivalent of heat (J).
atmospheric pressure = 100 kPa

40. A gas is initially at a pressure of 100 kPa and its 44. In given figure, one mole of an ideal gas ( = 7/5)
volume is 2.0m3. Its pressure is kept constant and is taken through the cyclic process ABCDA.
the volume is changed from 2.0m3 to 2.5m3. Its 25
Take R = J/mol–K
volume is now kept constant and the pressure is 3
increased from 100 kPa to 200 kPa. The gas is (a) Find the temperature of the gas in states A, B,
brought back to its initial state, the pressure varying C and D.
linearly with its volume. (a) Whether the net heat is (b) Find the amount of heat supplied/released in
supplied or extracted from the gas in the complete processes AB, BC, CD and DA.
cycle? (b) How much heat was supplied or (c) Find work done by gas during cyclic process.
extracted?

41. Find the change in the internal energy of 2kg of

water as it is heated from 0ºC to 4ºC. The specific
heat capacity of water is 4200 J/kg-K and its
densities at 0ºC and 4ºC are 999.9kg/m3 and 1000
kg/m3 respectively. Atmospheric pressure = 105 Pa.
 6

Answer Key
1. (D) 26. (–100 πJ)
2. (A) 27. (1500 J)
3. (A) 28. (750 J)
4. (B)  V − nb  2  V1 − V2 
29. (nRT0 n  2  + an  )
 V1 − nb 
5. (B)
 V1V2 
6. (C)
30. (60 cal)
7. (C)
31. (+ 2505 J)
8. (B)
32. (12 K)
9. (A)
33. (18 J)
10. (C)
34. (280 J)
11. (A)
35. (100 J)
12. (D)
36. (125 KJ)
13. (B)
37. (0.0091 J)
14. (D)
208
15. (B) 38. ((i) 765 J; (ii) )
16. (B) 1921
17. (C) 39. (110 J)
18. (D) 40. ((a) extracted; (b) 25000 J)
19. (ABD) 41. ((33600 + 0.02) J)
20. (CD) 25
42. ( J/cal)
21. (BD) 6
22. (ABD) 30000
43. ( = 4.19 J/cal)
23. (AC) 7159
24. (AC) 44. ((a) 120 K, 240 K, 480 K, 240 K, (b) 3500 J, 5000
25. (1000 J) J, 7000 J, 2500 J (c) –1000 J)

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