STUDY GUIDE MODULE NO.

PHASES AND PROCESS OF CURRICULUM

DEVELOPMENT
OVERVIEW:

This module explores the principles and practices of curriculum planning, a systematic and intentional process of
designing, developing, and implementing educational content to meet specific goals and objectives. The module
will delve into the four essential elements of curriculum design: curriculum objectives, content or subject matter,
learning experiences, and evaluation. Students will learn about different curriculum design models, including
subject-centered, learner-centered, and problem-centered approaches, and how to apply these models to create
effective learning experiences. The module will also examine the importance of curriculum organization and
design, including the CIPP Model, which provides a structured approach to evaluating curriculum effectiveness
and making necessary adjustments for continuous improvement.

OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the module, the students are expected to:

a. define the concept of curriculum planning and its importance in educational settings.
b. analyze their own attitudes towards curriculum planning and identify ways to develop a more critical and
reflective approach to designing educational content; and
c. identify different types of curriculum and analyze the key elements and components that contribute to effective
curriculum design.

LEARNING CONTENTS:

Curriculum planning is the systematic and intentional process of designing, developing, and
implementing a curriculum. It involves making decisions about what students should learn, how they will learn it,
and how their learning will be assessed.
Curriculum planning is the process of identifying and organizing the instructional material that the course
will follow. A curriculum designer makes decisions about what the students will be learning and how to deliver that
material to the students. After analyzing curriculum options, one is selected that is representative of the school’s
mission.

ELEMENTS OF CURRICULUM

1. Curriculum Objectives
- Curriculum planning begins with clearly defining the goals and objectives for a particular course, subject, or
program. These goals should be aligned with broader educational standards and the needs of the students and
society.
- Objectives define the goals, vision, and mission of the curriculum, specifying what is to be achieved.
- They are often derived from state standards and broken down into specific, measurable objectives.
- Factors influencing objective formulation include societal needs, knowledge base, learner characteristics, and
the learning process.
- What do we want students to know, understand, and be able to do?

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- What are the desired learning outcomes?

2. Content or Subject Matter

- Once the goals are established, the curriculum planner selects the content and resources that will be used to
achieve those goals. This involves considering the age, developmental level, and interests of the students, as well
as the availability of resources.
- Content refers to the knowledge and information students acquire during a course.
- Selecting content involves considering factors like available resources, societal demands, international needs,
learner age and level, and teaching staff qualifications.
- Organizing content requires ensuring balance, articulation, sequence, integration, and continuity.
- What knowledge, skills, and concepts will be taught?
- What materials and resources will be used?

3. Learning Experiences (Methods of Delivering Knowledge)

- Curriculum planning involves designing engaging and effective learning experiences that will help students
achieve the desired outcomes. This may involve a variety of teaching methods, such as lectures, discussions,
group work, projects, and technology-based activities.
- Learning experiences encompass teaching strategies, methods, and learning environments.
- They involve the interaction between learners and external conditions, fostering active student involvement.
- Principles for selecting learning experiences include providing opportunities for practice, ensuring satisfaction,
aligning with learner needs and abilities, offering diverse experiences, and achieving multiple learning outcomes.
- How will students learn the content?
- What teaching methods and strategies will be used?

4. Curriculum Evaluation
- Curriculum planning is not a one-time event. It is an ongoing process that involves implementing the curriculum,
monitoring its effectiveness, and making adjustments as needed. Evaluation can be done through a variety of
methods, such as student surveys, teacher feedback, and data analysis.
- Evaluation assesses the quality, effectiveness, and worth of the curriculum.
- It focuses on design, implementation, and outcomes, providing feedback for improvement.
- Evaluation helps determine whether objectives have been met, assess teaching strategies, and identify areas
for modification.
- How will the curriculum be put into practice?
- How will the effectiveness of the curriculum be monitored and evaluated?

CURRICULUM DESIGN AND ORGANIZATION

Curriculum Design and Organization refers to the process of planning, developing, and structuring a
curriculum to meet educational goals and objectives. It involves determining what knowledge, skills, and
experiences students should acquire, as well as how the curriculum will be structured and delivered. Curriculum
Design pertains to the systematic organization of the four elements of the curriculum. These elements are the
goals, aims, and objectives, content, learning activities, and evaluation.
Curriculum design and organization play a crucial role in shaping educational experiences and outcomes
for learners. By carefully planning and organizing the content, learning objectives, instructional methods, and
assessments, educators can create meaningful and engaging learning opportunities that meet the needs and
goals of their students.

Importance of Curriculum Organization and Design

A well-structured curriculum ensures a logical progression of concepts that allowing students to build
upon prior knowledge and develop deeper their understanding. A strategically designed curriculum promotes

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engagement and motivation by adapting content and activities to meet diverse learning styles and needs.

APPROACHES TO CURRICULUM DESIGNING

Curriculum design refers to arrangement of the elements of a curriculum .

The four elements:

 Aims, goals, objectives
 Subject matter or content
 Learning activities
 Evaluation

CURRICULUM DESIGN MODELS

1. Subject- Centered Design

- Focuses on the content of the curriculum - Correspond mostly to the textbook because it is usually written based
on the specific subject or course
Examples:
1. Subject- design
2. Discipline design
3. Correlation design
4. Broad field design/ interdisciplinary

2. Learner- Centered Design - The learner is the center of the educative process.
Examples:
1. Child- centered design - It is anchored on the needs and interests of the child
2. Experience- centered design - Learners are made to choose from various activities that the teacher provide
3. Humanistic design - It considers the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains to be interconnected and
must be addressed in the curriculum.

3. Problem – Centered Design - Organizes subject matter around a problem , real or hypothetical, that needs to
be solved.
Examples:
1. Life- situation design - A unique design that organizes contents in a ways that allow student to clearly view
problem areas
2. Core problem design - It centers on general education and the problems are based on common human
activities

TYPES OF CURRICULUM DESIGN

1. Subject-Centered Curriculum
Subject-centered curriculum design is centered around a specific subject area or discipline, such as math
or biology, rather than focusing on individual students. This approach dictates the content to be studied and the
methods of study.
An example of subject-centered design is the core curriculum, which can be standardized across various
educational levels. In standardized core curricula, teachers are given a set list of topics to teach and guidelines on

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how to teach them. Subject-centered designs are also common in large college classes where instructors
concentrate on a particular subject or discipline.

2. Learner-Centered Curriculum Design

Learner-centered curriculum design takes into account the unique needs, interests, and objectives of
each individual. It recognizes the diversity among students and adapts to cater to their specific requirements. The
primary aim of learner-centered curriculum design is to empower learners by enabling them to influence their
educational journey through personalized choices.
Within this framework, instructional plans are tailored to accommodate these differences, offering
students the flexibility to select assignments, learning opportunities, or activities. This approach serves to inspire
and maintain student motivation and engagement with the subject matter.

3. Problem-Centered Curriculum Design

Similar to learner-centered curriculum design, problem-centered curriculum design is another type of
student-centered approach. Problem-centered curricula emphasize teaching students how to analyze and solve
problems. By engaging with real-world issues, students acquire skills that can be applied beyond the classroom.
This design enhances the curriculum's relevance and encourages students to be imaginative and
inventive in their learning process.

COMPONENTS OF CURRICULUM DESIGN

In designing curriculum, we must:
- Reflect on how parts are related with each other
- Consider a plan to shape the organization and its parts – parts should support the whole.
- Think of the philosophical and learning theories to determine if our basic beliefs regarding agreement with those
decisions are in people – what and how they should learn and how they should use their gained knowledge.

4 MAJOR COMPONENTS OF CURRICULUM DESIGN

1. Aims, goals and objectives, or simply objectives

- What needs to be done?
The Philippine education system is divided into three educational levels:
 Primary
 Secondary
 Tertiary

2. Content or subject matter

- What subject matter is to be included?
- Content (another term for knowledge)
- Compendium of facts, concepts, generalizations, principles, and theories.

3. Learning experience
- What instructional strategies, resources and activities will be employed?
- Instructional strategies and methods will link to curriculum experiences, the core and heart of the curriculum.
The instructional strategies and methods will put into action the goals and use of the content in order to produce
an outcome.

4. Evaluation
- What instruments and methods will be used to assess the results of the curriculum?
- To be effective, all curricula must have an element of evaluation. Curriculum evaluation refers to the formal
determination of the quality, effectiveness, and value of the program, product, or project. The most widely used
evaluation model is Stufflebeam’s CIPP Model. The process in the CIPP model is continuous and very important

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to curriculum managers.

CIPP MODEL

Content – environment of the curriculum

Input- ingredients of curriculum
Process- ways and means of implementing
Product- accomplishment of goals

SUMMARY

Curriculum planning is the deliberate process of designing and implementing educational content to
meet specific goals and objectives. It involves selecting what students should learn, how they will learn it, and
how their progress will be measured. The elements of curriculum design include setting clear objectives aligned
with educational standards, choosing relevant content and resources, creating engaging learning experiences
through various teaching methods, and evaluating the effectiveness of the curriculum through ongoing
assessment. Curriculum design models such as subject-centered, learner-centered, and problem-centered
approaches offer different perspectives on organizing educational content around subjects, individual needs, or
real-world issues. Effective curriculum organization and design ensure a logical progression of concepts, engage
students with diverse learning styles, and encourage critical thinking and problem-solving skills.
Various components, including aims, content, learning experiences, and evaluation, play a vital role in shaping
the educational experience and outcomes for learners.The CIPP Model, focusing on content, input, process, and
product, provides a structured approach to evaluating curriculum effectiveness and making necessary
adjustments for continuous improvement.

ACTIVITY 1

Identification

Direction: Read the text carefully. Write your answer on the space provided.

________1. This is the systematic and intentional process of designing, developing, and implementing a
curriculum.
________2. A unique design that organizes contents in a way that allow student to clearly view problem areas.
________3. It emphasizes teaching students how to analyze and solve problems.
________4. Child- centered design is anchored on the needs and interests of the?
________5. It is anchored on the needs and interests of the child.
________6. What is the most widely used evaluation model?
________7. It Refers to arrangement of the elements of a curriculum.
________8. Give one element of curriculum design.
________9. This is centered around a specific subject area or discipline, such as math or biology, rather than
focusing on individual students.
________10. What is the full acronym of CIPP?

REFERENCES

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https://blog.eduplanet21.com/5-key-elements-for-successful-curriculum-design
https://www.thoughtco.com/curriculum-design-definition
https://www.presentation/421832597/Components-of-Curriculum-Design
https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/components-of-curriculum
https://tophat.com/glossary/c/curriculum-design
https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-curriculum-planning. https://educarepk.com/elements-of-curriculum

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 REPORTERS:

Bondad, Cecilia
Bustoba, Uehycia Lee
Campos, Henielle
Candelario, Kyla
Costales, Vandolph
Castillo, Jhuresa

KEY ANSWER

ACTIVITY 1

1. Curriculum planning
2. Life situation design
3. Problem-Centered Curriculum Design
4. Child
5. Child-centered design
6. Stufflebeam’s CIPP Model
7. Curriculum design
8. Select one answer of the following choices:
 Aims, goals, objectives
 Subject matter or content
 Learning activities
 Evaluation
9. Subject-centerd curriculum design
10. Content Input Process Product

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