CHUYÊN ĐỀ 4: CONDITIONAL SENTENCE

1. Câu điều kiện loại 1

- Cách dùng:
+ Dự đoán một kết quả có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai nếu điều kiện được đáp
ứng.
+ Diễn tả lời cảnh báo
+ Diễn tả lời hứa
- Cấu trúc:
If -clause ( Mệnh đề điều kiện) Main clause( Mệnh đề chính)

Simple present Simple future

If + S + V / V (-s/es) S + will / shall + V

Chú ý: - Ở mệnh đề chính có thể dùng can, may, must thay cho will, shall
- Ở mệnh đề chính có thể dung dạng mệnh lệnh.
Ví dụ:
If you learn hard, you will pass any examination ( Nếu bạn học chăm, thì bàn sẽ đỗ bất
kì kì thi nào)
Lan can speak English fluently if she practices every day (Lan có thể nói tiếng Anh
trôi chảy nếu cô ấy luyện tập hằng ngày)
Come to visit me if you have spare time. (Đến thăm tôi nhé nếu cậu có thời gian rảnh)
2. Câu điều kiện loại 2
- Cách dùng:
+ Nói đến một điều không có thực ,hay khó có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai, ước
muốn ở hiện tại ( nhưng thực tế không thể xảy ra)
+ Dùng để khuyên hay đề nghị ai đó làm gì.
- Cấu trúc
If -clause ( Mệnh đề điều kiện) Main clause( Mệnh đề chính)
Simple past Future in past
If + S + V-2 / V-ed S + would + V
(were cho tất cả các chủ ngữ)
Chú ý - có thể dùng might, could thay cho would
Ví dụ : I would tell you the answer if I knew it myself ( Tôi sẽ nói cho bạn biết đáp án
nếu mà tôi tự biết)
If she had time, she could go to the movie now. ( Nếu cô ấy có thời gian, cô ấy có thể
đi xem phim vào lúc này)
Nhưng trong thực tế thì những việc trên không tồn tại: tôi không biết câu trả lời và cô
ấy cũng không có thời gian để đi xem phim.
3. Câu điều kiện loại 3
- Cách dùng: Nói về các sự kiện và kết quả không thể xảy ra trong quá khứ mang tính
ước muốn trong quá khứ ( nhưng thực tế không thể xảy ra).
- Cấu trúc:
If -clause ( Mệnh đề điều kiện) Main clause( Mệnh đề chính)
Past perfect Future in past
If + S + had + V-3 / V-ed S + would have + V-3 / V-ed

Chú ý: - có thể dùng might, could thay cho would tùy theo nghĩa của câu
VD: I would have spoken to Nam if I had seen him yesterday.
( Trên thực tế, hôm qua tôi tôi không thấy Nam và đã không có nói chuyện)
If he had tried hard last time, he could have succeeded
( Trên thực tế, lần qua anh ta không cố gắng và không thành công)

BÀI TẬP
1. If the train is late, we ………………….. to the office.
A. walk B. will walk C. would walk D. walks
2. She …………………….. if she has time.
A. calls B. would call C. will call D. calling
3. If it ……………………… too much, I will buy the smaller one.
A. costs B. will cost C. would cost D. cost
4. If the class. ………………………. full, we will find another one.
A. are B. will be C. were D. is
5. What will we do if the taxi ………………………..?
A. don’t come B. didn’t come C. doesn’t come D. had not
come
6. If it snowed this summer, we …………………… skiing.
A. goes B. will go C. would go D. go
7. If you drove more carefully, you ………………….so many accidents.
A. would not have B. will not have C. wouldn’t have had D. has
8. If he ……………………….. up earlier, he’d get to work on time.
A. gets B. will get C. got D. had got
9. I would tell you more about it if we ……………………………… more time.
A. has B. will have C. have D. had
10. If I ……………………..you, I wouldn’t worry about going to university.
A. am B. be C. were D. had been
11. If you ………………………… any money, I’d give you some.
A. hadn’t had B. haven’t had C. don’t have D. didn’t
have
12. You’d earn more money if you …………………. more products.
A. to sell B. sell C. sold D. will sell
13. If I ……………………. so busy yesterday, I would have visited you.
A. were not B. wasn’t C. aren’t D. hadn’t been
14. If you had seen the film, you …………………. it.
A. will enjoy B. would enjoy C. would have enjoyed D. enjoyed
15. She would have gone to the university if she ……………… the opportunity.
A. has B. will have C. had had D. had
16. If he had been more careful, he ……………………….. an accident.
A. would not have had B. will not have
C. does not have D. would not have
17. If you’d stayed at home, there …………………………. any trouble.
A. would not be B. will not be C. is not D. would not
have been
18. What would you do if he………………………. tomorrow?
A. resigned B. will resign C. resigns D. to resign
19. I’ll do it if he ………………………….. me.
A. asking B. will ask C. asked D. asks
20. I wouldn’t have believed it if I………………… it with my own eyes.
A. not to see B. didn’t see C. don’t see D.
hadn’t seen
Bài 2: Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc:
1. If I see him, I __________ (give ) him a gift.
2. If I had a typewriter, I __________ (type) it myself.
3. If I had known that you were in hospital, I __________ (visit) you.
4. You could make better progress if you __________ (attend) class regularly.
5. If I __________ (know) his telephone number, I’d give it to you.
6. If you __________ (arrive) ten minutes earlier, you would have got a seat.
7. If he worked more slowly, he __________ (not make) so many mistakes.
8. I shouldn’t drink that wine if I __________ (be) you.
9. If I __________ (find) a cheap room, I will stay a fortnight.
10. A lot of people __________ (be) out of work if the factory closed down.
11. I (have) plenty of money now if I (not/spend) __________so much yesterday.
12. If someone __________ (give) you a boat, what you __________ (do) ?
13. If you __________ (press) CTRL + S, you(save) the file.
14. The children __________ (be) happy if he __________ (teach) them English.
15. If she __________ (buy) a new hard disk, she __________ (not/ lose) all data.
Bài 3: Viết lại các câu sau sang dạng câu điều kiện thích hợp.
1. Keep silent or you’ll wake the baby up. → If you don't keep silent, you will
wake the baby up.
2. Stop talking or you won’t understand the lesson.
→ If…………………………………….....….…….
3. I don’t know her number, so I don’t ring her up.
→If…………………………………….....….……..
4. I don’t know the answer, so I can’t tell you.
→ If …………………………………………….………..
5. We got lost because we didn’t have a map.
→ If …………………………………….……..…….……
6. Susan felt sick because she ate four cream cakes.
→……………………………………………..……
7. Without this treatment, the patient would have died.
→……………………………………….….…...
8. He lost his job because he was late every day.
→………………………………………………...……
9. Peter is fat because he eats so many chips.
→……………………………………………………...…..
10. Robert got a bad cough because he started smoking cigarettes.
→………………………………..…..
Bài 4: Chọn đáp án đúng.
1. I would have visited you before if there _____ quite a lot of people in your house.
A. hadn't B. hadn't been C. wouldn't be D. wasn't
2. If you had caught the bus, you _____ late for work.
A. wouldn't have been B. would have been
C. wouldn’t be D. would be
3. If I _____, I would express my feelings.
A. were asked B. would ask C. had been asked D. asked
4. If _____ as I told her, she would have succeeded.
A. she has done B. she had done C. she does D. she did
5. Will you be angry if I _____ your pocket dictionary?
A. stole B. have stolen C. were to steal D. steal
6. You made a mistake by telling her a lie. It _____ better if you _____ to her.
A. would have been/ hadn't lied B. would be/ didn't lie
C. will be/ don't lie D. would be/ hadn't lied
7. John would be taking a great risk if he _____ his money in that business.
A. would invest B. invested C. had invested D. invests
8. She wouldn't have given them all that money if we _____ her to.
A. wouldn’t advise B. won't advise C. hadn't advised D. didn't
advise
9. If the tree hadn't been so high, he _____ it up to take his kite down.
A. could have climbed B. climb
C. is climbing D. climbed
10. If the wall weren't so high, he _____ it up to take his ball down.
A. climbed B. could climb C. is climbing D. climb
11. If I _____ her phone number, I _____ her last night
A. had known/ could have phoned B. knew/ would have phoned
C. know/ can phone D. knew/ could phone
12. If he ______ the truth, the police wouldn’t arrest him.
A. tells B. told C. had told D. would tell
13. If you press that button what _____?
A. would happen B. would have happened C. will happen D. happen
14. She says if she _____ that the traffic lights were red she _____.
A. had realized/ would stop B. realized/ could have stopped
C. has realized/ stopped D. had realized/ would have stopped
15. I am very thin. I think, if I _____ smoking, I might get fat.
A. stop B. had stopped C. will stop D. stopped
16. If I _____ that yesterday, I _____ them.
A. had discovered/ would inform
C. had discovered/ would have informed
D. had discovered/ could inform
C. discovered/ can inform
17. If you _______ to the course regularly, they ________ a certificate last year.
A. go/ gave B. go/ give
C. had gone/ would have given D. went/ would give
18. I think he is not at home. If he _____ in, he ______ the phone.
A. was/ answered
B. were/ would answer
C. were/ would have answered
D.had been/ would have answered
19. If I ______ in London now, I could visit British Museum.
A. were B. had been C. have been D. would
be
20. If Columbus _______ money from Queen Isabella, he _______ across the Atlantic.
A. do not receive/ could not sail
B. had not received/ might not have sailed
C. did not receive/ might not have sailed
D. would not receive/ might not sail
Bài 5: Chọn đáp án đúng A, B, C hoặc D
1. If I__________the same problem you had as a child, I might not have succeed in life
as well as you have.
A.have B. would have C. had had D. should have
2. ___________ more help, I would call my neighbor.
A. Needed B. Should I need C. I have needed D. I should need
3. If Jake __________ to go on the trip, would you have gone?
A.doesn’t agree B. didn’t agree C. hadn’t agreed D. wouldn’t agree
4. If someone _________ into the store, smile and say, “May I help you?”
A.comes B. came C. come D. should come
5. If she __________ him, she would be very happy.
A.would meet B. will meet C. met D. should
meet
6. If I had enough money, I ___________ abroad to improve my English.
A.will go B. would go C. went D. should have go to
7. If it _____________ convenient, let‟s go out for a drink tonight.
A. be B. is C. was D. were
8. The patient will not recover unless he_____________an operation.
A.had undergone B. would undergo C. undergoes D. was
undergoing
9. Peter: “Did you need help with your Math last night?”
Mary: “If I had needed, I_____________you".
A. would call B. called C. would have called D. will call
10. “Here’s my phone number”.
“Thanks. I’ll give you a call if I_______________some help tomorrow”
A. will need B. need C. would need D. needed
Bài 6. Choose the correct answer.
1. We’ll have lunch outside in the garden, _____ it’s too cold.
A. if B. unless C. in case D. should
2.John _____ win more races if he trained harder.
A. would B. will C. would have D. shall
3. If the machine _______, press this button.
A. stop B. stops C. would stop D. stoped
4. The lecturer didn’t know what he was talking about, but if Dr Mason _____ I would
have listened carefully.
A. lectured B. was lecturing C. would lecture D. had been
lecturing
5.I can’t understand what he sees in her! If anyone treated me like that, I _________
extremely angry!
A. am B. would be C. will be D. was
6.If you _____ up all the orange juice that was in that carton, you ought to go out and
get some more.
A. drank B. drinking C. drunk D. drink
7.Rachel will be pleased _________ she passes her driving test.
A. should B. will C. if D. unless
8. _____ you sooner had someone told me you were in hospital.
A. visited B. visit C. would have visited D. had visited
9.If you can give me one good reason for your acting like this, _____ this incident
again.
A. I don’t mention B. I will never mention
C. I never mention D. will I never mention
10.You can use my car ___________ you drive carefully.
A. unless B. as long as C. as soon as D. when
11.If everyone _____ an extra hour a day, it would greatly increase production.
A. work B. works C. working D. worked
12.If energy _____ inexpensive and unlimited, many things in the world would be
different.
A. is B. were C. will be D. would be
13.Don’t bother to ring me _________ it’s important.
A. unless B. in case C. if D. as
14.If you help me with this exercise, I ________do the same for you one day.
A. will B. would C. was D. am
15.According to the timetable, if the train _______ on time, we _______ arrive at 5.30.
A. leaves/ would B. left/ would C. leaves/ will D. was
leaving/ would
16.If I could speak Spanish, I _____ next year studying in Mexico.
A. will spend B. had spent C. would spend D. would
have spent
17.The bus won’t stop __________ you ring the bell.
A. if B. as soon as C. providing D.
unless
18.You’d better take a coat ________ it gets cold.
A. if B. in case C. as long as D. while
19.If you _____ to my advice in the first place, you wouldn’t be in this mess right now.
A. listen B. will listen C. listened D. had listened
20.If it _____ fine tomorrow, we will go to the coast.
A. will be B. was C. is D. Being
Bài 7: Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed to make the
sentence correct.
1. If someone came into the store, smile and say, “May I help you?”
A B C D
2. If you try these cosmetics, you look five years younger.
A B C D
3. If you do not understand what were written in the book, you could ask Mr. Pike.
A B C D
4. I will come to meet Mr. Pike and tell him about your problems if you didn’t solve
them
A B C D
yourself.
5. Sam will not graduate unless he doesn’t pass all the tests.
A B C D
6. If there isn’t enough food, we couldn’t continue our journey.
A B C D
7. Unless you pour oil on water, it will float.
A B C D
8. You have to take a taxi home if you want to leave now.
 A B C D
9. If anyone will phone, tell them I’ll be back at 11:00.
A B C D
10. We can hire a minibus if there will be enough people.
Bài 8: Choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions
1. If I ____________, I would express my feelings
A. were asked B. would ask C. had been asked D.
asked
2. If the weather _____________ nice, we will go camping tomorrow.
A. were B. is C. had been D. will
be
3. John would be taking a great risk if he __________ his money in that company
A. would invest B. invested C. had invested D. invests
4. If he ___________ the truth, the police wouldn’t arrest him.
A. tells B. told C. had told D. would
tell
5. If you press that button what ___________?
A. would happen B. would have happened C. will happen D.
happen
Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people ................. the same
language?
A. spoke B. speak C. had spoken D.will speak
If you can give me one good reason for your acting like this, ................. this incident
again.
A. I will never mention B. I never mention
C. will I never mention D. I don’t mention
8. Unless you ................. all of my questions, I can’t do anything to help you.
A. answered B. answer C. would answer D. are
answering
9. If someone ................. into the store, smile and say, “May I help you?”
A. comes B. came C. would come D. could come
10. “Here’s my phone number”.
“Thanks. I’ll give you a call if I ................. some help tomorrow”
A. will need B. need C. would need D. Needed