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Core Computer Science Concepts Notes

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8 views

Core Computer Science Concepts Notes

Uploaded by

chaudharyshahrukh4321
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Data Structures

Data Structures organize and manage data efficiently.

Key Types: Arrays, Linked Lists, Stacks, Queues, Trees, Graphs.

Arrays: Collection of items stored at contiguous memory locations.

Linked Lists: Elements connected by pointers, allows dynamic memory allocation.

Trees and Graphs: Represent hierarchical and networked data relationships.


2. Algorithms

Algorithms are step-by-step procedures to solve problems.

Sorting Algorithms: Bubble Sort, Merge Sort, Quick Sort, etc.

Search Algorithms: Linear Search, Binary Search.

Complexity: Analyzing algorithm efficiency using Big-O Notation.

Greedy, Divide and Conquer, and Dynamic Programming techniques.


3. Databases

Databases store and manage large volumes of data.

SQL: Structured Query Language for managing relational databases.

NoSQL: Non-relational databases for flexible, schema-free data.

ACID Properties: Ensure reliable transactions in databases.

Normalization: Organizing data to reduce redundancy and improve integrity.


4. Operating Systems

Operating Systems manage hardware and software resources.

Processes and Threads: Units of program execution, with multitasking.

Memory Management: Allocation, paging, and virtual memory concepts.

File Systems: Managing data storage and retrieval on drives.

OS Examples: Windows, Linux, MacOS, and mobile systems like Android and iOS.
5. Computer Networks

Networks allow data exchange between computers.

OSI Model: Seven-layer model describing network communication.

TCP/IP Model: Protocol suite for internet-based communication.

Common Protocols: HTTP, FTP, SMTP, DNS.

Network Security: Firewalls, encryption, and VPNs for secure data transmission.

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