Question 1.

Which subatomic particle is absent in an ordinary hydrogen atom?

Question 2.
J. Chadwick discovered a subatomic particle which has no charge and has mass
nearly equal to that of a proton. Name the particle and give its location in the atom.

Question 3.
Is it possible for the atom of an element to have one electron, one proton and no
neutron? If so, name the element.
Question 4.
Electron attributes negative charge, protons attribute positive charge. An atom has
both but why there is no charge?
Question 5.
Write the electronic configuration of an element whose atomic number is 12.
Question 6.
What do you understand by ground state of an atom?

Question 7.
What is the maximum number of electrons which can be accommodated in ‘N’ shell?

Question 8.
Write the correct representation of an element ‘X’ which contains 15 electrons and
sixteen neutrons.

Question 9.
What will be the valency of an atom if it contains 3 protons and 4 neutrons?

Question 10.
Which of the following pairs are isotopes?
(i) 84x209, 84x210
(ii) 90Z232,90Z231

Question 11.
Out of elements 17X34and 18Y40, which is chemically more reactive and why?

Question 12.
One electron is present in the outermost shell of the atom of an element X. What
would be the nature and value of charge on the ion formed if this electron is removed
from the outermost shell?

Question 13.
In the atom of an element X, 6 electrons are present in the outermost shell. If it
acquires noble gas configuration by accepting requisite number of electrons, then
what would be the charge on the ion so formed ?

Question 14.
Give two important applications of radioactive isotopes.

Question 15.
Which isotope of hydrogen is present in heavy water?

Question 16.
Chemical formula of a metal sulphate is MSO4. What will be the formula of its
chloride?

Question 17.
An element ‘A’ has valency +3, while another element ‘B’ has valency -2. Give the
formula of their compound formed when ‘A’ reacts with ‘B’.

Question 18.
Valency of an element X is 3. Write the chemical formula of its oxide.

Question 19.
Will 35Cl and 37Cl have different valencies? Justify your answer.

Question 20.
The atomic number of calcium and argon are 20 and 18 respectively, but the mass
number of both these elements is 40. What is the name given to such a pair of
elements?
Short Answer Questions—I
Question 1.
How do you know that nucleus is very small as compared to the size of atom?

Question 2.
Write two characteristics of the canal rays.

Question 3.
Write the electronic configuration of a positively charged sodium ion (Na +). Atomic
number of sodium is 11.
Question 4.
The electronic configuration of phosphorus atom is 2, 8, 5. Give the electronic
configuration of P3- ion.

Question 5.
The atomic number of Al and Cl are 13 and 17, respectively. What will be the
number of electrons in Al3+ and Cl–?

Question 6.
Write down the electron distribution of chlorine atom. How many electrons are there
in the L shell? (Atomic number of chlorine is 17).

Question 7.
Define valence electrons. Which electrons of an atom are involved in the chemical
bond formation with other atoms?

Question 8.
Why do helium, neon and argon have a zero valency?

Question 9.
Helium atom has 2 electrons in its valence shell but its valency is not 2. Explain..

Question 10.
Find out the valency of the atoms represented by the Figs. (a) and (b)

Question 11.
Identify the Na+ ion from the following figures. What is the valency of sodium atom?
Give reason.
Question 12.
Calculate the number of neutrons present in the nucleus of an element X which is
represented as 15X31

Question 13.
Why do isotopes show similar chemical properties?

Question 14.
An element ‘X’ has a valency 3(+):
(a) Write the formula of its phosphide.
(b) Write the formula of its carbonate.

Question 15.
An element ‘Z’ forms the following compound when it reacts with hydrogen, chlorine,
oxygen and phosphorous.
ZH3, ZCl3, Z2O3 and ZP
(a) What is the valency of element ‘Z’?
(6) Element ‘Z’ is metal or non-metal?.

Short Answer Questions-II

Question 1.
List any three distinguishing features between the models of an atom proposed by
J.J. Thomson and Ernest Rutherford.

Question 2.
In the gold foil experiment of Geiger and Marsden, that paved the way for
Rutherford’s model of an atom, ~ 1.00% of the a-particles were found to deflect at
angles > 50°. If one mole of a-particles were bombarded on the gold foil, compute
the number of a-particles that would deflect at angles less than 50°.
Question 3.
Predict the valency of the following elements
(i) A (Atomic number 5)
(ii) B (Atomic number 12)
(iii) C (Atomic number 14)
(iv) D (Atomic number 17)

Question 4.
An element ‘X’ contains 6 electrons in ‘M’ shell as valence electrons:
(a) What is the atomic number of ‘X’?
(b) Identify whether ‘X’ is a metal or non-metal..

Question 5.
The atomic number of lithium is 3. Its mass number is 7.
(a) How many protons and neutrons are present in a lithium atom?
(b) Draw the diagram of a lithium atom.

Question 6.
Complete the table on the basis of information available in the symbols given below

Question 7.
In the atom of an element ‘Z’, 5 electrons are present in the outermost shell. It
requires noble gas configuration by accepting requisite number of electrons, then
what would be the charge on the ion so formed? Write the formula of the compound
which will be formed when ‘Z’ reacts with Na atom.

Question 8.
222
86Rn is an isotope of noble gas, radon. How many protons, neutrons and electrons
are there in one atom of this radon isotope?

Question 9.
What information do you get from the figures about the atomic number, valency of
atoms X, Y and Z? Give your answer in a tabular form.
Question 10.
Write the molecular formulae for the following compounds:
(a) Copper (II) bromide
(b) Aluminium (III) nitrate
(c) Calcium (II) phosphate
(d) Iron (III) sulphide
(e) Mercury (II) chloride
(f) Magnesium (II) acetate

Question 11.
Write the molecular formulae of all the compounds that can be formed by the
combination of following ions
Cu2+, Na+, Fe3+, Cl–, so2−4,PO3−4

Question 12.
Write the formula of the compounds formed by the following ions.
(a) Mg2+ and S2-
(b) Cu2+ and OH
Name the compounds formed in each case.
Compound: Mg2S2 or MgS; Magnesium sulphate
(b) Ions Cu2+ OH–

Long Answer Questions

Question 1.
(i) State the method of determining the valency of an element if its atomic number is
given.
(ii) Determine the valency of the following elements, the atomic numbers of which
are given in parenthesis:
Chlorine (17), Sulphur (16), Aluminium (13)
Question 2.
What is the gold foil experiment? Name the scientist who performed this experiment.
Write the conclusions and shortcomings of Rutherford’s model of atom.

Question 3.
In what way is the Rutherford’s atomic model different from that of Thomson’s atomic
model?

Question 4.
What are the postulates of Bohr’s model of an atom?

Question 5.
Show diagrammatically the electron distribution in a sodium atom and a sodium ion
and also give their atomic number.

Question 7.
The given figure depicts the atomic structure of an atom of an element ‘X’.
Write the following information about the element ‘X’.

(a) Atomic number of ‘X’

(b) Atomic mass of ‘X’
(c) Valence electrons
(d) Valency of ‘X’
(e) ‘X’ should be metal or non-metal.

Questions HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills)

Question 1.
One electron is present in the outermost shell of the atom of an element ‘Z’.
(a) What will be the nature of this element?
(b) What will be the value of charge of the ion formed, if this electron is removed
from the outermost shell?
Question 2.
Composition of the nuclei of two atomic species ‘X’ and ‘Y’ are given below:

Give the mass number of ‘X’ and ‘Y’. What is the relationship between the two
species?

Question 3.
An atom ‘M’ of an element reacts with oxygen to form M2O3. Calculate the valency of
the element ‘M’.

Question 4.
Complete the following gaps in the given table:

Question 5.
Explain why chlorine, whether as the element or its compounds, always has relative
atomic mass of about 35.5.

Question 6.
An element ‘X’ has mass number 4 and atomic number 2. Write the valency of this
element. Will it react with other atoms of different elements?