10

Science

Quarter 1 –
Module 2:
Earthquakes
 Science – Grade 10
Supplementary Learning Material
Quarter 1 – Module 2: Earthquakes
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education – Schools Division Office of Quezon City

Local Government of Quezon City
Schools Division Superintendent Dr. Jenilyn Rose B. Corpuz
Honorable Mayor Josefina Belmonte Alimurung

Deve
lopment Team of the Module

Writer: Ms. Digna C. Paningbatan

Editors: Mrs.
Carmencita Diapo
Mrs. Annabelle
Salamida
Reviewers: Dr. Maria
Pilar O. Capalongan
Mrs. Ma. Nimfa R.
Gabertan Dr. Edna
Galiza
Illustrator: Ms. Jeanne Marie Gabrielle Tenchavez
Layout Artist: Mr. Roland Del Rosario
Management Team: Dr. Jenilyn Rose B. Corpuz, CESO IV

Mr. Fredie V. Avendaño, ASDS, In-

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 10

Science

Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Earthquakes
 HOW TO USE THIS MODULE
Before you start answering the Supplementary Learning Material (SLeM),
kindly set aside other tasks that will disturb you while enjoying the lessons. Read
carefully the instructions below to successfully attain the objectives of this kit.
Have fun!
1. Read carefully all the contents and follow the instructions indicated in
every part of this SLeM.
2. Write on your notebook the concepts about the lessons. Keep in mind that
Writing develops and enhances learning,
3. Perform all the provided activities in the SLeM.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

Expectations This will provide what will you will be able to know
completing the lessons in the SLeM.

Pre-test This will assess your prior knowledge and the concepts
to be mastered throughout the lesson.

Looking This section will measure the skills that you learned
Back to and understand from the previous lesson.
your
Lesson
Brief This section will give you an overview of the lesson.
Introducti
on

Activities These are activities designed to develop your critical

thinking and other competencies that you need to
master. This can be done solely or with your partner
depending on the nature of the activity.

This section summarizes the concepts and applications

Remember of the lessons

Check your This will verify how you learned from the lesson.
Understandi
ng

Post-test This will measure how much you have learned from the
entire SLeM
PARTS OF THIS MODULE

Expectations
Lesson 1: The Seismic Waves
1. Identify the three seismic waves; and
2. Characterize the seismic waves in terms of their speed.
Let us start your journey in learning more about earthquakes. I am sure you are ready and
excited to answer the Pretest. Smile and cheer up!

Pre-Test
Choose the letter of the best answer.
1. Which is the correct order of seismic waves from the fastest to slowest?
A. P waves, S waves, L waves C. L waves, P waves, S waves
B. S waves, L waves, P waves D. S waves, P waves, L waves

2. Which wave is considered the most damaging?

A. P wave C. S wave
B. L wave D. P and S waves only

Use the figure below to answer questions 3 and 4. Choose from options A, B, and C.

Figure 1. Sample seismogram 1

3. Using the diagram, which arrow points to the P waves?
4. Which seismic wave took the longest time to travel from the origin?
5. Which of the following inferences explains why P waves cannot be recorded in
the outer core?
A. It is solid.
B. It is liquid.
C. Rocks in it are very hard.
D. P waves cannot be recorded as we go deeper.
 Looking Back
In previous lessons, you have learned about the Earth’s layers namely: crust,
mantle, and core. You have learned about their distinct composition and characteristics.

Below are statements that describe a certain layer of the Earth. Write your answer on the space
provided.
1. The outermost layer.
2. The thinnest layer.
3. The hottest layer.
4. Composed of partially molten rocks.
5. The outer part is liquid while the inner part is solid.

It is nice to know that you can still remember those lessons. The characteristics of each Earth
layer affect how earthquake waves travel through them.

Brief Introduction
Have you ever experienced an earthquake? What did you feel? There are about 9 to 18
earthquakes every day. Most of them are weak and can hardly be felt. A seismograph is an
instrument used to measure the earthquake. The vibrations caused by earthquakes are
recorded in a paper called a seismogram. Find out how seismic waves travel within the Earth.
This will be discussed in this module.

Activities
Activity 1. The Seismogram

Objective: Identify the seismic wave in a seismogram.

Procedure:
1. Examine the seismogram in figure 2.

Figure 2.
Sample
seismogram 1
 2. From the origin, at what time did the P wave arrive? S wave? surface waves?
3. Based on the figure, which seismic wave is recorded first? second? last?
4. What is the difference between the arrival time of P and S waves?
5. What can you infer from the speed of the seismic waves as recorded in
the seismogram?

Activity 2. P vs. S waves

Objective: To differentiate the P and S waves as they

travel within the Earth.

Procedure:
1. Study the graph on the right showing the speed of
P and S waves as they travel within the Earth’s
interior.
Note: VS is S wave speed while VP is P wave
speed.

Guide Questions:

1. Compare the speed of P and S waves in the outer

core?
2. What is the speed of S and P waves in the outer
core?
3. Explain your answer in no. 2.
4. Compare the speed of P and S waves in
the mantle.

Figure 3. P vs. S waves speed

5. Make a general statement about the speed of P and S waves as they travel within
the Earth.
6. Explain the difference between the speed of P and S waves as they travel within
the Earth’s interior.

Remember

● There are three types of seismic waves, namely: P, S, and L waves.

● P waves are the fastest among seismic waves thus, take the shortest time to travel from
the origin while L waves need the longest time to travel.
● In a seismogram, the P waves are recorded first, followed by the S waves, and lastly,
the L waves.
● L waves are the most destructive since they are felt on the surface
.
 Checking Your Understanding

Figure 4. Sample seismogram 3

Fill in the table below based on figure 4.

Type of Arrival time from Rank in terms Rank in terms

seismic the of of
wave origin (in speed destruction
seconds)
P
S
L

Post-Test
Choose the letter of the best answer.

For numbers 1 and 2, refer to Figure 5 above.

1. Which seismic wave arrived first?

2. Which arrived last?

3. Which is the correct arrangement of seismic waves based on slowest to fastest?

A. P, S, L B. S, L, P C. L, S, P D. P, L, S

4. Which seismic wave travels only in a solid part of the Earth?

A. L B. P C. S D. P and S

5. Which seismic wave can travel in solid or liquid layers of the Earth?
A. L B. P C. S D. P and S