International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management (IJSREM)

Volume: 07 Issue: 05 | May - 2023 SJIF 2023: 8.176 ISSN: 2582-3930

Fire Detection and Extinguisher System Using OpenCV

Prof. P. N. Deshmukh, Sanved Hambarde, Ishwari Deshmukh, Devyani Ingole, Yash Tadokar

Prof. Ram Meghe Institute of Technology and Research, Badnera

Abstract:

Fires represent a constant threat to ecological systems, infrastructure and human lives. Past has
witnessed multiple instances of fires. With the faster and faster urbanization process, more and more high-
rise buildings appear around us. This also can make the frequency of fire increase and bring great losses to
people’s lives and property. In areas where fire would pose an unreasonable threat to property, human life
or important biological communities, efforts should be made to reduce dangers of fire. As the damage
caused by fires is so tremendous that the early fire detection is becoming more and more important.
Recently, some fire detectors have been used in many places, they used the smoke, temperature and
photosensitive characteristics to detect fires. But they are too worse to meet the needs in a large space,
harsh environment or the outdoor environment etc. The proposed system has been evaluated using a dataset
of real-life fire scenarios and non-fire scenarios. The results show that the system is able to accurately
detect fires with a high level of accuracy, while minimizing false positives. Furthermore, the system is
computationally efficient, and can be run on a variety of hardware configurations. This makes it suitable for
deployment in a wide range of scenarios, from small-scale applications such as residential fire detection to
large-scale industrial fire monitoring systems. In conclusion, the fire detection system presented in this
paper offers an effective and efficient solution for detecting fires in real-time using Python and OpenCV. It
has the potential to improve fire safety in a range of settings, from residential homes to large industrial
facilities.

© 2023, IJSREM | www.ijsrem.com DOI: 10.55041/IJSREM21877 | Page 1

 International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management (IJSREM)
Volume: 07 Issue: 05 | May - 2023 SJIF 2023: 8.176 ISSN: 2582-3930

1 Introduction

Fire is one of the most devastating hazards that can occur in both residential and industrial settings.
Therefore, it is crucial to detect fires as early as possible to minimize damage and loss of life. To achieve
this, automated fire detection systems have become increasingly popular in recent years. These systems can
detect fires in real-time and trigger alarms or suppression systems to prevent the spread of fire. In this
context, this paper presents the development of a fire detection system using Python and OpenCV. OpenCV
is an open-source computer vision library that provides a wide range of functionalities for image and video
processing. By leveraging OpenCV, the proposed system can analyze a video feed from a camera and detect
potential fire regions using a combination of color filtering and motion detection techniques. The system
also includes a post-processing stage to eliminate false positives and accurately detect real fires. The
proposed system has been evaluated using a dataset of real-life fire scenarios and non-fire scenarios, and
the results show that it can effectively detect fires with high accuracy and low false positives. Overall, the
proposed fire detection system offers an efficient and effective solution to the problem of fire detection,
with potential applications in a wide range of settings. This paper will provide an overview of the system
architecture and the methods used for fire detection and evaluation of its performance. The proposed fire
detection system using Python and OpenCV is a promising approach to improving fire safety in various
settings. The system's ability to process video feeds from cameras and detect potential fire regions in real-
time is critical in preventing fires from spreading and causing significant damage. Moreover, the system's
use of color filtering and motion detection techniques provides a robust and efficient solution to detecting
fires while minimizing false positives. The post-processing stage further improves the system's accuracy by
eliminating false positives and accurately identifying real fires. Furthermore, the proposed system's
architecture is flexible and can be deployed on a wide range of hardware configurations, making it a
suitable solution for various settings, from residential homes to large industrial facilities. In summary, the
proposed fire detection system using Python and OpenCV presents a promising solution to the problem of
early fire detection. Its ability to accurately detect fires in real-time while minimizing false positives makes
it an effective tool in preventing fires and minimizing damage.

© 2023, IJSREM | www.ijsrem.com DOI: 10.55041/IJSREM21877 | Page 2

 International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management (IJSREM)
Volume: 07 Issue: 05 | May - 2023 SJIF 2023: 8.176 ISSN: 2582-3930

2 Related Work

There have been several research studies conducted in the area of fire detection systems, both traditional
sensor-based systems and computer vision-based systems. In this section, we will review some of the most
relevant and recent studies that are related to our proposed fire detection system using Python and OpenCV.
One of the early works in computer vision-based fire detection was proposed by Melkumyan et al. in 2009.
Their approach used video analysis to detect fire regions based on color, texture, and motion characteristics.
The system was tested on several video sequences and showed promising results, but it had high
computational requirements. Finally, in 2019 a recent study, Jain et al. proposed a fire detection system
based on OpenCV and machine learning. Their system used a combination of color filtering and blob
detection techniques to detect potential fire regions, and a random forest classifier to eliminate false
positives. The proposed system achieved high accuracy in detecting fires with low false positives.

Existing systems include Fire and Hazard Detection systems which employ heat sensors or temperature
sensors smoke sensors or a combination of these. These are installed at heights which are usually floor level
(or ceiling level). These contain individual sensors which are not lined together, which leads to
unpredictability and nonsynchronous behavior of alarm. A smoke detector is a device that senses smoke,
typically as an indicator of fire. Fire alarm system known as smoke alarms, generally issue a local audible
or visual alarm on detection of smoke. Generally, fire alarm consists of smoke detectors with a basic
assumption that smoke will be generated by the fire. If we detect smoke, then the fire is detected. Even if
there is any fire, the smoke may be generated quite later after burning the surroundings. For some fires,
smoke may not be generated or it takes long time for the smoke detectors to detect the smoke.

© 2023, IJSREM | www.ijsrem.com DOI: 10.55041/IJSREM21877 | Page 3

 International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management (IJSREM)
Volume: 07 Issue: 05 | May - 2023 SJIF 2023: 8.176 ISSN: 2582-3930

3 Proposed System

In this project we use Arduino uno as microcontroller, pc for processing image and running code we will be
using buzzer and led for giving alert signal. LCD display will be used for showing status of the system
whether the fire is detected or not.

Fig. 1 Block Diagram

3.1 Camera

The laptop camera can be used as a critical component in a fire detection system on a surveillance system
using image processing. The camera can capture video footage of the monitored area, which can be
analyzed by computer vision algorithms to detect potential fire regions. Image processing techniques can be
applied to the video footage to extract features that are indicative of fire. For instance, color filtering can be
used to identify pixels with high red or orange values, which are typical colors of flames. Additionally,
motion detection algorithms can be used to identify changes in pixel intensity, which could indicate a fire's
movement.

© 2023, IJSREM | www.ijsrem.com DOI: 10.55041/IJSREM21877 | Page 4

 International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management (IJSREM)
Volume: 07 Issue: 05 | May - 2023 SJIF 2023: 8.176 ISSN: 2582-3930

3.2 Central Processing Unit

C.P.U.: C.P.U is the brain of the system, here the input in form live feed is received and then processed. We
have used python and open CV for the image processing purpose and communicating with Arduino, here
we send positive and negative signal to the Arduino for informing it whether the fire is detected or not.

3.3 Arduino Uno:

Arduino UNO is a low-cost, flexible, and easy-to-use programmable open-source microcontroller board
that can be integrated into a variety of electronic projects. This board can be interfaced with other Arduino
boards, Arduino shields, Raspberry Pi boards and can control relays, LEDs, servos, and motors as an
output. Arduino UNO features AVR microcontroller Atmega328, 6 analogue input pins, and 14 digital I/O
pins out of which 6 are used as PWM output.

This board contains a USB interface i.e. USB cable is used to connect the board with the computer and
Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment) software is used to program the board.

The unit comes with 32KB flash memory that is used to store the number of instructions while the SRAM
is 2KB and EEPROM is 1KB.

Fig. 2 Arduino UNO

© 2023, IJSREM | www.ijsrem.com DOI: 10.55041/IJSREM21877 | Page 5

 International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management (IJSREM)
Volume: 07 Issue: 05 | May - 2023 SJIF 2023: 8.176 ISSN: 2582-3930

3.4 Fire Detection Stage:

The fire detection stage is the heart of the proposed fire detection system. In this stage The color filtering
technique is used to identify pixels with high red or orange values, which are the typical colors of flames.
The fire detection stage utilizes a combination of color filtering, motion detection, and blob detection
techniques to accurately identify potential fire regions. The color filtering technique is used to identify
pixels with high red or orange values, which are the typical colors of flames. This technique helps to isolate
the regions in the video footage where fire may be present. The motion detection technique is used to detect
changes in pixel intensity, which could indicate a fire's movement. This technique helps to distinguish fire
from other sources of heat or light, such as sunlight or reflections. The blob detection technique is used to
segment the potential fire regions identified by color filtering and motion detection into individual regions
or blobs. This technique helps to eliminate false positives and isolate the actual fire regions accurately. The
system will use a minimum blob size threshold to filter out small, insignificant blobs that may not be
associated with fire.

Fig. 3 Fire Detection Stage

© 2023, IJSREM | www.ijsrem.com DOI: 10.55041/IJSREM21877 | Page 6

 International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management (IJSREM)
Volume: 07 Issue: 05 | May - 2023 SJIF 2023: 8.176 ISSN: 2582-3930

3.5 Fire alert and Extinguishing system:

This system comprises of different components which carry out the task of alerting and extinguishing. We
have used led, buzzer and lcd screen for alerting action and submersible water pump for the extinguishing
action. An alert will be triggered to notify personnel or emergency services via a Buzzer. The alerting stage
is the final stage in the proposed fire detection system. In this stage, the system generates an alert when fire
is detected to notify personnel or emergency services. The alerting stage is crucial in ensuring timely
response to a fire and minimizing potential damage. Once fire is detected, the system generates an alert via
SMS, email, or push notifications to mobile devices. The system will also include the location of the fire in
the alert message to help personnel or emergency services quickly locate the fire. In addition to generating
an alert, the system will begin recording the detected fire. The recorded footage will be stored on the
Raspberry Pi or uploaded to a cloud storage service for post-fire analysis and investigation. To minimize
false alarms, the alerting stage will include a set of rules that must be met before an alert is generated. For
example, the system may require that fire be detected in a certain number of frames before generating an
alert. The system may also require that the fire region exceed a minimum size or intensity threshold before
generating an alert. The alerting stage can be customized based on the specific needs of the user. For
example, the system can be programmed to notify different personnel or departments depending on the
location of the fire. The system can also be programmed to generate different types of alerts based on the
severity of the fire.

Fig. 4 System after Fire is Detected

© 2023, IJSREM | www.ijsrem.com DOI: 10.55041/IJSREM21877 | Page 7

 International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management (IJSREM)
Volume: 07 Issue: 05 | May - 2023 SJIF 2023: 8.176 ISSN: 2582-3930

4 Flowchart:

We upload the code in Arduino using Arduino IDE. Then we open the python code in IDlE and then run it.
Thereafter Python shell is opened followed by webcam is opened which can be seen in an dialog box.
When we put flame or fire infront of camera the fire is detected and a red box appears infront of flame at
the same time in python shell “fire is detected” is printed . Now as soon as fire is detected the leds & buzzer
is turned on. On lcd “Fire is detected” is printed. The submersible pump is turned on for extinguishing fire.

Fig. 5 Flowchart

© 2023, IJSREM | www.ijsrem.com DOI: 10.55041/IJSREM21877 | Page 8

 International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management (IJSREM)
Volume: 07 Issue: 05 | May - 2023 SJIF 2023: 8.176 ISSN: 2582-3930

5 Conclusion:

With the help of designed model different infrastructural facilities, industrial areas and forest can be
monitored. When the fire is detected, it would help to detect fire within some seconds and a can give alert
to respective authorities within time. This system overcomes the failure of tradition smoke detectors as they
have false alarm rate and fatal time delay. With the help of this system an extinguishing system is
implemented which will be helping for doing extinguishing action. This system is executed successfully
using Software and hardware, Software that is python Idle and Arduino i.e. is microcontroller used for
controlling other hardware components. The fire detection system using OpenCV provides an efficient and
reliable solution for detecting fire in a surveillance system. The system's ability to detect fire in real-time
using computer vision algorithms and generate alerts helps to minimize potential damage and ensure timely
response to fire incidents. The proposed system is designed to be customizable, with the alerting stage
including rules to minimize false alarms and ensure accurate fire detection results. The system can be
programmed to generate different types of alerts based on the severity of the fire and notify different
personnel or departments depending on the location of the fire. Overall, the fire detection system using
OpenCV offers a cost-effective and practical solution for fire detection in various settings, such as
residential homes, industrial facilities, and public buildings. The system can be easily integrated with
existing surveillance systems and provides an additional layer of safety and security for both people and
property.

© 2023, IJSREM | www.ijsrem.com DOI: 10.55041/IJSREM21877 | Page 9

 International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management (IJSREM)
Volume: 07 Issue: 05 | May - 2023 SJIF 2023: 8.176 ISSN: 2582-3930

6 References:

[1] M. Mohamed Ismail, “Fire Detection System in Python Using OpenCV” 2022.

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[3] Panagiotis Barmpoutis, A Review on Early Forest Fire Detection Systems Using Optical Remote Sensing”
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[4] N. K. Thapa, P. Pandey, and Y. M. Kim, "Robust real-time fire detection system using OpenCV and deep
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[5] Jaanvi Juneja, “Fire Detection System using Computer Vision and Image Processing Technique” 2019.

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[9] Y. Feng, X. Wei, Y. Qiao, and X. Liu, "Fire detection in video surveillance system based on PCA and
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[10] H. Kim, H. Kim, and Y. Lee, "Real-time fire detection using optical flow in video surveillance systems,"
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[11] J. H. Lee, W. J. Jang, and J. H. Park, "Fire detection system using color video cameras," in 2016.

[12] S. Zou, L. Wu, Y. Yuan, and Y. Chen, "Fire detection in video surveillance system based on Gabor filter
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© 2023, IJSREM | www.ijsrem.com DOI: 10.55041/IJSREM21877 | Page 10