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    5.1 Biological Catalysts

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    5.1 Biological Catalysts

    Uploaded by

    soyingshuan3572
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    5.1 Biological catalysts

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    6 views18 pages

    5.1 Biological Catalysts

    Uploaded by

    soyingshuan3572

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 18

    Enzymes

    5.1 Biological catalysts


    Ms Pushpa
    Learning objectives
    • Explain what a catalyst is
    • Explain why enzymes are said to be biological catalyst,
    why they are important to sustain life
    • Describe how enzymes work, using the term active site,
    substrate, complementary, product
    • Use the term enzyme-substrate complex
    • Explain why enzymes are specific
    Table of contents

    5.1 Biological catalysts

    Factors that affect


    5.2 enzymes
    Key words
    Catalyst
    Enzymes
    Amylase
    Protease
    Catalase
    Carbohydrates
    Lipases
    Maltase
    Sucrase
    Substrate
    Active site
    Complementary
    Products
    Enzyme-substrate complex
    What Are Enzymes?
    • Enzymes are:
    • Catalysts that speed up the rate of a chemical reaction without
    being changed or used up in the reaction
    • Proteins
    • Biological catalysts (biological because they are made in living
    cells, catalysts because they speed up the rate of chemical
    reactions without being changed)
    • Necessary to all living organisms as they maintain reaction
    speeds of all metabolic reactions (all the reactions that keep an
    organism alive) at a rate that can sustain life
    Enzymes act as biological catalysts
    ● They occur inside cells or are secreted by the
    cells.
    ● Catalase is the enzyme that catalyses the
    break down of hydrogen peroxide.

    Catalase
    What is enzyme?
    Catalyst - alters the rate of chemical
    reaction, without being changed itself

    Enzymes- proteins that are involved in all


    metabolic reactions and function as
    biological catalysts.
    Enzymes are proteins

    ● Proteins are long molecules that are folded


    into a specific shape.

    catalase amylase pepsin trypsin


    starch

    amylase
    secreted
    embryo plant
    maltose
    Naming enzymes
    ● Enzymes are named according to the reaction that they catalase
    ● Often end in –ase.

    Carbohydrases break Proteases break down


    down carbohydrates proteins

    Lipases break down lipids


    Specific names of enzymes

    ● Amylase breaks ● Maltase breaks down


    down starch maltose

    ● Sucrase breaks down


    sucrose
    Enzyme and substrate
    Enzyme substrate specificity

    •Enzymes are specific to one particular substrate


    (molecule/s that get broken down or joined together in
    the reaction) as the enzyme is a complementary shape to
    the substrate
    •The product is made from the substrate(s) and is released
    How an enzyme catalyses a reaction

    Shape of the The short lived The enzyme change


    enzyme’s active site structure that forms the substrate into
    and substrate are as the substrate new products
    complementary to slots into enzyme’s
    one another active site
    Thank
    you! https://youtu.be/zIm48ZBnuh4?si=qafluwXuz9RF266b

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