FIBRE NUMERICAL APERTURE

4GRADED INDEX of GRIN, the

shown in fig. 2(0), în case
As mentioned earlier and of the core; so a
from the centre ray
decreases continuously
eractive index the axis of the
from the normal, i.e., towards
bends away
ering the core
continuously a of
medium
lower refractive
encounters
b r e ) because it described by Ref to fig. 2(c).
X . T h e index variation
is
rsa CORE ..1(a)
) = 1 1-2
r>a
CLADDING .16)
1-24 =H2
)=H1
along the
axis of fibre
where A 18 r e f r a c t i v e
index
 -Cladding index
a-Core radius
-Parameter describing the refractive index
profile variation
-Parameter determining the scale of
profile change.
Solving eq. (15) for the scale factor A, we get,

24
which, for the usual case in which
result l1 =
|"2 this reduces to the approximate

and so we
recognise A as the fractional refractive index change deacribed in
eq. (8) of art. 7.3.
When refractive index of the
the ray medium changes in a
paths are sinusoidal. So light
rays travel
parabolic fashion,
oscillatory fashion. The changing through the fibre in an
continually towards the fibre axis refractive index causes the rays to bend
and typical index
eq. (1a) and (16)) variation [described in
cauee them to be
When a= 2 in eq. periodically focussed
1(a) then core index becomes

For A<1 as is
0)=*11-2
represented by usually the case, this
variation is adequately

for r Sa .2a)

This index for r> a 26)

distribution is called
numerical aperture is parabolic profile, for which the

NA =41 (2a
The plot of above
equation for
values give 2 1.46. H1 1.48 and A 0.0135 is shown in
=
fig. (6). Theee =

parabolic fibre is The axial NA is 0.24. The

axial NA 10
NA =1 2a
4)
which is same as of step index fibre
(eq. 9 art 7.3, put Ho =1,
ar
 U.3

0.2

0.5
1.0
Fig.6. NA of a parabolic rla
We note from
Index fibre, H= 148, A= 0.0135
means any ray figure that NA drops off to zero
entering the core at this
perfectly parallel
at the
edge of the core. It
to the
fibre axis. point will be guided only if the ray is
S COMPARISON
INDEX FIBRE BETWEEN STEP INDEX FIBRE AND
GRADED
Step Index Flbre
|1. The refractive Graded Index Fibre
index
unifom throughout andof the core is 1.
The refractive index of the
abrupt change undergoes an
boundary. at the cladding inthe
parabolic core
varies
manner such that
maximum refractive the
The diameter of the the centre of the index is present at
core.
100 um in the case of core is about 2.
and about 10um in multimode fibre The diameter of the core
mode fibre. case of 50 um in the is about
single case of
multimode fibre.
3. Bandwidth of
for fibre is about 50
multimode step index MHz km
more than 1000 MHz fibres but
mode step index km for to
3.Bandwidth
600 MHz
of flbre is
from 200 MHz
km. km |
fibres. single|
Numerical aperture
multimode step Index
is
more for
less for single mode stepfibres but very 4. Numerical aperture Is less.
index fibres.
5. Signal distorion ls
step index fibre. more in
multimode 5. Signal
distortion is very low.
6.Attenuatilon ls more
index fibres but for
multumode
very less for step6. Attenuation
mode step index flbre. ls les8.
single|