68 Circle Theorems, 1, ZA= ZB (Angles in the samo 2c=20 gment) > Oy a 2. Ifo is the centre of circle, 2BOC = 2 ZBAG (Angle at centre istwiee anige at circumference) eS 3. BOC isa diameter <>» ZBAC = 90° (Angle in a semicircle) 4. IABCD isa cyclic quadilateral ¢-» ZA+ ZC = 180° 2B + ZD = 180° (The sum of opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral is 180°) >, ° OD 5. ABCDis a cyclic quaditeral ¢> a= 2 D (Exterior angle of a cyclic quadrilateral = interior opposite angle) ( ( 2 OC 1 AB e@ AC=CB ~ AB = CD @ OP =0Q Gy (~) ip y |S 8. If AB and CD are chords, AX . XB = CX, XD (Intersecting chord property) ® 9. If PB and PD are secant segment PA. PB = PC, PD (The secant segment property) y 40. If PT is a tangent and PB is a PT? = PA, PB (The secant tangent segment property) cant segment ?| | oo |x, AB is a tangent and OP is a radius e» OP LAB (Tangent is perpendicular to the radius at the point of contact) K B (2. If PA and PB are tangents drawn from P, then PA = PB A (i) Tangents from an external point are equal in length, Cee (ii) The tangents subtend equal angles at the centre; (tii) The Ine joining the external point to the centre of the circle bisects the angle between the tangents. 3. If AP is a tangent and AB is a chord, then a= B (Alternate segment theorem) Example (1 ‘p_ ? > In fig, ZLMN = ZMNO = 90°, P is the mid-point M fe of MN and MN = NO = 2ML. The lines LN and OP g intersect at Q. Prove, giving your reasons in full, that. ° (@) SMNL and ANOP are congruent, (b) ZOPN = ZLNO. (90, June, P2, 4 marks) $oln:(a) Since P is the mid-point of MN, MP = PN= YIN = %(2ML) = ML (s MN=2ML) Now, in 4s MNL and NOP s: MN =NO (Given) A ZLMIN = ZPNO (Each = 90°) s LM = PN (Proved) Hence AMNL and ANOP are congruent (SAS) (b) From (a), ZNLM = ZOPN Since ZLMN = 90° = ZMNO, LMON ZNLM = ZLNO (AINE) srmmmes (2) Hence, from (1) and (2) ZOPN = ZLNOn Find AB, inom, to 1 d.p. 162 [ Ak= 295 (90, June, PA, 3m) 2. Qs the centre of the circle A, B and C. Given that AO is 16.5 parallel to BC and ZAOB = 70%, calculate the size of or t (a) ZACB, 10 “Ca Col (b) 2CAB. At (96, May, 1m) 4 8 3. AB and BC are chords of the circle ABC " | a 7 with ZABC = 90°, v AB = 30m and C= 16 em , Caculate in cm, the radius of the circle, «o (85, Jan, 3m) 4. ABCDis a circle centre O, of radius 9 cm. AC is a diameter of the circle BD is a chord of the circle which intersects AC at E. Given that EC = 6 cm and ED = 8 cm. (a) find the length, in cm, of BE. Given also that the length of AB = 13.75 cm, (b) find the length, in cm, to 3 singnificant figures of DC. (95, May, 4m) 5. (a) Find the length of DC. IAD = 12cm (b) Find the length of BC. (93, Jan, P1, 4m) 6. Os the centre of the circle ABT and AB is the diameter. ‘The tangent at T meets BA produced at S, AS = AT = 12.cm and BT = 16 om. p (a) Write down the size of ZATB, () “ (b) Show that the radius of the circle is 10 em. | (c) Calculate the length, in cm to 1 decimal pl72 7. The point A, B, C and D leona circle, The chords AC and BD A.< > intersect at point P. AC = 20 cm, DP = 4em, BP = 9cm, L\ CP = xem and AP > PC. Calculate the value of x. OA xPC 20 \ x C (97, May, 3 m) 8. TCis the tangent at C to the circle ABC. TAB Is a straight A e line with TA = 18 cm and AB = 54 cm. b Calculate the length, in cm, of TC. T te Asti > 7 ~ (00, Jan, 2m) 9. Two chords of the circle ABCD, AC and BO, intersect at S. AS = x om, SC = (3 x)em, BS = 2x cm and SD = (x-2)om. Calculate the value of x. 40. APis the tangent at P to a circle centre ©. where AP = 6om, / ‘The straight line AQC is such that QC = 9 em. Find the length 7 in cm, of AQ. 2 A A / P / a -{01, May, 6m) 11. PT is the tangent to the circle TAB at T. The radius of the circle, B. centre O, is 5 cm. PT = 12 cm, AB = 7 cm and PA=x cm. Ne) {a) Using this information, write down an equation in x. (b) Solve your equation to find the value of x. a Mis th idpoint of AE is the midpoint of AB Te (¢) Calculate the length , in cm, to 3 singnificant figures, of OM. (02, May, 6m) 12. The centre of the circle ABCD is O, and AOD is diameter. , 8 ZCAD = 20°. Calculate the size of ZABC. c (97, Jan, 2m) 43, The chords AC and BD of the circle ABCD intersect at the point P. ZBPC = 72°, PCD = 18° and CP = CB. D (a) Calculate giving reasons, the size of 4 K/ ( ZP0c, (i is Lee (i) ZABP (b) Explain why AC is a diameter of the circle. (8, Jan, 6m)73 14, The lines PS and PT are tangents to the circle SAT, with ¢ t centre O and ZSPT = 20° Calculate the values of x and y. P (99, May, 3m) 15. In the figure, O is the centre of the circle PORS, ZPQR = x, ZPSR = y° and the reflex angle ZPOR = 4x°, iF Find the values of x and y. P (99, May, 3m) 16. The chords AC and BD of the circle ABCD intersect atE. 8 c AE = 4m, ED = 10 cm and AB = Sem. om Calculate the length, in cm, of DC. D (00, May, 2m) 17. TP is the tangent to a circle PORS at P and QR = QP, ZSPT = 32° and ZRSQ = 56° Calculate, giving reasons in full, the size of (a) ZORP, (b) ZRQS. 78. The figure shows a circle ABCD with a diameter DB. The chords AC and DB of the circle interesect at E. AE = 6 cm, DE = 15cm A and EC = 10 cm. (“cal\ (a) Calculate the radius of the circle. Ley 8 Given also that AB = 5cm. Y (b) calculate the length in cm to 3 singnificant figures, of AD. (00, May, 5m) 19. . A,B,C and D are four points on a circle centre O. 8 e BD is a diameter and E is the point of intersection of BD and AC. ZAOE = 80° and ZCDE = 30°. &)) (a) Calculate the size of ZACD, giving your reasons clearly. D (b) Prove that AAEO is isosceles. (02, Jan, 5m)74 20. AC and BD are diameters of the circle ABCD, center O. we The tangent to the circle at D cuts CA produced at E an fe ZAED = 28° Calculate the size of (a) ZAOD, é (b) ZBac, (©) ZAcB, (95, May, 6m) 21. In the figure, PTU a tangent at the point T to the circle QRST U and PQRis a straight line. ZPQT = 100*, ZUTS = 56° and y PQ= aT. Find, giving your reasons in full, the size of. (a) ZTSR é (b) ZTRO (9 ZsTR (98, Jan, 9m) 22. TAis the tangent at Ato the circle ABCD. DAis a parallel to the striaght line CBT, ZADC = 116° and AB = BT. A T (a) ZABC, YZ (b) ZTAB, ON B (c) ZDAC. \ C~ (98, May, 6m) S 23. SPT is the tangent at P to the circle PQR. RQ is parallel to ST and ZOPT = 51°. 9 T Find, giving reasons, the size of (a) ZPRO (b) ZROP, R p (©) ZOPR s (99, Jan, 6m) 24. TC is the tangent at C to the circle ABC. ‘TBA is a straight line, AB = AC and ZCAB = 42°, Calculate the size, in degrees, of B (2) Z8CT (b) ZATC iT,95. Inthe figure, STP is a tangent at T to the circle with centre O and TQ is a chord of the circle. POQ is a straight and ZQTS = 2 ZOTQ. Calculate, giving your reasons clearly, the size of (a) ZOTQ, T (b) ZPOT, (c) ZOPT. (01, May, 6m) 26. APB is the tangent to the circle DCP at P. The centre of the circle is O and ZDBP = 28° (a) Calculate the size, in degrees, of () ZB80P Gil) ZOPA. ‘ 8 A second circle is to be drawn through D, 0, P and Q, where Q lies on AP. (0) Calculate the size, in degrees, of ZPQD, (03, Jan, 6m) 27. In AABC, BAis parallel to ED, ZBAC = 50°, ZBDE = 35° and ZDBE = 25° Calculate the size of (a) Z0EC, (b) ZADB, (c) ZOE. (95, May, 4m) 28. In the figure, ABE is an equilateral triangle, AED is a straight line, ZBEC = 48° and BE = EC = ED. Bl Calculate the size of (a) ZCBA, (&) 280. (06, May, 6m) 29. In triangle ABC, D is a point on BC and F is the point on BA a ‘such that DF is parallel to CA. E is the point on CA such that DE = CE. Given that DF = BD and ZABC = 55°, find the size of (a) 2FDB, 8 (b) ZAED. (98, Jan, 4m)16 30. In the figure, AB is a parallel to EC and ZBEC = 38, The point D is on EC such that AB = DB and ZBAD = 62° Calculate the size, in degress, of (a) ZFBD (b) ZADC Given also that BCOF is cyclic quadrilateral, (c) calculate the size, in degrees, of ZBCD. (2000, Jan, P2, No.6, 6 marks) lie 31. In the figure, AB is parallel to CE, AB = AD, and ZBCE = 62°. Calculate the size, in degrees, of ZBAD. c (2000, May, P1, No.13, 3m) A 32. ABC, AFE and EDC are equilateral triangles AE = 2cm, d CD = Sem, 8G = tem and EDG = 90° . Calculate, giving your answer to 1 decimal place. " ra (a) the length, in om, of the perimeter of quadrilateral EFGD, am (0) the area, in cm?, of the quadrialteral EFGD. (2002, Jan, P1, No. 28, 6m) 33. (a) Prove AXYS is similar to ABS (b) Find the ratio {area of AXYS) : (area of AABS) (91, Jan, P1, 4m) o, 34, ABCD is a square, AX = BY, Prove, giving reasons in full that (2) 4AXD=ABYA, ly (b) AY is perpendicular to DX 8 (917 Jan, P2, 5m) 35. AB and CD are diameter. Prove, giving your reasons in C. full that AACB and ACAD are congruent (93, Jan, P2, 4m) 36. (a) Show that AABD and AGCD are similar, Calculate the length of (b) AG, (©) FG. (94, Jan, P2,7m)7 ——"s Do A,B,C and D are points on a circle such that ZBAD = 62° and ZBCA = 69° Show that AAB® is isosceles. (11, June, 3m) 38. In the figure, D is a point on side AB and E is a point on side AC of ABC such that DE and BC are parallel ZAED = 50°, ZDCE = 30° and ZBDC = 60° (a) Find, in degrees and giving your reasons the size of ZBCD. (b) Show that triangle ADC is isosceles. (14, Jan, 5m)39, 78 ae Wem D DB and AC are chords of a circle ABCD and X is the point of intersection of these chords. The point P is such that PD is the tangent to the circle at D and PAXC is a straight line. ~ PD = 12cm, AX = 4 cm, BX = 9 cm and XC = 6 cm. (2) Calculate the length, in em, of XD. (b) Show that triangle PXD is isosceles 40. A,B, Cand D are four points on a circle. The tangents to the circle at B and D meet at P so that ZBPD = 52°, The tangent to the circle at C meets BP at R and DP at Q so that ZRQP = 70°, Find the size, in degrees of (2) 20BC, (b) ZCDB, (c) ZBAD. (09, May, 6m)