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Yet Another Bonds Lab

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19 views4 pages

Yet Another Bonds Lab

Uploaded by

john.run.ch4n
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Comparison of Bond Properties

and Intermolecular Bonding


Introduction:
You will use an ionic solid (salt), and a covalent solid (sucrose), in the first three lab procedures. It is important to note the
structure of each of these substances.

Ionic Solid – Salt

Covalent Solid – (Sucrose)

In the final three lab procedures, you will use a polar liquid (water) and a nonpolar liquid (vegetable oil). It is important to
note the structure of each of these substances.

Polar Liquid – Water


H H
\ /
O

Non-polar Liquid – Vegetable Oil


Experiment A: Hardness of Ionic and Covalent Solids
Purpose: To test which substance is harder, the ionic solid or the covalent solid.

Hypothesis:
I think the ionic / covalent solid will be harder. The reason I think this is…

Procedure:
1. Observe the shape of the covalent solid in a Petri dish. Use your fingernail to crush the crystals until they break, then
observe them under the microscope again, to note their cleavage patterns.

2. Repeat the first step, this time using the ionic solid.

3. Make note of the hardness of each type of crystal in your Data Chart. Which solid was more difficult to crush? Repeat
the procedure if you have any uncertainty.

Experiment C: Conductivity of Ionic and Covalent Solids

Purpose: To test whether an ionic or covalent solution will conduct


electricity.

Hypothesis:
I think the solution with the ionic solid dissolved in it will / will not conduct
electricity. The reason I think this is…
I think the solution with the covalent solid dissolved in it will / will not conduct
electricity. The reason I think this is…

Procedure:

1. Fill two beakers, A and B, with 100ml of distilled water. Add 20g of the
ionic solid to beaker A and add 20g of the covalent solid to beaker B.

2. Stir each with separate stirring rods until each solid is completely
dissolved in the solvent.

3. Using a conductivity meter, place the meter in beaker A to see if the solution in the beaker is able to conduct electricity.

4. Record your results in your Data Chart.

5. Rinse the probes in distilled water and then repeat the conductivity test for
beaker B.

Experiment D: Melting Point of Ionic and Covalent Solids


Purpose: To test which of the two solids has a higher melting point.
Hypothesis:
I think the ionic / covalent solid will have a higher melting point. The reason I
think this is…

Procedure:
1. Using a mass balance, place 1g of the ionic solid in one crucible and 1g of
the covalent solid in the other.
2. Place both crucibles on the hot plate to melt each substance.
3. Watch carefully as the sample heats. When the ionic solid begins to
brown or pop and sputter, stop the reaction and record the melting time.
When the covalent solid melts on the edges and turns brown, stop the
reaction and record the melting time.
4. Record both results in your Data Chart.

Experiment E: Demonstration of Capillary Action


Purpose: To test the capillary action of polar and nonpolar liquids.
Hypothesis:
I think the polar / nonpolar liquid will have greater capillary action. The reason I
think this is…

Procedure:
1. Using a separate dropper for each, place three drops of a polar liquid on
one end of a glass slide and three drops of a nonpolar liquid on the other
end of the slide.
2. Using a capillary tube, gently touch the end of the tube to the drop of the
polar liquid and watch the results. Repeat the procedure with the same
tube several times until the results do not change.
3. Repeat step 2 using a new capillary tube and the nonpolar liquid.
4. Describe the results in the Comparison of Physical Properties Data
Section.

Experiment F: Demonstration of Surface Tension

Purpose: To test the surface tension of polar and non-polar liquids.


Hypothesis:
I think the polar / nonpolar liquid will have greater surface tension. The reason I
think this is…

Procedure:
1. Add half a centimeter of the polar liquid to one petri dish and half a
centimeter of the nonpolar liquid to the other petri dish.
2. Using a clean and dry paper clip, try to gently lay the paper clip on the
surface of each liquid using the surface tension for support. Retrieve the
paper clip, dry it and try again if you don’t do it on the first try. You should
be able to have the paper clip float on at least one of the liquids.
3. Record your results in your Data Chart.

Experiment G: Demonstration of Solvent Ability


Purpose: To test the ability of polar and non-polar liquids to dissolve an ionic and
a covalent solid.

Hypothesis:
I think…
The reason I think this is…
Procedure:

1. Using a sectioned reaction dish, place 2ml of the polar liquid into two
sections and 2ml of the nonpolar liquid into two sections.
2. Using a mass balance, measure two 0.5g portions of the ionic solid and
two 0.5g portions of the covalent solid. Add 0.5g of the ionic solid to the
first polar section and the first nonpolar section. Add 0.5g of the covalent
solid to the second section of the polar liquid and the second section of
the nonpolar liquid.
3. Record the start time.
4. Gently swirl the reaction dish so that the liquid in each of the sections can
dissolve the solids.
5. Record the time it takes for each of the solids to dissolve in each of the
solvents.
6. Record your results in your Data Chart.
**Note: The solids in some sections may never dissolve entirely.

Each student will submit a typed lab report that contains the following information:
• Name
• Lab partners’ names
• Hypotheses
• Results (table and written)
• Discussion

You may discuss the lab with your lab partners and classmates, but each lab should be written individually and be in your
own words.

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